| slovo | definícia |
quantity
(mass) | quantity
- množstvo |
quantity
(encz) | quantity,kvantita n: Zdeněk Brož |
quantity
(encz) | quantity,množství n: |
quantity
(encz) | quantity,počet n: Zdeněk Brož |
quantity
(encz) | quantity,velikost n: RNDr. Pavel Piskač |
Quantity
(gcide) | Quantity \Quan"ti*ty\, n.; pl. Quantities. [F. quantite, L.
quantitas, fr. quantus bow great, how much, akin to quam bow,
E. how, who. See Who.]
[1913 Webster]
1. The attribute of being so much, and not more or less; the
property of being measurable, or capable of increase and
decrease, multiplication and division; greatness; and more
concretely, that which answers the question "How much?";
measure in regard to bulk or amount; determinate or
comparative dimensions; measure; amount; bulk; extent;
size. Hence, in specific uses:
(a) (Logic) The extent or extension of a general
conception, that is, the number of species or
individuals to which it may be applied; also, its
content or comprehension, that is, the number of its
constituent qualities, attributes, or relations.
(b) (Gram.) The measure of a syllable; that which
determines the time in which it is pronounced; as, the
long or short quantity of a vowel or syllable.
(c) (Mus.) The relative duration of a tone.
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2. That which can be increased, diminished, or measured;
especially (Math.), anything to which mathematical
processes are applicable.
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Note: Quantity is discrete when it is applied to separate
objects, as in number; continuous, when the parts are
connected, either in succession, as in time, motion,
etc., or in extension, as by the dimensions of space,
viz., length, breadth, and thickness.
[1913 Webster]
3. A determinate or estimated amount; a sum or bulk; a
certain portion or part; sometimes, a considerable amount;
a large portion, bulk, or sum; as, a medicine taken in
quantities, that is, in large quantities.
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The quantity of extensive and curious information
which he had picked up during many months of
desultory, but not unprofitable, study. --Macaulay.
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Quantity of estate (Law), its time of continuance, or
degree of interest, as in fee, for life, or for years.
--Wharton (Law Dict. )
Quantity of matter, in a body, its mass, as determined by
its weight, or by its momentum under a given velocity.
Quantity of motion (Mech.), in a body, the relative amount
of its motion, as measured by its momentum, varying as the
product of mass and velocity.
Known quantities (Math.), quantities whose values are
given.
Unknown quantities (Math.), quantities whose values are
sought.
[1913 Webster] |
quantity
(wn) | quantity
n 1: how much there is or how many there are of something that
you can quantify [syn: measure, quantity, amount]
2: an adequate or large amount; "he had a quantity of
ammunition"
3: the concept that something has a magnitude and can be
represented in mathematical expressions by a constant or a
variable |
QUANTITY
(bouvier) | QUANTITY, pleading. That which is susceptible of measure.
2. It is a general rule that, when the declaration alleges an injury to
goods and chattels, or any contract relating to them, their quantity should
be stated. Gould on Pl. c. 4, Sec. 35. And in actions for the recovery of
real estate, the quantity of the land should be specified. Bract. 431, a; 11
Co. 25 b, 55 a; Doct. Pl. 85, 86; 1 East, R. 441; 8 East, R. 357; 13 East,
R. 102; Steph. Pl. 314, 315.
|
| | podobné slovo | definícia |
large quantity
(mass) | large quantity
- veľa |
quantity
(mass) | quantity
- množstvo |
average irrigation quantity
(encz) | average irrigation quantity,průměrné závlahové množství [eko.] RNDr.
Pavel Piskač |
complex quantity
(encz) | complex quantity, n: |
constant quantity
(encz) | constant quantity, n: |
crude quantity theory
(encz) | crude quantity theory,hrubá kvantitativní teorie [eko.] RNDr. Pavel
Piskač |
definite quantity
(encz) | definite quantity, n: |
fundamental quantity
(encz) | fundamental quantity, n: |
indefinite quantity
(encz) | indefinite quantity, n: |
large indefinite quantity
(encz) | large indefinite quantity, n: |
large quantity
(encz) | large quantity,masa large quantity,spousta |
numerical quantity
(encz) | numerical quantity, n: |
parametric quantity
(encz) | parametric quantity, n: |
prime quantity
(encz) | prime quantity, n: |
quantity
(encz) | quantity,kvantita n: Zdeněk Brožquantity,množství n: quantity,počet n: Zdeněk Brožquantity,velikost n: RNDr. Pavel Piskač |
quantity demanded
(encz) | quantity demanded,požadované množství [eko.] RNDr. Pavel Piskač |
quantity sensitivity
(encz) | quantity sensitivity, |
quantity supplied
(encz) | quantity supplied,nabízené množství [eko.] RNDr. Pavel Piskač |
quantity theory of money
(encz) | quantity theory of money, |
quantity unit
(encz) | quantity unit, n: |
relative quantity
(encz) | relative quantity, n: |
small indefinite quantity
(encz) | small indefinite quantity, n: |
unknown quantity
(encz) | unknown quantity, n: |
variable quantity
(encz) | variable quantity, n: |
quantity (množství)
(czen) | quantity (množství),qtyn: [zkr.] Adam Nohejl |
Arbitrary quantity
(gcide) | Arbitrary \Ar"bi*tra*ry\, a. [L. arbitrarius, fr. arbiter: cf.
