| podobné slovo | definícia |
communications intelligence
(encz) | communications intelligence, n: |
communications protocol
(encz) | communications protocol, n: |
communications satellite
(encz) | communications satellite, n: |
communications technology
(encz) | communications technology, n: |
digital communications technology
(encz) | digital communications technology, n: |
federal communications commission
(encz) | Federal Communications Commission, [zkr.] |
marital communications privilege
(encz) | marital communications privilege, n: |
news and external communications division
(encz) | News and External Communications Division, |
telecommunications
(encz) | telecommunications,telekomunikace pl. Zdeněk Brož |
military satellite communications
(czen) | Military Satellite Communications,MILSATCOM[zkr.] [voj.] Zdeněk Brož a
automatický překlad |
satellite communications
(czen) | Satellite Communications,SATCOM[zkr.] [voj.] Zdeněk Brož a automatický
překlad |
theater deployable communications
(czen) | Theater Deployable Communications,TDC[zkr.] [voj.] Zdeněk Brož a
automatický překlad |
tri-service tactical communications
(czen) | Tri-Service Tactical Communications,TriTAC[zkr.] [voj.] Zdeněk Brož a
automatický překlad |
communications intelligence
(gcide) | COMINT \COMINT\ n.
an abbreviation for communications intelligence; technical
and intelligence information derived from foreign
communications by other than the intended recipients.
Syn: communications intelligence.
[WordNet 1.5] |
communications intelligence
(wn) | communications intelligence
n 1: technical and intelligence information derived from foreign
communications by other than the intended recipients [syn:
communications intelligence, COMINT] |
communications protocol
(wn) | communications protocol
n 1: (computer science) rules determining the format and
transmission of data [syn: protocol, {communications
protocol}] |
communications satellite
(wn) | communications satellite
n 1: an artificial satellite that relays signals back to earth;
moves in a geostationary orbit |
communications security establishment
(wn) | Communications Security Establishment
n 1: Canadian agency that gathers communications intelligence
and assist law enforcement and security agencies [syn:
Communications Security Establishment, CSE] |
communications technology
(wn) | communications technology
n 1: the activity of designing and constructing and maintaining
communication systems |
digital communications technology
(wn) | digital communications technology
n 1: the design and construction of communications technology
that transmits information in digital form |
federal communications commission
(wn) | Federal Communications Commission
n 1: an independent government agency that regulates interstate
and international communications by radio and television
and wire and cable and satellite [syn: {Federal
Communications Commission}, FCC] |
marital communications privilege
(wn) | marital communications privilege
n 1: neither spouse can divulge confidential communications from
the other while they were married [syn: {marital
communications privilege}, husband-wife privilege] |
advanced communications function
(foldoc) | Advanced Communications Function
ACF
(ACF) A group of IBM SNA products that
provide distributed processing and resource sharing such as
VTAM and NCP.
[Communication or Communications?]
(1997-05-07)
|
advanced data communications control protocol
(foldoc) | Advanced Data Communications Control Protocol
ADCCP
An ANSI standard bit-oriented data link
control protocol.
(1997-05-07)
|
advanced program-to-program communications
(foldoc) | Advanced Program-to-Program Communications
APPC
(APPC) An implementation of the IBM
SNA/SDLC LU6.2 protocol that allows interconnected
systems to communicate and share the processing of programs.
(1995-02-03)
|
association for progressive communications
(foldoc) | Association for Progressive Communications
APC
(APC) A world-wide organisation of
like-minded computer networks providing a global
communications network dedicated to the free and balanced flow
of information.
The APC defends and promotes non-commercial, productive online
space for NGOs (Non-Governmental Organisations) and
collaborates with like-minded organisations to ensure that the
information and communication needs of civil society are
considered in telecommunications, donor and investment policy.
A few of APC's partner organisations include The {Institute
for Global Communications} (USA), GreenNet (UK), Nicarao
(Nicaragua) Enda-Tiers Monde (Senegal) and GlasNet (Ukraine).
These organisations serve people working toward goals that
include the prevention of warfare, elimination of militarism
and poverty, protection of the environment, human rights,
social and economic justice, participatory democracy,
non-violent conflict resolution, and the promotion of
sustainable development.
(http://apc.org/english/).
E-mail: .
(2000-10-08)
|
asynchronous communications interface adapter
(foldoc) | Asynchronous Communications Interface Adapter
ACIA
(ACIA) A kind of {integrated
circuit} that provides data formatting and control to EIA-232
serial interfaces.
