| slovo | definícia |
Penicil
(gcide) | Penicil \Pen"i*cil\ (p[e^]n"[i^]*s[i^]l), n. [L. penicillum,
penicillus, a painter's brush, a roil of lint, a tent for
wounds.] (mented.)
A tent or pledget for wounds or ulcers.
[1913 Webster] |
| | podobné slovo | definícia |
penicillamine
(encz) | penicillamine, n: |
penicillin
(encz) | penicillin,penicilin n: Zdeněk Brož |
penicillin f
(encz) | penicillin F, n: |
penicillin g
(encz) | penicillin G, n: |
penicillin o
(encz) | penicillin O, n: |
penicillin v
(encz) | penicillin V, n: |
penicillin v potassium
(encz) | penicillin V potassium, n: |
penicillin-resistant
(encz) | penicillin-resistant, adj: |
penicillin-resistant bacteria
(encz) | penicillin-resistant bacteria, n: |
penicillinase
(encz) | penicillinase, n: |
penicillinase-resistant antibiotic
(encz) | penicillinase-resistant antibiotic, n: |
phenoxymethyl penicillin
(encz) | phenoxymethyl penicillin, n: |
penicilin
(czen) | penicilin,penicillinn: Zdeněk Brož |
benzyl penicillin
(gcide) | penicillin \pen`i*cil"lin\ (p[e^]n`[i^]*s[i^]l"l[i^]n), n. [From
Penicillium, the fungus genus from which it was first
isolated.] (Chem.)
Any of a variety of substances having a structure containing
a beta-lactam ring fused to a thiirane ring, to which a
carboxyl group is attached, but most commonly interpreted as
benzyl penicillin. They are notable as powerful
antibacterial agents of relatively low toxicity which have
found extensive use in medicine for treating bacterial
infections. They are categorized as one of the classes of
beta-lactam antibiotic. They are produced naturally by some
fungi and bacteria, and industrial production processes
almost invariably start from some form of the penicillin
nucleus produced by fermentation of microorganisms. The
fermentation products are then chemically modified to produce
derivatives of enhanced potency, safety, or antibacterial
spectrum. The first penicillin to see extensive use
clinically (during World War II) was penicillin G, also
called benzypenicillin, and commonly simply "penicillin".
[PJC]
Note: [hand]The characteristic portion of the structure
characterizing a penicillin is the bicyclic structure
3,3-Dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicylo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic
acid. The different penicillins have varying acyl
groups forming an amide bond with a nitrogen attached
to the 6-carbon of this nucleus. This distinguishes it
from the other classes of beta-lactam antibiotic, the
cephalosporins, thienamycins and sulfazecin.
[PJC] |
benzypenicillin
(gcide) | penicillin \pen`i*cil"lin\ (p[e^]n`[i^]*s[i^]l"l[i^]n), n. [From
Penicillium, the fungus genus from which it was first
isolated.] (Chem.)
Any of a variety of substances having a structure containing
a beta-lactam ring fused to a thiirane ring, to which a
carboxyl group is attached, but most commonly interpreted as
benzyl penicillin. They are notable as powerful
antibacterial agents of relatively low toxicity which have
found extensive use in medicine for treating bacterial
infections. They are categorized as one of the classes of
beta-lactam antibiotic. They are produced naturally by some
fungi and bacteria, and industrial production processes
almost invariably start from some form of the penicillin
nucleus produced by fermentation of microorganisms. The
fermentation products are then chemically modified to produce
derivatives of enhanced potency, safety, or antibacterial
spectrum. The first penicillin to see extensive use
clinically (during World War II) was penicillin G, also
called benzypenicillin, and commonly simply "penicillin".
[PJC]
Note: [hand]The characteristic portion of the structure
characterizing a penicillin is the bicyclic structure
3,3-Dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicylo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic
acid. The different penicillins have varying acyl
groups forming an amide bond with a nitrogen attached
to the 6-carbon of this nucleus. This distinguishes it
from the other classes of beta-lactam antibiotic, the
cephalosporins, thienamycins and sulfazecin.
[PJC] |
Bettongia penicillata
(gcide) | Jerboa \Jer*bo"a\, n. [Ar. yarb[=u]`.] (Zool.)
Any small jumping rodent of the genus Dipus, esp. {Dipus
Aegyptius}, which is common in Egypt and the adjacent
countries. The jerboas have very long hind legs and a long
tail. [Written also gerboa.]
[1913 Webster]
Note: The name is also applied to other small jumping
rodents, as the Pedetes Caffer, of the Cape of Good
Hope.
[1913 Webster]
Jerboa kangaroo (Zool.), small Australian kangaroo
(Bettongia penicillata), about the size of a common
hare.