F. arbitraire. See Arbiter.]
1. Depending on will or discretion; not governed by any fixed
rules; as, an arbitrary decision; an arbitrary punishment.
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It was wholly arbitrary in them to do so. --Jer.
Taylor.
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Rank pretends to fix the value of every one, and is
the most arbitrary of all things. --Landor.
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2. Exercised according to one's own will or caprice, and
therefore conveying a notion of a tendency to abuse the
possession of power.
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Arbitrary power is most easily established on the
ruins of liberty abused licentiousness.
--Washington.
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3. Despotic; absolute in power; bound by no law; harsh and
unforbearing; tyrannical; as, an arbitrary prince or
government. --Dryden.
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Arbitrary constant, Arbitrary function (Math.), a
quantity of function that is introduced into the solution
of a problem, and to which any value or form may at will
be given, so that the solution may be made to meet special
requirements.
Arbitrary quantity (Math.), one to which any value can be
assigned at pleasure.
[1913 Webster] |
Compound quantity
(gcide) | Compound \Com"pound\, a. [OE. compouned, p. p. of compounen. See
Compound, v. t.]
Composed of two or more elements, ingredients, parts;
produced by the union of several ingredients, parts, or
things; composite; as, a compound word.
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Compound substances are made up of two or more simple
substances. --I. Watts.
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Compound addition, subtraction, multiplication,
division (Arith.), the addition, subtraction, etc., of
compound numbers.
Compound crystal (Crystallog.), a twin crystal, or one
seeming to be made up of two or more crystals combined
according to regular laws of composition.
Compound engine (Mech.), a form of steam engine in which
the steam that has been used in a high-pressure cylinder
is made to do further service in a larger low-pressure
cylinder, sometimes in several larger cylinders,
successively.
Compound ether. (Chem.) See under Ether.
Compound flower (Bot.), a flower head resembling a single
flower, but really composed of several florets inclosed in
a common calyxlike involucre, as the sunflower or
dandelion.
Compound fraction. (Math.) See Fraction.
Compound fracture. See Fracture.
Compound householder, a householder who compounds or
arranges with his landlord that his rates shall be
included in his rents. [Eng.]
Compound interest. See Interest.
Compound larceny. (Law) See Larceny.
Compound leaf (Bot.), a leaf having two or more separate
blades or leaflets on a common leafstalk.
Compound microscope. See Microscope.
Compound motion. See Motion.
Compound number (Math.), one constructed according to a
varying scale of denomination; as, 3 cwt., 1 qr., 5 lb.;
-- called also denominate number.
Compound pier (Arch.), a clustered column.
Compound quantity (Alg.), a quantity composed of two or
more simple quantities or terms, connected by the sign +
(plus) or - (minus). Thus, a + b - c, and bb - b, are
compound quantities.
Compound radical. (Chem.) See Radical.
Compound ratio (Math.), the product of two or more ratios;
thus ab:cd is a ratio compounded of the simple ratios a:c
and b:d.
Compound rest (Mech.), the tool carriage of an engine
lathe.
Compound screw (Mech.), a screw having on the same axis two
or more screws with different pitch (a differential
screw), or running in different directions (a right and
left screw).
Compound time (Mus.), that in which two or more simple
measures are combined in one; as, 6-8 time is the joining
of two measures of 3-8 time.
Compound word, a word composed of two or more words;
specifically, two or more words joined together by a
hyphen.
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Concrete quantity
(gcide) | Concrete \Con"crete\ (? or ?), a. [L. concretus, p. p. of
concrescere to grow together; con- + crescere to grow; cf. F.
concret. See Crescent.]
1. United in growth; hence, formed by coalition of separate
particles into one mass; united in a solid form.
[1913 Webster]
The first concrete state, or consistent surface, of
the chaos must be of the same figure as the last
liquid state. --Bp. Burnet.
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2. (Logic)
(a) Standing for an object as it exists in nature,
invested with all its qualities, as distinguished from
standing for an attribute of an object; -- opposed to
abstract. Hence:
(b) Applied to a specific object; special; particular; --
opposed to general. See Abstract, 3.
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Concrete is opposed to abstract. The names of
individuals are concrete, those of classes
abstract. --J. S. Mill.
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Concrete terms, while they express the quality,
do also express, or imply, or refer to, some
subject to which it belongs. --I. Watts.
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Concrete number, a number associated with, or applied to, a
particular object, as three men, five days, etc., as
distinguished from an abstract number, or one used without
reference to a particular object.
Concrete quantity, a physical object or a collection of
such objects. --Davies & Peck.
Concrete science, a physical science, one having as its
subject of knowledge concrete things instead of abstract
laws.
Concrete sound or movement of the voice, one which slides
continuously up or down, as distinguished from a
discrete movement, in which the voice leaps at once from
one line of pitch to another. --Rush.
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Discrete quantity
(gcide) | Discrete \Dis*crete"\, a. [L. discretus, p. p. of discernere.
See Discreet.]
1. Separate; distinct; disjunct. --Sir M. Hale.
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2. Disjunctive; containing a disjunctive or discretive
clause; as, "I resign my life, but not my honor," is a
discrete proposition.
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3. (Bot.) Separate; not coalescent; -- said of things usually
coalescent.
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Discrete movement. See Concrete movement of the voice,
under Concrete, a.