[Is this the same as a UART?]
(1997-05-07)
|
bell communications research, inc
(foldoc) | Bell Communications Research, Inc
(Bellcore) The research laboratory for the seven regional
Bell Telephone companies in the USA that were created by the
divestiture of AT&T in 1984.
It can be compared to Bell Laboratories, for which many
Bellcore employees used to work. Currently jointly owned by
the seven baby bells (as they are called), there are rumours
that it is to be sold by its current owners to become an
independent research laboratory
Its headquarters are in Livingstone, New Jersey. It has
offices in Morristown, Lincroft, and Piscataway, all in
New Jersey, USA.
Telephone: +1 (201) 74 3000, +1 (800) 521 CORE.
(1994-12-06)
|
comité européen des postes et telecommunications
(foldoc) | Comité Européen des Postes et Telecommunications
(CEPT, European Conference of Post and
Telecommunications) The committee that defined the CEPT speech
compression scheme.
[Details of compression scheme?]
(1998-03-16)
|
communications decency act
(foldoc) | Communications Decency Act
(CDA) An amendment to the U.S. 1996 Telecommunications
Bill that went into effect on 1996-02-08. The law, originally
proposed by Senator James Exon to protect children from
obscenity on the Internet, ended up making it punishable by
fines of up to $250,000 to post indecent language on the
Internet anywhere that a minor could read it.
Thousands of outraged Internet users turned their {web
pages} black in protest or displayed the {Electronic Frontier
Foundation}'s special icons.
On 1996-06-12, a three-judge panel in Philadelphia ruled the
CDA unconstitutional and issued an injunction against the
United States Justice Department forbidding them to enforce
the "indecency" provisions of the law. Internet users
celebrated by displaying an animated "Free Speech" fireworks
icon to their web pages, courtesy of the {Voters
Telecommunications Watch}. The Justice Department appealed
the decision to the U.S. Supreme Court.
(1996-11-03)
|
communications of the acm
(foldoc) | Communications of the ACM
CACM
(CACM) A monthly publication by the {Association
for Computing Machinery} sent to all members. CACM is an
influential publication that keeps computer science
professionals up to date on developments. Each issue includes
articles, case studies, practitioner oriented pieces, regular
columns, commentary, departments, the ACM Forum, technical
correspondence and advertisements.
(http://acm.org/cacm/).
(1995-01-18)
|
communications port
(foldoc) | communications port
com port
A connector for a communications
interface, usually, a serial port.
(1996-08-04)
|
communications server
(foldoc) | Communications Server
IBM's rebranding of ACF.
(1999-01-20)
|
communications software
(foldoc) | communications software
Application programs, {operating
system} components, and probably firmware, forming part of a
communication system. These different software components
might be classified according to the functions within the
Open Systems Interconnect model which they provide.
Typical applications include a web browser, {Mail User
Agent}, chat and telnet.
(2001-03-18)
|
data communications analyst
(foldoc) | data communications analyst
A person who installs, maintains, and troubleshoots
data networks. A data communications analyst may have
knowledge of T1 lines, TCP/IP, fiber optics, SNA,
frame relay. He assists users with problems related to
connectivity, analyses data flow, configures modems, DSUs,
multiplexors, and routers, and uses network tools such as
NetView or Netspy.
(2004-03-11)
|
data communications equipment
(foldoc) | Data Communication Equipment
Data Communications Equipment
(DCE) The devices and connections
of a communications network that connect the communication
circuit between the data source and destination (the {Data
Terminal Equipment} or DTE). A modem is the most common
kind of DCE.
Before data can be transmited over a modem, the DTR (Data
Terminal Ready) signal must be active. DTR tells the DCE that
the DTE is ready to transmit and receive data.
DCE and DTE are usually connected by an EIA-232 {serial
line}. It is necessary to distinguish these two types of
device because their connectors must be wired differently if a
"straight-through" cable (pin 1 to pin 1, pin 2 to pin 2 etc.)
is to be used. DCE should have a female connector and should
transmit on pin two and receive on pin three. It is a curious
fact that many modems are "DTE" according to the original
standard.