[1913 Webster] |
Cynictis penicillata
(gcide) | Meerkat \Meer"kat\ (m[=e]r"k[a^]t), n. [D.] (Zool.)
A South African carnivore (Suricata suricata, formerly
Cynictis penicillata), allied to the ichneumons, having a
lemurlike face and only four toes; called also {yellow
mongoose} and suricate. [Also spelled mierkat.]
[1913 Webster]
While his compatrioits scuffle about in the sand for
delicious scorpions or fat, tasty mice, one meerkat
stands alone, bolt upright on an exposed perch,
scanning for hawks with dark eyes wide, ready to call
out at the first sign of danger. Like other such guards
in the animal kingdom, these endearingly vulnerable
meerkat sentinels have long impressed biologists as
true altruists -- creatures willing to forgo food and
brave danger to protect others.
Now a study in the current Science suggests that these
beasts may not be such adorable heroes after all.
Researchers have discovered that meerkats abandon their
hunting to act as guards only when their bellies are
good and full. And they appear to do so, not as an act
of noble daring, but because by being the first to see
a predator, they can be sure of being the first down a
hole and out of harm's way. Standing guard, researchers
concluded, may be the safest thing to do once a meerkat
has had enough to eat.
. . .
Even the adorable meerkat may yet redeem itself as a
bit of an altruist. Although being a sentinel may
itself not entail great risk, it is hard to imagine a
selfish reason for their giving a shout of warning
before dashing for cover. . . . --Carol Kaesuk
Yoon (N. Y.
Times, June 8,
1999 p. F3)
[PJC] |
Penicillamine
(gcide) | Penicillamine \Pen`i*cil"lam*ine\, n. (Chem., Med.)
A substance (C5H11NO2S) which is a degradation product of
the penicillins. Chemically it is 3-mercapto-D-valine. It has
chelating properties and is used in medicine as an
antirheumatic and to chelate copper in cases of
hepatolenticular degeneration (Wilson's disease).
[PJC] |
Penicillaria spicata
(gcide) | Pearl \Pearl\, n. [OE. perle, F. perle, LL. perla, perula,
probably fr. (assumed) L. pirulo, dim. of L. pirum a pear.
See Pear, and cf. Purl to mantle.]
1. (Zool.) A shelly concretion, usually rounded, and having a
brilliant luster, with varying tints, found in the mantle,
or between the mantle and shell, of certain bivalve
mollusks, especially in the pearl oysters and river
mussels, and sometimes in certain univalves. It is usually
due to a secretion of shelly substance around some
irritating foreign particle. Its substance is the same as
nacre, or mother-of-pearl.
Note: Pearls which are round, or nearly round, and of fine
luster, are highly esteemed as jewels, and at one time
compared in value with the precious stones. Since
development of cultured pearls, the relative value has
diminished somewhat, though the best pearls are still
expensive, and natural pearls even more so. Artificial
pearls may be made of various materials, including
material similar to that of natural pearls; these are
less expensive than natural or cultured pearls. See
cultured pearl, below.
[1913 Webster +PJC]
2. Hence, figuratively, something resembling a pearl;
something very precious.
[1913 Webster]
I see thee compassed with thy kingdom's pearl.
--Shak.
[1913 Webster]
And those pearls of dew she wears. --Milton.
[1913 Webster]
3. Nacre, or mother-of-pearl.
[1913 Webster]
4. (Zool.) A fish allied to the turbot; the brill.
[1913 Webster]
5. (Zool.) A light-colored tern.
[1913 Webster]
6. (Zool.) One of the circle of tubercles which form the bur
on a deer's antler.
[1913 Webster]
7. A whitish speck or film on the eye. [Obs.] --Milton.
[1913 Webster]
8. A capsule of gelatin or similar substance containing some
liquid for medicinal application, as ether.
[1913 Webster]
9. (Print.) A size of type, between agate and diamond.
[1913 Webster]
Ground pearl. (Zool.) See under Ground.
Pearl barley, kernels of barley, ground so as to form
small, round grains.
Pearl diver, one who dives for pearl oysters.
Pearl edge, an edge of small loops on the side of some
kinds of ribbon; also, a narrow kind of thread edging to
be sewed on lace.
Pearl eye, cataract. [R.]
Pearl gray, a very pale and delicate blue-gray color.
Pearl millet, Egyptian millet (Penicillaria spicata).
Pearl moss. See Carrageen.
Pearl moth (Zool.), any moth of the genus Margaritia; --
so called on account of its pearly color.
Pearl oyster (Zool.), any one of several species of large
tropical marine bivalve mollusks of the genus
Meleagrina, or Margaritifera, found in the East Indies
(especially at Ceylon), in the Persian Gulf, on the coast
of Australia, and on the Pacific coast of America. Called
also pearl shell, and pearl mussel.