Discrete proportion, proportion where the ratio of the
means is different from that of either couplet; as,
3:6::8:16, 3 bearing the same proportion to 6 as 8 does to
16. But 3 is not to 6 as 6 to 8. It is thus opposed to
continued or continual proportion; as, 3:6::12:24.
Discrete quantity, that which must be divided into units,
as number, and is opposed to continued quantity, as
duration, or extension.
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Disquantity
(gcide) | Disquantity \Dis*quan"ti*ty\, v. t.
To diminish the quantity of; to lessen. [Obs.] --Shak.
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Exponential quantity
(gcide) | Exponential \Ex`po*nen"tial\, a. [Cf. F. exponentiel.]
1. Pertaining to exponents; involving variable exponents; as,
an exponential expression; exponential calculus; an
exponential function.
[1913 Webster]
2. changing over time in an exponential manner, i. e.
increasing or decreasing by a fixed ratio for each unit of
time; as, exponential growth; exponential decay.
[PJC]
Note:
Exponential growth is characteristic of bacteria and other
living populations in circumstances where the conditions
of growth are favorable, and all required nutrients are
plentiful. For example, the bacterium Escherichia coli
in rich media may double in number every 20 minutes until
one of the nutrients becomes exhausted or waste products
begin to inhibit growth. Many fascinating thought
experiments are proposed on the theme of exponential
growth. One may calculate, for example how long it would
take the progeny of one Escherichia coli to equal the
mass of the known universe if it multiplied unimpeded at
such a rate. The answer, assuming the equivalent of
10^80 hydrogen atoms in the universe, is less than three
days. Exponential increases in a quantity can be
surprising, and this principle is often used by banks to
make investment at a certain rate of interest seem to be
very profitable over time.
Exponential decay is exhibited by decay of radioactive
materials and some chemical reactions (first order
reactions), in which one-half of the initial quantity of
radioactive element (or chemical substance) is lost for
each lapse of a characteristic time called the
half-life.
[PJC]
Exponential curve, a curve whose nature is defined by means
of an exponential equation.
Exponential equation, an equation which contains an
exponential quantity, or in which the unknown quantity
enters as an exponent.
Exponential quantity (Math.), a quantity whose exponent is
unknown or variable, as a^x.
Exponential series, a series derived from the development
of exponential equations or quantities.
[1913 Webster] |
Imaginary quantity
(gcide) | Imaginary \Im*ag"i*na*ry\, a. [L. imaginarius: cf. F.
imaginaire.]
Existing only in imagination or fancy; not real; fancied;
visionary; ideal.
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Wilt thou add to all the griefs I suffer
Imaginary ills and fancied tortures? --Addison.
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Imaginary calculus See under Calculus.
Imaginary expression or Imaginary quantity (Alg.), an
algebraic expression which involves the impossible
operation of taking the square root of a negative
quantity; as, [root]-9, a + b [root]-1.
Imaginary points, lines, surfaces, etc. (Geom.),
points, lines, surfaces, etc., imagined to exist, although
by reason of certain changes of a figure they have in fact
ceased to have a real existence.
Syn: Ideal; fanciful; chimerical; visionary; fancied; unreal;
illusive.
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Impossible quantity
(gcide) | Impossible \Im*pos"si*ble\, a. [F., fr. L. impossibilis; pref.
im- not + possibilis possible. See Possible.]
Not possible; incapable of being done, of existing, etc.;
unattainable in the nature of things, or by means at command;
insuperably difficult under the circumstances; absurd or
impracticable; not feasible.
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With men this is impossible; but with God all things
are possible. --Matt. xix.
26.
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Without faith it is impossible to please him. --Heb.
xi. 6.
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Impossible quantity (Math.), an imaginary quantity. See
Imaginary.
Syn: See Impracticable.
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Indeterminate quantity
(gcide) | Indeterminate \In`de*ter"mi*nate\, a. [L. indeterminatus.]
Not determinate; not certain or fixed; indefinite; not
precise; as, an indeterminate number of years. --Paley.
[1913 Webster]
Indeterminate analysis (Math.), that branch of analysis
which has for its object the solution of indeterminate
problems.
Indeterminate coefficients (Math.), coefficients
arbitrarily assumed for convenience of calculation, or to
facilitate some artifice of analysis. Their values are
subsequently determined.
Indeterminate equation (Math.), an equation in which the
unknown quantities admit of an infinite number of values,
or sets of values. A group of equations is indeterminate
when it contains more unknown quantities than there are
equations.
Indeterminate inflorescence (Bot.), a mode of inflorescence
in which the flowers all arise from axillary buds, the
terminal bud going on to grow and sometimes continuing the
stem indefinitely; -- called also {acropetal
inflorescence}, botryose inflorescence, {centripetal
inflorescence}, and indefinite inflorescence. --Gray.
Indeterminate problem (Math.), a problem which admits of an
infinite number of solutions, or one in which there are
fewer imposed conditions than there are unknown or
required results.
Indeterminate quantity (Math.), a quantity which has no
fixed value, but which may be varied in accordance with
any proposed condition.
Indeterminate series (Math.), a series whose terms proceed
by the powers of an indeterminate quantity, sometimes also
with indeterminate exponents, or indeterminate
coefficients. -- In`de*ter"mi*nate*ly adv. --
In`de*ter"mi*nate*ness, n.