(1995-02-28)
|
defense communications agency
(foldoc) | Defense Communications Agency
(DCA) Now called Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA).
|
digital enhanced cordless telecommunications
(foldoc) | Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications
DECT
Digital European Cordless Telecommunications
(DECT, formerly ".. European ..") A
standard developed by the {European Telecommunication
Standard Institute} from 1988, governing pan-European {digital
mobile telephony}. DECT covers wireless PBXs, telepoint,
residential cordless telephones, wireless access to the
public switched telephone network, Closed User Groups
(CUGs), Local Area Networks, and wireless local loop.
DECT defines only the radio connection between two points and
can be used for remote access to public and private networks.
Other mobility standards, such as GSM, TACS, and {DCS
1800} add the necessary switching, signaling, and management
functions that are not specified by DECT.
The DECT Common Interface radio standard is a multicarrier
time division multiple access, time division duplex
(MC-TDMA-TDD) radio transmission technique using ten {radio
frequency} channels from 1880 to 1930 MHz, each divided into
24 time slots of 10ms, and twelve full-duplex accesses per
carrier, for a total of 120 possible combinations.
A DECT base station (an RFP, Radio Fixed Part) can transmit
all 12 possible accesses (time slots) simultaneously by using
different frequencies or using only one frequency. All
signaling information is transmitted from the RFP within a
multiframe (16 frames). Voice signals are digitally encoded
into a 32 kbit/s signal using {Adaptive Differential Pulse
Code Modulation}.
The handover process is requested autonomously by the
portable terminal and the Radio Fixed Parts, according to the
carrier signal levels. A "Generic Access Profile" defines a
minimum set of requirements for the support of speech
telephony.
(http://italtel.it/catalog/data/inglese/capc_5.htm).
(1999-04-13)
|
digital european cordless telecommunications
(foldoc) | Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications
DECT
Digital European Cordless Telecommunications
(DECT, formerly ".. European ..") A
standard developed by the {European Telecommunication
Standard Institute} from 1988, governing pan-European {digital
mobile telephony}. DECT covers wireless PBXs, telepoint,
residential cordless telephones, wireless access to the
public switched telephone network, Closed User Groups
(CUGs), Local Area Networks, and wireless local loop.
DECT defines only the radio connection between two points and
can be used for remote access to public and private networks.
Other mobility standards, such as GSM, TACS, and {DCS
1800} add the necessary switching, signaling, and management
functions that are not specified by DECT.
The DECT Common Interface radio standard is a multicarrier
time division multiple access, time division duplex
(MC-TDMA-TDD) radio transmission technique using ten {radio
frequency} channels from 1880 to 1930 MHz, each divided into
24 time slots of 10ms, and twelve full-duplex accesses per
carrier, for a total of 120 possible combinations.
A DECT base station (an RFP, Radio Fixed Part) can transmit
all 12 possible accesses (time slots) simultaneously by using
different frequencies or using only one frequency. All
signaling information is transmitted from the RFP within a
multiframe (16 frames). Voice signals are digitally encoded
into a 32 kbit/s signal using {Adaptive Differential Pulse
Code Modulation}.
The handover process is requested autonomously by the
portable terminal and the Radio Fixed Parts, according to the
carrier signal levels. A "Generic Access Profile" defines a
minimum set of requirements for the support of speech
telephony.
(http://italtel.it/catalog/data/inglese/capc_5.htm).
(1999-04-13)
|
domestic communications assistance center
(foldoc) | Domestic Communications Assistance Center
DCAC
(DCAC) A joint effort between the U.S. Marshals
Service, FBI and Drug Enforcement Agency. The DCAC is charged
with developing customised hardware for intercepting
Internet and wireless communications. The DCAC is under the
control and budget of the FBI.
{CNET article
(http://news.cnet.com/8301-1009_3-57439734-83/fbi-quietly-forms-secretive-net-surveillance-unit/)}.
(2012-06-24)
|
european telecommunications standards institute
(foldoc) | European Telecommunications Standards Institute
ETSI
(ETSI) A European version of the ITU-T(?).
(1996-05-13)
|
global system for mobile communications
(foldoc) | Global System for Mobile Communications
GSM
(GSM) One of the major standards for
digital mobile communications. In 1982, the Groupe Speciale
Mobile was formed by the {Confederation of European Posts and
Telecommunications} (CEPT) to design a pan-European mobile
technology. GSM was named after the "Groupe de travail
Spéciale pour les services Mobiles" group of CEPT that wrote
the first GSM specifications.