Pearl powder. See Pearl white, below.
Pearl sago, sago in the form of small pearly grains.
Pearl sinter (Min.), fiorite.
Pearl spar (Min.), a crystallized variety of dolomite,
having a pearly luster.
Pearl white.
(a) Basic bismuth nitrate, or bismuth subchloride; -- used
chiefly as a cosmetic.
(b) A variety of white lead blued with indigo or Berlin
blue.
cultured pearl, a pearl grown by a pearl oyster into which
a round pellet has been placed, to serve as the seed for
more predictable growth of the pearl. The pellet is
usually made from mother-of-pearl, and additional layers
of nacre are deposited onto the seed by the oyster. Such
pearls, being more easily obtained than natural pearls
from wild oysters, are less expensive.
[1913 Webster]millet \mil"let\ (m[i^]l"l[e^]t), n. [F., dim. of mil, L.
milium; akin to Gr. meli`nh, AS. mil.] (Bot.)
The name of several cereal and forage grasses which bear an
abundance of small roundish grains. The common millets of
Germany and Southern Europe are Panicum miliaceum, and
Setaria Italica.
Note:
Arabian millet is Sorghum Halepense.
Egyptian millet or
East Indian millet is Penicillaria spicata.
Indian millet is Sorghum vulgare. (See under Indian.)
Italian millet is Setaria Italica, a coarse, rank-growing
annual grass, valuable for fodder when cut young, and
bearing nutritive seeds; -- called also Hungarian grass.
Texas millet is Panicum Texanum.
Wild millet, or
Millet grass, is Milium effusum, a tall grass growing in
woods.
[1913 Webster] |
Penicillate
(gcide) | Penicillate \Pen`i*cil"late\, a. [Cf. F. p['e]nicill['e]. See
Penicil.] (Biol.)
Having the form of a pencil; furnished with a pencil of fine
hairs; ending in a tuft of hairs like a camel's-hair brush,
as the stigmas of some grasses.
[1913 Webster] |
Penicilliform
(gcide) | Penicilliform \Pen`i*cil"li*form\, a. (Bot.)
Penicillate.
[1913 Webster] |
penicillin
(gcide) | penicillin \pen`i*cil"lin\ (p[e^]n`[i^]*s[i^]l"l[i^]n), n. [From
Penicillium, the fungus genus from which it was first
isolated.] (Chem.)
Any of a variety of substances having a structure containing
a beta-lactam ring fused to a thiirane ring, to which a
carboxyl group is attached, but most commonly interpreted as
benzyl penicillin. They are notable as powerful
antibacterial agents of relatively low toxicity which have
found extensive use in medicine for treating bacterial
infections. They are categorized as one of the classes of
beta-lactam antibiotic. They are produced naturally by some
fungi and bacteria, and industrial production processes
almost invariably start from some form of the penicillin
nucleus produced by fermentation of microorganisms. The
fermentation products are then chemically modified to produce
derivatives of enhanced potency, safety, or antibacterial
spectrum. The first penicillin to see extensive use
clinically (during World War II) was penicillin G, also
called benzypenicillin, and commonly simply "penicillin".
[PJC]
Note: [hand]The characteristic portion of the structure
characterizing a penicillin is the bicyclic structure
3,3-Dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicylo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic
acid. The different penicillins have varying acyl
groups forming an amide bond with a nitrogen attached
to the 6-carbon of this nucleus. This distinguishes it
from the other classes of beta-lactam antibiotic, the
cephalosporins, thienamycins and sulfazecin.
[PJC]Lactam \Lac"tam\, n. [Lactone + amido.] (Chem.)
One of a series of anhydrides of an amido type, analogous to
the lactones, as oxindol; a cyclic amide.
[1913 Webster]
beta-lactam or [beta]-lactam,
(a) a lactam in which the amide bond is contained within a
four-membered ring, which includes the amide nitrogen and
the carbonyl carbon.
(b) an antibiotic containing a beta-lactam, such as a
penicillin, cephalosporin, or carbapenem; also
called a beta-lactam antibiotic. [informal, laboratory
slang]
[PJC] |
penicillin G
(gcide) | penicillin \pen`i*cil"lin\ (p[e^]n`[i^]*s[i^]l"l[i^]n), n. [From
Penicillium, the fungus genus from which it was first
isolated.] (Chem.)
Any of a variety of substances having a structure containing
a beta-lactam ring fused to a thiirane ring, to which a
carboxyl group is attached, but most commonly interpreted as
benzyl penicillin. They are notable as powerful
antibacterial agents of relatively low toxicity which have
found extensive use in medicine for treating bacterial
infections. They are categorized as one of the classes of
beta-lactam antibiotic. They are produced naturally by some
fungi and bacteria, and industrial production processes
almost invariably start from some form of the penicillin
nucleus produced by fermentation of microorganisms. The
fermentation products are then chemically modified to produce
derivatives of enhanced potency, safety, or antibacterial
spectrum. The first penicillin to see extensive use
clinically (during World War II) was penicillin G, also
called benzypenicillin, and commonly simply "penicillin".