[1913 Webster] |
Negative quantity
(gcide) | Negative \Neg"a*tive\ (n[e^]g"[.a]*t[i^]v), a. [F. n['e]gatif,
L. negativus, fr. negare to deny. See Negation.]
1. Denying; implying, containing, or asserting denial,
negation or refusal; returning the answer no to an inquiry
or request; refusing assent; as, a negative answer; a
negative opinion; -- opposed to affirmative.
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If thou wilt confess,
Or else be impudently negative. --Shak.
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Denying me any power of a negative voice. --Eikon
Basilike.
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Something between an affirmative bow and a negative
shake. --Dickens.
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2. Not positive; without affirmative statement or
demonstration; indirect; consisting in the absence of
something; privative; as, a negative argument; negative
evidence; a negative morality; negative criticism.
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There in another way of denying Christ, . . . which
is negative, when we do not acknowledge and confess
him. --South.
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3. (Logic) Asserting absence of connection between a subject
and a predicate; as, a negative proposition.
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4. (Photog.) Of or pertaining to a picture upon glass or
other material, in which the lights and shades of the
original, and the relations of right and left, are
reversed.
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5. (Chem.) Metalloidal; nonmetallic; -- contrasted with
positive or basic; as, the nitro group is negative.
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Note: This word, derived from electro-negative, is now
commonly used in a more general sense, when acidiferous
is the intended signification.
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Negative crystal.
(a) A cavity in a mineral mass, having the form of a
crystal.
(b) A crystal which has the power of negative double
refraction. See refraction.
negative electricity (Elec.), the kind of electricity which
is developed upon resin or ebonite when rubbed, or which
appears at that pole of a voltaic battery which is
connected with the plate most attacked by the exciting
liquid; -- formerly called resinous electricity. Opposed
to positive electricity. Formerly, according to
Franklin's theory of a single electric fluid, negative
electricity was supposed to be electricity in a degree
below saturation, or the natural amount for a given body.
See Electricity.
Negative eyepiece. (Opt.) see under Eyepiece.
Negative quantity (Alg.), a quantity preceded by the
negative sign, or which stands in the relation indicated
by this sign to some other quantity. See Negative sign
(below).
Negative rotation, right-handed rotation. See
Right-handed, 3.
Negative sign, the sign -, or minus (opposed in
signification to +, or plus), indicating that the
quantity to which it is prefixed is to be subtracted from
the preceding quantity, or is to be reckoned from zero or
cipher in the opposite direction to that of quanties
having the sign plus either expressed or understood; thus,
in a - b, b is to be substracted from a, or regarded as
opposite to it in value; and -10[deg] on a thermometer
means 10[deg] below the zero of the scale.
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Positive quantity
(gcide) | Positive \Pos"i*tive\, a. [OE. positif, F. positif, L.
positivus. See Position.]
1. Having a real position, existence, or energy; existing in
fact; real; actual; -- opposed to negative. "Positive
good." --Bacon.
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2. Derived from an object by itself; not dependent on
changing circumstances or relations; absolute; -- opposed
to relative; as, the idea of beauty is not positive, but
depends on the different tastes individuals.
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3. Definitely laid down; explicitly stated; clearly
expressed; -- opposed to implied; as, a positive
declaration or promise.
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Positive words, that he would not bear arms against
King Edward's son. --Bacon.
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4. Hence: Not admitting of any doubt, condition,
qualification, or discretion; not dependent on
circumstances or probabilities; not speculative;
compelling assent or obedience; peremptory; indisputable;
decisive; as, positive instructions; positive truth;
positive proof. "'T is positive 'gainst all exceptions."
--Shak.
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5. Prescribed by express enactment or institution; settled by
arbitrary appointment; said of laws.
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In laws, that which is natural bindeth universally;
that which is positive, not so. --Hooker.
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6. Fully assured; confident; certain; sometimes,
overconfident; dogmatic; overbearing; -- said of persons.
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Some positive, persisting fops we know,
That, if once wrong, will needs be always. --Pope.
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7. Having the power of direct action or influence; as, a
positive voice in legislation. --Swift.
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8. (Photog.) Corresponding with the original in respect to
the position of lights and shades, instead of having the
lights and shades reversed; as, a positive picture.
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9. (Chem.)
(a) Electro-positive.
(b) Hence, basic; metallic; not acid; -- opposed to
negative, and said of metals, bases, and basic
radicals.
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10. (Mach. & Mech.)
(a) Designating, or pertaining to, a motion or device in
which the movement derived from a driver, or the grip
or hold of a restraining piece, is communicated
through an unyielding intermediate piece or pieces;
as, a claw clutch is a positive clutch, while a
friction clutch is not.
(b) Designating, or pertaining to, a device giving a
to-and-fro motion; as, a positive dobby.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.]
11. (Vehicles) Designating a method of steering or turning in
which the steering wheels move so that they describe
concentric arcs in making a turn, to insure freedom from
side slip or harmful resistance.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Positive crystals (Opt.), a doubly refracting crystal in
which the index of refraction for the extraordinary ray is
greater than for the ordinary ray, and the former is
refracted nearer to the axis than the latter, as quartz
and ice; -- opposed to negative crystal, or one in which
this characteristic is reversed, as Iceland spar,
tourmaline, etc.
Positive degree (Gram.), that state of an adjective or
adverb which denotes simple quality, without comparison or
relation to increase or diminution; as, wise, noble.