By 2011, GSM was in use in over 60 countries and serving over
six billion subscribers. The GSM standard uses the 900 MHz,
1800 MHz and 1900 MHz bands.
GPRS allows packet switched data communications over GSM,
and is widely used for web and electronic mail access from
mobile devices.
GSM History (http://www.gsma.com/aboutus/history).
(2017-01-03)
|
high performance computing and communications
(foldoc) | High Performance Computing and Communications
HPCC
(HPCC) High performance computing includes scientific
workstations, supercomputer systems, high speed networks,
special purpose and experimental systems, the new generation
of large scale parallel systems, and application and systems
software with all components well integrated and linked over a
high speed network.
["Grand Challenges 1993: High Performance Computing and
Communications", Committee on Physical, Mathematical and
Engineering Sciences of the Federal Coordinating Council for
Science, Engineering and Technology.]
|
hotline communications ltd.
(foldoc) | Hotline Communications Ltd.
The company that developes and distributes {Hotline
Connect}.
(http://BigRedH.com/index2.html).
(1999-12-07)
|
ims/data communications
(foldoc) | IMS/Data Communications
(IMS/DC) The teleprocessing monitor/{transaction
processing} sytem in IMS from IBM.
(1999-01-11)
|
institute for global communications
(foldoc) | Institute for Global Communications
IGC
(IGC) Provider of computer networking tools for international
communications and information exchange. The IGC Networks --
PeaceNet, EcoNet, ConflictNet and LaborNet -- comprise the
world's only computer communications system dedicated solely
to environmental preservation, peace, and human rights. New
technologies are helping these worldwide communities cooperate
more effectively and efficiently.
Address: 18 De Boom Street, San Francisco, CA 94107 USA. A
division of the Tides Foundation, a 501(c)(3) tax-exempt
organisation. A founding member of the world-wide Association
of Progressive Communications (APC).
(ftp://igc.apc.org).
E-mail: .
(1996-06-24)
|
international telecommunications union
(foldoc) | International Telecommunications Union
ITU
ITU-T
(ITU) ITU-T, the telecommunication
standardisation sector of ITU, is responsible for making
technical recommendations about telephone and data (including
fax) communications systems for PTTs and suppliers. Before
1993-03-01 ITU-T was known as CCITT. Every four years they
hold plenary sessions where they adopt new standards; there
was one in 1992.
ITU works closely with all standards organisations to form
an international uniform standards system for communication.
Study Group XVII is responsible for recommending standards for
data communications over telephone networks. They publish the
V.XX standards and X.n protocols. V.21 is the same as
EIA's EIA-232. V.24 is the same as EIA's EIA-232C.
V.28 is the same as EIA's EIA-232D.
Address: International Telecommunication Union, Information
Services Department, Place des Nations, 1211 Geneva 20,
Switzerland.
Telephone: +41 (22) 730 5554. Fax: +41 (22) 730 5337.
E-mail: , (Mail body:
HELP).
(http://itu.ch/).
ITU-T standards can be obtained by FTP from {Korea
(ftp://kum.kaist.ac.kr/doc/STANDARDS/ccitt)}; UK - {Imperial
(ftp://src.doc.ic.ac.uk/pub/computing/ccitt/ccitt-standards/)},
{HENSA
(ftp://unix.hensa.ac.uk/pub/uunet/doc/literary/obi/Standards/CCITT)};
France - INRIA (ftp://croton.inria.fr/ITU/ccitt), {IMAG
(ftp://imag.imag.fr/doc/ccitt)}; {Israel
(ftp://cs.huji.ac.il/pub/doc/standards/ccitt)}; FTP USA:
UUNET (ftp://ftp.uu.net/pub/lietrary/obi/Standards/CCITT),
{gatekeeper
(ftp://gatekeeper.dec.com/pub/net/info/bruno.cs.colorado.edu/pub/standards/ccitt)},
world.std.com (ftp://world.std.com/obi/Standards/CCITT);
Australia (ftp://metro.ucc.su.oz.au/pub/ccitt); {Germany
(ftp://quepasa.cs.tu-berlin.de/pub/doc/CCITT)}; {Japan
(ftp://sh.wide.ad.jp/CCITT)};
(1995-01-16)
|
mix communications
(foldoc) | MIX Communications
(MIX) Providers of Internet access and presentation services
for businesses and individuals in the Milwaukee, WI, USA
metropolitan area. MIX started providing Internet access
services to the Milwaukee area in 1990. It was the first
business in Milwaukee to provide Internet access services to
the public.