[PJC]
Note: [hand]The characteristic portion of the structure
characterizing a penicillin is the bicyclic structure
3,3-Dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicylo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic
acid. The different penicillins have varying acyl
groups forming an amide bond with a nitrogen attached
to the 6-carbon of this nucleus. This distinguishes it
from the other classes of beta-lactam antibiotic, the
cephalosporins, thienamycins and sulfazecin.
[PJC] |
Penicillinase
(gcide) | Penicillinase \Pen`i*cil"lin*ase\, n. (Bioch.)
An enzyme which destroys the antibacterial activity of
penicillin by hydrolyzing the amide bond in the beta-lactam
ring. Many penicillinases are known, and are produced by a
wide variety of bacteria. The production of penicillinase is
one of the mechanisms by which bacteria may become resistant
to penicillins. Penicillinase production in various bacterial
species may be induced, i.e., it may occur only when
stimulated by the presence of penicillin in the culture
medium, or it may be constitutive, i.e., it may occur
whenever the cells are producing protein. Molecular weights
of the various penicillinases tend to cluster near 50,000.
[PJC] |
Petrogale penicillata
(gcide) | Petrogale \Pe*trog"a*le\ (p[-e]*tr[o^]g"[.a]*l[=e]), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. pe`tra a rock + galh^ a weasel.] (Zool.)
Any Australian kangaroo of the genus Petrogale, as the rock
wallaby (Petrogale penicillata).
[1913 Webster] |
Phascogale penicillata
(gcide) | Tapoa tafa \Ta*po"a ta"fa\ (Zool.)
A small carnivorous marsupial (Phascogale penicillata)
having long, soft fur, and a very long tail with a tuft of
long hairs at the end; -- called also {brush-tailed
phascogale}.
[1913 Webster] |
benzylpenicillin
(wn) | benzylpenicillin
n 1: the penicillin that constitutes the principal component of
many commercial antibiotics [syn: penicillin G,
benzylpenicillin] |
genus penicillium
(wn) | genus Penicillium
n 1: genus of fungi commonly growing as green or blue molds on
decaying food; used in making cheese and as a source of
penicillin [syn: Penicillium, genus Penicillium] |
penicillamine
(wn) | penicillamine
n 1: a drug (trade name Cuprimine) used to treat heavy metal
poisoning and Wilson's disease and severe arthritis [syn:
penicillamine, Cuprimine] |
penicillin
(wn) | penicillin
n 1: any of various antibiotics obtained from Penicillium molds
(or produced synthetically) and used in the treatment of
various infections and diseases |
penicillin f
(wn) | penicillin F
n 1: the first form of penicillin that was isolated in Great
Britain |
penicillin g
(wn) | penicillin G
n 1: the penicillin that constitutes the principal component of
many commercial antibiotics [syn: penicillin G,
benzylpenicillin] |
penicillin o
(wn) | penicillin O
n 1: a penicillin that is similar in antibiotic action to
penicillin G but is obtained differently |
penicillin v
(wn) | penicillin V
n 1: a crystalline penicillin similar in action to penicillin G
but more resistant to the action of gastric acids [syn:
penicillin V, phenoxymethyl penicillin] |
penicillin v potassium
(wn) | penicillin V potassium
n 1: a form of penicillin V (trade name Ledercillin VK) [syn:
penicillin V potassium, Ledercillin VK] |
penicillin-resistant
(wn) | penicillin-resistant
adj 1: unaffected by penicillin; "penicillin-resistant bacteria" |
penicillin-resistant bacteria
(wn) | penicillin-resistant bacteria
n 1: bacteria that are unaffected by penicillin |
penicillinase
(wn) | penicillinase
n 1: enzyme produced by certain bacteria that inactivates
penicillin and results in resistance to that antibiotic
[syn: penicillinase, beta-lactamase] |
penicillinase-resistant antibiotic
(wn) | penicillinase-resistant antibiotic
n 1: a form of penicillin that is not rendered inactive by
penicillinase |
penicillium
(wn) | Penicillium
n 1: genus of fungi commonly growing as green or blue molds on
decaying food; used in making cheese and as a source of
penicillin [syn: Penicillium, genus Penicillium] |
phenoxymethyl penicillin
(wn) | phenoxymethyl penicillin
n 1: a crystalline penicillin similar in action to penicillin G
but more resistant to the action of gastric acids [syn:
penicillin V, phenoxymethyl penicillin] |
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