Positive electricity (Elec), the kind of electricity which
is developed when glass is rubbed with silk, or which
appears at that pole of a voltaic battery attached to the
plate that is not attacked by the exciting liquid; --
formerly called vitreous electricity; -- opposed to
negative electricity.
Positive eyepiece. See under Eyepiece.
Positive law. See Municipal law, under Law.
Positive motion (Mach.), motion which is derived from a
driver through unyielding intermediate pieces, or by
direct contact, and not through elastic connections, nor
by means of friction, gravity, etc.; definite motion.
Positive philosophy. See Positivism.
Positive pole.
(a) (Elec.) The pole of a battery or pile which yields
positive or vitreous electricity; -- opposed to
negative pole.
(b) (Magnetism) The north pole. [R.]
Positive quantity (Alg.), an affirmative quantity, or one
affected by the sign plus [+].
Positive rotation (Mech.), left-handed rotation.
Positive sign (Math.), the sign [+] denoting plus, or more,
or addition.
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Quantity of action
(gcide) | Action \Ac"tion\, n. [OF. action, L. actio, fr. agere to do. See
Act.]
1. A process or condition of acting or moving, as opposed to
rest; the doing of something; exertion of power or force,
as when one body acts on another; the effect of power
exerted on one body by another; agency; activity;
operation; as, the action of heat; a man of action.
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One wise in council, one in action brave. --Pope.
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2. An act; a thing done; a deed; an enterprise. (pl.):
Habitual deeds; hence, conduct; behavior; demeanor.
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The Lord is a Good of knowledge, and by him actions
are weighed. --1 Sam. ii.
3.
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3. The event or connected series of events, either real or
imaginary, forming the subject of a play, poem, or other
composition; the unfolding of the drama of events.
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4. Movement; as, the horse has a spirited action.
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5. (Mech.) Effective motion; also, mechanism; as, the breech
action of a gun.
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6. (Physiol.) Any one of the active processes going on in an
organism; the performance of a function; as, the action of
the heart, the muscles, or the gastric juice.
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7. (Orat.) Gesticulation; the external deportment of the
speaker, or the suiting of his attitude, voice, gestures,
and countenance, to the subject, or to the feelings.
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8. (Paint. & Sculp.) The attitude or position of the several
parts of the body as expressive of the sentiment or
passion depicted.
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9. (Law)
(a) A suit or process, by which a demand is made of a
right in a court of justice; in a broad sense, a
judicial proceeding for the enforcement or protection
of a right, the redress or prevention of a wrong, or
the punishment of a public offense.
(b) A right of action; as, the law gives an action for
every claim.
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10. (Com.) A share in the capital stock of a joint-stock
company, or in the public funds; hence, in the plural,
equivalent to stocks. [A Gallicism] [Obs.]
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The Euripus of funds and actions. --Burke.
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11. An engagement between troops in war, whether on land or
water; a battle; a fight; as, a general action, a partial
action.
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12. (Music) The mechanical contrivance by means of which the
impulse of the player's finger is transmitted to the
strings of a pianoforte or to the valve of an organ pipe.
--Grove.
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Chose in action. (Law) See Chose.
Quantity of action (Physics), the product of the mass of a
body by the space it runs through, and its velocity.
[1913 Webster]
Syn: Action, Act.
Usage: In many cases action and act are synonymous; but some
distinction is observable. Action involves the mode or
process of acting, and is usually viewed as occupying
some time in doing. Act has more reference to the
effect, or the operation as complete.
To poke the fire is an act, to reconcile friends
who have quarreled is a praiseworthy action.
--C. J. Smith.
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Quantity of estate
(gcide) | Quantity \Quan"ti*ty\, n.; pl. Quantities. [F. quantite, L.
quantitas, fr. quantus bow great, how much, akin to quam bow,
E. how, who. See Who.]
[1913 Webster]
1. The attribute of being so much, and not more or less; the
property of being measurable, or capable of increase and
decrease, multiplication and division; greatness; and more
concretely, that which answers the question "How much?";
measure in regard to bulk or amount; determinate or
comparative dimensions; measure; amount; bulk; extent;
size. Hence, in specific uses:
(a) (Logic) The extent or extension of a general
conception, that is, the number of species or
individuals to which it may be applied; also, its
content or comprehension, that is, the number of its
constituent qualities, attributes, or relations.
(b) (Gram.) The measure of a syllable; that which
determines the time in which it is pronounced; as, the
long or short quantity of a vowel or syllable.
(c) (Mus.) The relative duration of a tone.
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2. That which can be increased, diminished, or measured;
especially (Math.), anything to which mathematical
processes are applicable.
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Note: Quantity is discrete when it is applied to separate
objects, as in number; continuous, when the parts are
connected, either in succession, as in time, motion,
etc., or in extension, as by the dimensions of space,
viz., length, breadth, and thickness.
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3. A determinate or estimated amount; a sum or bulk; a
certain portion or part; sometimes, a considerable amount;
a large portion, bulk, or sum; as, a medicine taken in
quantities, that is, in large quantities.
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The quantity of extensive and curious information
which he had picked up during many months of
desultory, but not unprofitable, study. --Macaulay.
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Quantity of estate (Law), its time of continuance, or
degree of interest, as in fee, for life, or for years.
