| slovo | definícia |
anions
(encz) | anions,anionty n: pl. |
anions
(gcide) | Ion \I"on\ ([imac]"[o^]n), n. [Gr. 'io`n, neut, of 'iw`n, p. pr.
of 'ie`nai to go.]
1. (Elec. Chem.) an atom or goup of atoms (radical) carrying
an electrical charge. It is contrasted with neutral atoms
or molecules, and free radicals. Certain compounds, such
as sodium chloride, are composed of complementary ions in
the solid (crystalline) as well as in solution. Others,
notably acids such as hydrogen chloride, may occur as
neutral molecules in the pure liquid or gas forms, and
ionize almost completely in dilute aqueous solutions. In
solutions (as in water) ions are frequently bound
non-covalently with the molecules of solvent, and in that
case are said to be solvated. According to the
electrolytic dissociation theory, the molecules of
electrolytes are divided into ions by water and other
solvents. An ion consists of one or more atoms and carries
one unit charges of electricity, 3.4 x 10^-10
electrostatic units, or a multiple of this. Those which
are positively electrified (hydrogen and the metals) are
called cations; negative ions (hydroxyl and acidic atoms
or groups) are called anions.
Note: Thus, hydrochloric acid (HCl) dissociates, in aqueous
solution, into the hydrogen ion, H+, and the chlorine
ion, Cl-; ferric nitrate, Fe(NO3)3, yields the
ferric ion, Fe+++, and nitrate ions, NO3-, NO3-,
NO3-. When a solution containing ions is made part of
an electric circuit, the cations move toward the
cathode, the anions toward the anode. This movement is
called migration, and the velocity of it differs for
different kinds of ions. If the electromotive force is
sufficient, electrolysis ensues: cations give up their
charge at the cathode and separate in metallic form or
decompose water, forming hydrogen and alkali;
similarly, at the anode the element of the anion
separates, or the metal of the anode is dissolved, or
decomposition occurs. Aluminum and chlorine are
elements prepared predominantly by such electrolysis,
and depends on dissolving compounds in a solvent where
the element forms ions. Electrolysis is also used in
refining other metals, such as copper and silver. Cf.
Anion, Cation.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.]
2. One of the small electrified particles into which the
molecules of a gas are broken up under the action of the
electric current, of ultraviolet and certain other rays,
and of high temperatures. To the properties and behavior
of ions the phenomena of the electric discharge through
rarefied gases and many other important effects are
ascribed. At low pressures the negative ions appear to be
electrons; the positive ions, atoms minus an electron. At
ordinary pressures each ion seems to include also a number
of attached molecules. Ions may be formed in a gas in
various ways.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.] |
| | podobné slovo | definícia |
companionship
(mass) | companionship
- spoločenstvo, priateľstvo |
companions
(encz) | companions,společníci n: pl. Zdeněk Brož |
companionship
(encz) | companionship,společenství n: Zdeněk Brožcompanionship,společnost n: Zdeněk Brož |
Companionship
(gcide) | Companionship \Com*pan"ion*ship\, n.
Fellowship; association; the act or fact of keeping company
with any one. --Shak.
[1913 Webster]
He never seemed to avail himself of my sympathy other
than by mere companionship. --W. Irving
[1913 Webster] |
Knights companions
(gcide) | Companion \Com*pan"ion\ (k[o^]m*p[a^]n"y[u^]n), n. [F.
compagnon, OF. compaing, fr. an assumed LL. companio (cf.
companium fellowship, a mess), fr. L. com- + panis bread. See
Pantry.]
1. One who accompanies or is in company with another for a
longer or shorter period, either from choice or casually;
one who is much in the company of, or is associated with,
another or others; an associate; a comrade; a consort; a
partner.
[1913 Webster]
The companions of his fall. --Milton.
[1913 Webster]
The companion of fools shall smart for it. --Prov.
xiii. 20 (Rev.
Ver.).
[1913 Webster]
Here are your sons again; and I must lose
Two of the sweetest companions in the world. --Shak.
[1913 Webster]
A companion is one with whom we share our bread; a
messmate. --Trench.
[1913 Webster]
2. A knight of the lowest rank in certain orders; as, a
companion of the Bath.
[1913 Webster]
3. A fellow; -- in contempt. [Obs.] --Shak.
[1913 Webster]
4. [Cf. OSp. compa[~n]a an outhouse, office.] (Naut.)
(a) A skylight on an upper deck with frames and sashes of
various shapes, to admit light to a cabin or lower
deck.
(b) A wooden hood or penthouse covering the companion way;
a companion hatch.
[1913 Webster]
Companion hatch (Naut.), a wooden porch over the entrance
or staircase of the cabin.
Companion ladder (Naut.), the ladder by which officers
ascend to, or descend from, the quarter-deck. --Totten.
Companion way (Naut.), a staircase leading to the cabin.
Knights companions, in certain honorary orders, the members
of the lowest grades as distinguished from knights
commanders, knights grand cross, and the like.
Syn: Associate; comrade; mate; compeer; partner; ally;
confederate; coadjutor; accomplice.
[1913 Webster] |
companionship
(wn) | companionship
n 1: the state of being with someone; "he missed their company";
"he enjoyed the society of his friends" [syn: company,
companionship, fellowship, society] |
COMPANIONS
(bouvier) | COMPANIONS, French law. This is a general term, comprehending all persons
who compose the crew of a ship or vessel. Poth. Mar. Contr. n. 163.
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