MIX Communications is owned and operated by Dean Roth.
(http://mixcom.com/).
E-mail: .
Telephone: +1 (414) 351 1868 (Office), +1 (414) 351 1139
(BBS). Address: MIX Communications, P.O. Box 17166,
Milwaukee, WI 53217, USA.
(1995-01-05)
|
mosaic communications corporation
(foldoc) | Netscape Communications Corporation
Mosaic Communications Corporation
(Formlerly "Mosaic Communications Corporation", MCC)
A company set up in April 1994 by Dr. James H. Clark and
Marc Andreessen (creator of the NCSA
Mosaic program) to market their version of Mosaic, known
as Netscape or Mozilla.
They {changed their name
(http://netscape.com/newsref/pr/newsrelease5.html)} on
1994-11-14 to reflect their other activities rather than just
their browser based on Mosaic.
(http://netscape.com/).
Address: 501 East Middlefield Road, Mountain View, CA 94043,
USA.
Telephone: +1 (415) 254 1900. Fax: +1 (415) 254 2601.
(2000-02-08)
|
netscape communications corporation
(foldoc) | Netscape Communications Corporation
Mosaic Communications Corporation
(Formlerly "Mosaic Communications Corporation", MCC)
A company set up in April 1994 by Dr. James H. Clark and
Marc Andreessen (creator of the NCSA
Mosaic program) to market their version of Mosaic, known
as Netscape or Mozilla.
They {changed their name
(http://netscape.com/newsref/pr/newsrelease5.html)} on
1994-11-14 to reflect their other activities rather than just
their browser based on Mosaic.
(http://netscape.com/).
Address: 501 East Middlefield Road, Mountain View, CA 94043,
USA.
Telephone: +1 (415) 254 1900. Fax: +1 (415) 254 2601.
(2000-02-08)
|
serial communications
(foldoc) | serial communications
Communication via a single channel that
delivers one bit of data at a time, in contrast to parallel
communications where multiple serial channels are combined,
either physically (e.g. multiple cores in a cable) or by
multiplexing.
|
serial communications interface
(foldoc) | Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter
Serial Communications Interface
serial IO chip
UART
(UART) An integrated circuit used
for serial communications, containing a transmitter
(parallel-to-serial converter) and a receiver
(serial-to-parallel converter), each clocked separately.
The parallel side of a UART is usually connected to the bus
of a computer. When the computer writes a byte to the UART's
transmit data register (TDR), the UART will start to transmit
it on the serial line. The UART's status register contains a
flag bit which the computer can read to see if the UART is
ready to transmit another byte. Another status register bit
says whether the UART has received a byte from the {serial
line}, in which case the computer should read it from the
receive data register (RDR). If another byte is received
before the previous one is read, the UART will signal an
"overrun" error via another status bit.
The UART may be set up to interrupt the computer when data
is received or when ready to transmit more data.
The UART's serial connections usually go via separate {line
driver} and line receiver integrated circuits which
provide the power and voltages required to drive the serial
line and give some protection against noise on the line.
Data on the serial line is formatted by the UART according
to the setting of the UART's control register. This may also
determine the transmit and receive baud rates if the UART
contains its own clock circuits or "baud rate generators".
If incorrectly formated data is received the UART may signal a
"framing error" or "parity error".
Often the clock will run at 16 times the baud rate (bits per
second) to allow the receiver to do centre sampling - i.e. to
read each bit in the middle of its allotted time period. This
makes the UART more tolerant to variations in the clock rate
("jitter") of the incoming data.
An example of a late 1980s UART was the Intel 8450. In the
1990s, newer UARTs were developed with on-chip buffers.
This allowed higher transmission speed without data loss and
without requiring such frequent attention from the computer.
For example, the Intel 16550 has a 16 byte FIFO.
Variants include the 16C550, 16C650, 16C750, and
16C850.
The term "Serial Communications Interface" (SCI) was first
used at Motorola around 1975 to refer to their start-stop
asyncronous serial interface device, which others were calling
a UART.
See also bit bang.
[Is this the same as an ACIA?]
(2003-07-13)
|
spread spectrum communications
(foldoc) | spread spectrum communications
(Or "spread spectrum") A technique by which a
signal to be transmitted is modulated onto a pseudorandom,
noise-like, wideband carrier signal, producing a
transmission with a much larger bandwidth than that of the
data modulation.