--Wharton (Law Dict. )
Quantity of matter, in a body, its mass, as determined by
its weight, or by its momentum under a given velocity.
Quantity of motion (Mech.), in a body, the relative amount
of its motion, as measured by its momentum, varying as the
product of mass and velocity.
Known quantities (Math.), quantities whose values are
given.
Unknown quantities (Math.), quantities whose values are
sought.
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Quantity of matter
(gcide) | Quantity \Quan"ti*ty\, n.; pl. Quantities. [F. quantite, L.
quantitas, fr. quantus bow great, how much, akin to quam bow,
E. how, who. See Who.]
[1913 Webster]
1. The attribute of being so much, and not more or less; the
property of being measurable, or capable of increase and
decrease, multiplication and division; greatness; and more
concretely, that which answers the question "How much?";
measure in regard to bulk or amount; determinate or
comparative dimensions; measure; amount; bulk; extent;
size. Hence, in specific uses:
(a) (Logic) The extent or extension of a general
conception, that is, the number of species or
individuals to which it may be applied; also, its
content or comprehension, that is, the number of its
constituent qualities, attributes, or relations.
(b) (Gram.) The measure of a syllable; that which
determines the time in which it is pronounced; as, the
long or short quantity of a vowel or syllable.
(c) (Mus.) The relative duration of a tone.
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2. That which can be increased, diminished, or measured;
especially (Math.), anything to which mathematical
processes are applicable.
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Note: Quantity is discrete when it is applied to separate
objects, as in number; continuous, when the parts are
connected, either in succession, as in time, motion,
etc., or in extension, as by the dimensions of space,
viz., length, breadth, and thickness.
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3. A determinate or estimated amount; a sum or bulk; a
certain portion or part; sometimes, a considerable amount;
a large portion, bulk, or sum; as, a medicine taken in
quantities, that is, in large quantities.
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The quantity of extensive and curious information
which he had picked up during many months of
desultory, but not unprofitable, study. --Macaulay.
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Quantity of estate (Law), its time of continuance, or
degree of interest, as in fee, for life, or for years.
--Wharton (Law Dict. )
Quantity of matter, in a body, its mass, as determined by
its weight, or by its momentum under a given velocity.
Quantity of motion (Mech.), in a body, the relative amount
of its motion, as measured by its momentum, varying as the
product of mass and velocity.
Known quantities (Math.), quantities whose values are
given.
Unknown quantities (Math.), quantities whose values are
sought.
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Quantity of motion
(gcide) | Quantity \Quan"ti*ty\, n.; pl. Quantities. [F. quantite, L.
quantitas, fr. quantus bow great, how much, akin to quam bow,
E. how, who. See Who.]
[1913 Webster]
1. The attribute of being so much, and not more or less; the
property of being measurable, or capable of increase and
decrease, multiplication and division; greatness; and more
concretely, that which answers the question "How much?";
measure in regard to bulk or amount; determinate or
comparative dimensions; measure; amount; bulk; extent;
size. Hence, in specific uses:
(a) (Logic) The extent or extension of a general
conception, that is, the number of species or
individuals to which it may be applied; also, its
content or comprehension, that is, the number of its
constituent qualities, attributes, or relations.
(b) (Gram.) The measure of a syllable; that which
determines the time in which it is pronounced; as, the
long or short quantity of a vowel or syllable.
(c) (Mus.) The relative duration of a tone.
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2. That which can be increased, diminished, or measured;
especially (Math.), anything to which mathematical
processes are applicable.
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Note: Quantity is discrete when it is applied to separate
objects, as in number; continuous, when the parts are
connected, either in succession, as in time, motion,
etc., or in extension, as by the dimensions of space,
viz., length, breadth, and thickness.
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3. A determinate or estimated amount; a sum or bulk; a
certain portion or part; sometimes, a considerable amount;
a large portion, bulk, or sum; as, a medicine taken in
quantities, that is, in large quantities.
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The quantity of extensive and curious information
which he had picked up during many months of
desultory, but not unprofitable, study. --Macaulay.
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Quantity of estate (Law), its time of continuance, or
degree of interest, as in fee, for life, or for years.
--Wharton (Law Dict. )
Quantity of matter, in a body, its mass, as determined by
its weight, or by its momentum under a given velocity.
Quantity of motion (Mech.), in a body, the relative amount
of its motion, as measured by its momentum, varying as the
product of mass and velocity.
Known quantities (Math.), quantities whose values are
given.
Unknown quantities (Math.), quantities whose values are
sought.
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Radical quantity
(gcide) | Radical \Rad"i*cal\ (r[a^]d"[i^]*kal), a. [F., fr. L. radicalis
having roots, fr. radix, -icis, a root. See Radix.]
1. Of or pertaining to the root; proceeding directly from the
root.
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2. Hence: Of or pertaining to the root or origin; reaching to
the center, to the foundation, to the ultimate sources, to
the principles, or the like; original; fundamental;
thorough-going; unsparing; extreme; as, radical evils;
radical reform; a radical party.
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The most determined exertions of that authority,
against them, only showed their radical
independence. --Burke.
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3. (Bot.)
(a) Belonging to, or proceeding from, the root of a plant;
as, radical tubers or hairs.
(b) Proceeding from a rootlike stem, or one which does not
rise above the ground; as, the radical leaves of the
dandelion and the sidesaddle flower.
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4. (Philol.) Relating, or belonging, to the root, or ultimate
source of derivation; as, a radical verbal form.
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5. (Math.) Of or pertaining to a radix or root; as, a radical
quantity; a radical sign. See below.
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Radical axis of two circles. (Geom.) See under Axis.
Radical pitch, the pitch or tone with which the utterance
of a syllable begins. --Rush.
Radical quantity (Alg.), a quantity to which the radical
sign is prefixed; specifically, a quantity which is not a
perfect power of the degree indicated by the radical sign;
a surd.
Radical sign (Math.), the sign [root] (originally the
letter r, the initial of radix, root), placed before any
quantity, denoting that its root is to be extracted; thus,
[root]a, or [root](a + b). To indicate any other than the
square root, a corresponding figure is placed over the
sign; thus, [cuberoot]a, indicates the third or cube root
of a.
Radical stress (Elocution), force of utterance falling on
the initial part of a syllable or sound.
Radical vessels (Anat.), minute vessels which originate in
the substance of the tissues.
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Syn: Primitive; original; natural; underived; fundamental;
entire.
Usage: Radical, Entire. These words are frequently
employed as interchangeable in describing some marked
alteration in the condition of things. There is,
however, an obvious difference between them. A radical
cure, reform, etc., is one which goes to the root of
the thing in question; and it is entire, in the sense
that, by affecting the root, it affects in an
appropriate degree the entire body nourished by the
root; but it may not be entire in the sense of making
a change complete in its nature, as well as in its
extent. Hence, we speak of a radical change; a radical
improvement; radical differences of opinion; while an
entire change, an entire improvement, an entire
difference of opinion, might indicate more than was
actually intended. A certain change may be both
radical and entire, in every sense.
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Rational quantity
(gcide) | Rational \Ra"tion*al\ (r[a^]sh"[u^]n*al), a. [L. rationalis: cf.
F. rationnel. See Ratio, Reason, and cf. Rationale.]
1. Relating to the reason; not physical; mental.
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Moral philosophy was his chiefest end; for the
rational, the natural, and mathematics . . . were
but simple pastimes in comparison of the other.
--Sir T.
North.
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2. Having reason, or the faculty of reasoning; endowed with
reason or understanding; reasoning.
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It is our glory and happiness to have a rational
nature. --Law.
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3. Agreeable to reason; not absurd, preposterous,
extravagant, foolish, fanciful, or the like; wise;
judicious; as, rational conduct; a rational man.
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4. (Chem.) Expressing the type, structure, relations, and
reactions of a compound; graphic; -- said of formulae. See
under Formula.
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Rational horizon. (Astron.) See Horizon, 2
(b) .
Rational quantity (Alg.), one that can be expressed without
the use of a radical sign, or in exact parts of unity; --
opposed to irrational or radical quantity.
Rational symptom (Med.), one elicited by the statements of
the patient himself and not as the result of a physical
examination.
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Syn: Sane; sound; intelligent; reasonable; sensible; wise;
discreet; judicious.
Usage: Rational, reasonable. Rational has reference to
reason as a faculty of the mind, and is opposed to
irrational; as, a rational being, a rational state of
mind, rational views, etc. In these cases the
speculative reason is more particularly, referred to.
Reasonable has reference to the exercise of this
faculty for practical purposes, and means, governed or
directed by reason; as, reasonable desires or plans; a
reasonable charge; a reasonable prospect of success.
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What higher in her society thou find'st
Attractive, human, rational, love still.
--Milton.
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A law may be reasonable in itself, although a
man does not allow it, or does not know the
reason of the lawgivers. --Swift.
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Residual quantity
(gcide) | Residual \Re*sid"u*al\ (r?-z?d"?-al), a. [See Residue.]
Pertaining to a residue; remaining after a part is taken.
[1913 Webster]
Residual air (Physiol.), that portion of air contained in
the lungs which can not be expelled even by the most
violent expiratory effort. It amounts to from 75 to 100
cubic inches. Cf. Supplemental air, under
Supplemental.
Residual error. (Mensuration) See Error, 6
(b) .
Residual figure (Geom.), the figure which remains after a
less figure has been taken from a greater one.
Residual magnetism (Physics), remanent magnetism. See under
Remanent.
Residual product, a by product, as cotton waste from a
cotton mill, coke and coal tar from gas works, etc.
Residual quantity (Alg.), a binomial quantity the two parts
of which are connected by the negative sign, as a-b.
Residual root (Alg.), the root of a residual quantity, as
[root](a-b).
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Square root of a quantity
(gcide) | Square \Square\ (skw[^a]r), a.
1. (Geom.) Having four equal sides and four right angles; as,
a square figure.
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2. Forming a right angle; as, a square corner.
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3. Having a shape broad for the height, with rectilineal and
angular rather than curving outlines; as, a man of a
square frame.
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4. Exactly suitable or correspondent; true; just.
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She's a most triumphant lady, if report be square to
her. --Shak.
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5. Rendering equal justice; exact; fair; honest; as, square
dealing.
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6. Even; leaving no balance; as, to make or leave the
accounts square.
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7. Leaving nothing; hearty; vigorous.
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By Heaven, square eaters.
More meat, I say. --Beau. & Fl.
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8. (Naut.) At right angles with the mast or the keel, and
parallel to the horizon; -- said of the yards of a
square-rigged vessel when they are so braced.