Reception is accomplished by cross correlation of the
received wide band signal with a synchronously generated
replica of the carrier.
Spread-spectrum communications offers many important benefits:
Low probability of detection, interception or determination of
the transmitter's location. To an observer who does not
possess information about the carrier, the transmission is
indistinguishable from other sources of noise.
High immunity against interference and jamming (intentional
interference). The presence of (narrowband) interference
signals only decreases the channel's signal-to noise ratio
and therefore its error rate, which can be dealt with by
using error correcting codes. A jammer would have to use
wideband interference signals, which would require very high
power (again assuming that the jammer does not know the
characteristics of the carrier).
High immunity against adverse effects of multipath
transmission. In the presence of multiple paths between
transmitter and receiver (e.g. by reflected signals), signals
of certain frequencies can be cancelled at certain locations
when the difference in path delays between multiple
propagation paths cause the signals to arrive out of phase.
This effect is particularly troublesome in narrowband mobile
communications, where it causes "blind spots" - locations
where no signal can be received.
Transmitter/receiver pairs using independent random carriers
can operate in the same frequency range with minimal
interference. These are called {Code Division Multiple
Access} (CDMA) systems. Increasing the number of T/R pairs
again only gradually increases each channel's error rate. In
contrast, narrowband systems can only accomodate a fixed
number of channels determined by available bandwidth and
channel width (data rate).
When the data modulation cannot be distinguished from the
carrier modulation, and the carrier modulation is random to an
unwanted observer, the spread spectrum system assumes
cryptographic capabilities, with the carrier modulation taking
on the function of a key in a cipher system.
The most important practical modes of spread spectrum coding
are Direct Sequence (DS) and {Frequency-Hopping Spread
Spectrum} (FH).
In DS, a pseudo random sequence is phase-shift-keyed (PSK)
onto the carrier.
Spread Spectrum development began during World War II, with
the earliest studies dating from the 1920s. Most papers
remained classified until the 1980s.
Direct sequence spread spectrum was invented by Paul Kotowski
and Kurt Dannehl at Telefunken.
The technique is used extensively in military communications
today. Commercial applications include mobile telephony
and mobile networking.
["Spread Spectrum Communications", Charles E. Cook et al
(Ed.), IEEE Press, New York, 1983. ISBN 0-87942-170-3].
Hedy Lamarr (http://sirius.be/lamarr.htm),
(http://ncafe.com/chris/pat2/).
(2001-08-08)
|
telecommunications device for the deaf
(foldoc) | Telecommunications Device for the Deaf
Telecommunication Display Device
TTD
(TDD) A terminal device used widely by deaf
people for text communication over telephone lines.
The acronym TDD is sometimes expanded as "Telecommunication
Display Device" but is generally considered to be derived from
"Telecommunications Device for the Deaf". The deaf themselves
do not usually use the term "TDD", but prefer simply "TTY"
-- possibly the original term. The ambiguity between this and
the other meanings of "TTY" is generally not problematic.
The acronym "TTD" is also common [Teletype for the deaf?].
The standard most used by TDDs is reportedly a survivor of
Baudot code. It uses asynchronous transmission of 1400 Hz
and 1600 Hz tones at 45.5 or 50 baud, with one start bit,
5 data bits and 1.5 stop bits. This is generally
incompatible with standard modems.
A typical TDD is a device about the size of a small {laptop
computer} (resembling, in fact, a circa 1983 Radio Shack
Model 100 computer) with a QWERTY keyboard, and small
screen (often one line high, often made of an array of
LEDs). There is often a small printer for making
transcripts of terminal sessions. An acoustic coupler
connects it to the telephone handset.
With the falling cost of personal computers and the
widespread use of Internet talk systems, there is now
little reason to use this Stone Age technology.
[Standards? i18n?]
(2006-10-08)
|
telecommunications industry association
(foldoc) | Telecommunications Industry Association
(TIA) An association that sets standards
for communications cabling.
Cables that TIA set standards for include: EIA/TIA-568A
and EIA/TIA-568B category three, four and five cable.
(http://tiaonline.org/).
[Details?]
(2000-04-24)
|
universal communications x
(foldoc) | Universal Communications X
UCX
(UCX) A software implementation of the
ubiquitous TCP/IP suite of communications protocols for
Digital Equipment Corporation's OpenVMS {operating
system}.