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Note: Square is often used in self-explaining compounds or
combinations, as in square-built, square-cornered,
square-cut, square-nosed, etc.
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Square foot, an area equal to that of a square the sides of
which are twelve inches; 144 square inches.
Square knot, a knot in which the terminal and standing
parts are parallel to each other; a reef knot. See Illust.
under Knot.
Square measure, the measure of a superficies or surface
which depends on the length and breadth taken conjointly.
The units of square measure are squares whose sides are
the linear measures; as, square inches, square feet,
square meters, etc.
Square number. See Square, n., 6.
Square root of a number or Square root of a quantity
(Math.), that number or quantity which, multiplied by
itself, produces the given number or quantity.
Square sail (Naut.), a four-sided sail extended upon a yard
suspended by the middle; sometimes, the foresail of a
schooner set upon a yard; also, a cutter's or sloop's sail
boomed out. See Illust. of Sail.
Square stern (Naut.), a stern having a transom and joining
the counter timbers at an angle, as distinguished from a
round stern, which has no transom.
Three-square, Five-square, etc., having three, five,
etc., equal sides; as, a three-square file.
To get square with, to get even with; to pay off. [Colloq.]
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Variable quantity
(gcide) | Variable \Va"ri*a*ble\, a. [L. variabilis: cf. F. variable.]
1. Having the capacity of varying or changing; capable of
alternation in any manner; changeable; as, variable winds
or seasons; a variable quantity.
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2. Liable to vary; too susceptible of change; mutable;
fickle; unsteady; inconstant; as, the affections of men
are variable; passions are variable.
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Lest that thy love prove likewise variable. --Shak.
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His heart, I know, how variable and vain! --Milton.
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Variable exhaust (Steam Eng.), a blast pipe with an
adjustable opening.
Variable quantity (Math.), a variable.
Variable-rate mortgage (Finance), a mortgage whose
percentage interest rate varies depending on some agreed
standard, such as the prime rate; -- used often in
financing the purchase of a home. Such a mortgage usually
has a lower initial interest rate than a {fixed-rate
mortgage}, and this permits buyers of a home to finance
the purchase a house of higher price than would be
possible with a fixed-rate loan.
Variable stars (Astron.), fixed stars which vary in their
brightness, usually in more or less uniform periods.
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Syn: Changeable; mutable; fickle; wavering; unsteady;
versatile; inconstant.
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complex quantity
(wn) | complex quantity
n 1: (mathematics) a number of the form a+bi where a and b are
real numbers and i is the square root of -1 [syn: {complex
number}, complex quantity, imaginary number,
imaginary] |
constant quantity
(wn) | constant quantity
n 1: a quantity that does not vary [syn: constant, {constant
quantity}, invariable] |
definite quantity
(wn) | definite quantity
n 1: a specific measure of amount |
fundamental quantity
(wn) | fundamental quantity
n 1: one of the four quantities that are the basis of systems of
measurement [syn: fundamental quantity, {fundamental
measure}] |
indefinite quantity
(wn) | indefinite quantity
n 1: an estimated quantity |
large indefinite quantity
(wn) | large indefinite quantity
n 1: an indefinite quantity that is above the average in size or
magnitude [syn: large indefinite quantity, {large
indefinite amount}] |
numerical quantity
(wn) | numerical quantity
n 1: a quantity expressed as a number |
parametric quantity
(wn) | parametric quantity
n 1: a constant in the equation of a curve that can be varied to
yield a family of similar curves [syn: parameter,
parametric quantity] |
prime quantity
(wn) | prime quantity
n 1: a number that has no factor but itself and 1 [syn: prime,
prime quantity] |
quantity
(wn) | quantity
n 1: how much there is or how many there are of something that
you can quantify [syn: measure, quantity, amount]
2: an adequate or large amount; "he had a quantity of
ammunition"
3: the concept that something has a magnitude and can be
represented in mathematical expressions by a constant or a
variable |
quantity unit
(wn) | quantity unit
n 1: a measure of the quantity of electricity (determined by the
amount of an electric current and the time for which it
flows) [syn: charge unit, quantity unit] |
relative quantity
(wn) | relative quantity
n 1: a quantity relative to some purpose |
small indefinite quantity
(wn) | small indefinite quantity
n 1: an indefinite quantity that is below average size or
magnitude [syn: small indefinite quantity, {small
indefinite amount}] |
unknown quantity
(wn) | unknown quantity
n 1: a factor in a given situation whose bearing and importance
is not apparent; "I don't know what the new man will do;
he's still an unknown quantity"
2: a variable whose values are solutions of an equation [syn:
unknown, unknown quantity] |
variable quantity
(wn) | variable quantity
n 1: a quantity that can assume any of a set of values [syn:
variable, variable quantity] |
QUANTITY
(bouvier) | QUANTITY, pleading. That which is susceptible of measure.
2. It is a general rule that, when the declaration alleges an injury to
goods and chattels, or any contract relating to them, their quantity should
be stated. Gould on Pl. c. 4, Sec. 35. And in actions for the recovery of
real estate, the quantity of the land should be specified. Bract. 431, a; 11
Co. 25 b, 55 a; Doct. Pl. 85, 86; 1 East, R. 441; 8 East, R. 357; 13 East,
R. 102; Steph. Pl. 314, 315.
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