Users of the UCX product can connect to heterogeneous
networks to access and download files, send {electronic
mail}, run and develop applications, and monitor activity.
{"Software Product Description, DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for
OpenVMS, Version 4.2",
(http://digital.com/info/QAW009/QAW009HM.HTM)}.
(2000-12-15)
|
virtual telecommunications access method
(foldoc) | Virtual Telecommunications Access Method
VTAM
(VTAM) A data communications access method compatible with
IBM's Systems Network Architecture.
[More detail?]
(1995-01-30)
|
voters telecommunications watch
(foldoc) | Voters Telecommunications Watch
VTW
(VTW) A non-profit organisation based in New York,
founded by Shabbir J. Safdar to protect the rights of
Internet users. The VTW has actively opposed regulation of
encryption and restrictions on Internet free speech. VTW
created the animated "Free Speech" fireworks icon that has
been displayed on many web pages since June 12, 1996, the day
that a three-judge panel in Philadelphia ruled the CDA
unconstitutional.
(http://vtw.org).
(1996-11-03)
|
wide area telecommunications service
(foldoc) | Wide Area Telecommunications Service
(WATS) A special service provided by an
inter-exchange carrier that allows a customer to use a
specific trunk to make calls to specific geographic zones or
to receive calls at a specified number at a discounted price.
(2006-05-01)
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CONFIDENTIAL COMMUNICATIONS
(bouvier) | CONFIDENTIAL COMMUNICATIONS, evidence. Whatever is communicated professedly
by a client to his counsel, solicitor, or attorney, is considered as a
confidential communication.
2. This the latter is not permitted to divulge, for this is the
privilege of the client and not of the attorney.
3. The. rule is, in general, strictly confined to counsel, solicitors
or attorneys, except, indeed, the case of an interpreter between the counsel
and client, when the privilege rests upon the same grounds of necessity. 3
Wend. R. 339. In New York, contrary to this general rule, tinder the statute
of that state, it has been decided that information disclosed to a physician
while attending upon the defendant in his professional character, which
information was necessary to enable the witness to prescribe for his
patient, was a confidential communication which the witness need not have
testified. about; and in a case where such evidence had been received by the
master, it was rejected. 4 Paige, R. 460.
4. As to the matter communicated, it extends to all cases where the
party applies for professional assistance. 6 Mad. R. 47; 14 Pick., R. 416.
But the privilege does not extend to extraneous or impertinent
communications; 3 John. Cas. 198; nor to information imparted to a
counsellor in the character of a friend, and not as counsel. 1 Caines' R.
157.
5. The cases in which communications to counsel have been holden not to
be privileged may be classed under the following heads: 1. When the
communication was made before the attorney was employed as such; 1 Vent.
197; 2 Atk. 524; 2. after the attorney's employment has ceased 4 T. R. 431;
3. when the attorney was consulted because he was an attorney, yet he
refused to act as such, and was therefore only applied to as a friend; 4 T.
R. 753; 4. where a fact merely took place in the presence of the attorney,
Cowp. 846; 2 Ves. 189; 2 Curt. Eccl. R. 866; but see Str. 1122; 5. when the
matter communicated was not in its nature private, and could in no sense be
termed the subject of a confidential communication; 7 East,, R. 357; 2 B. &
B. 176; 3 John' Cas. 198; 6. when the things disclosed had no reference to
professional employment, though disclosed while the relation of attorney and
client subsisted; Peake's R. 77; 7. when the attorney made himself a
subscribing witness; 10 Mod. 40 2 Curt. Eccl. R. 866; 3 Burr. 1687
8. when he was directed to plead the facts to which he is called to
testify. 7 N. S. 179. See a well written article! on this subject in the
American Jurist, vol. xvii. p. 304. Vide, generally, Stark. Ev. h.t.; 1
Greenl. Ev. Sec. 236-247; 1 Peters' R. 356; 1 Root, 383; Whart. Dig. 275;
Caryls' R. 88, 126, 143; Toth. R. 177; Peake's Cas. 77 2 Stark. Cas. 274; 4
Wash. C. C. R. 718; 11 Wheat. 280; 3 Yeates, R. 4; 4 Munf. R. 273 1 Porter,
R. 433; Wright, R. 136; 13 John. R. 492. As to a confession made to a
catholic priest, see 2 N. Y. City Hall Rec. 77. Vide 2 Ch. Pr. 18-21;
Confessor.
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