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C10H13NH2
(gcide) | Cymidine \Cy"mi*dine\ ( s?"m?-d?n or -d?n; 104), n. (Chem.)
A liquid organic base, C10H13.NH2, derived from cymene.
[1913 Webster] |
C10H20
(gcide) | Decene \De"cene\, n. [L. decem ten.] (Chem.)
One of the higher hydrocarbons, C10H20, of the ethylene
series.
[1913 Webster]Diamylene \Di*am"y*lene\, n. [Pref. di- + amylene.] (Chem.)
A liquid hydrocarbon, C10H20, of the ethylene series,
regarded as a polymeric form of amylene.
[1913 Webster] |
C10H20O
(gcide) | menthol \men"thol\, n. [Mentha + -ol.] (Chem.)
A white, crystalline, aromatic substance (C10H20O)
resembling camphor, extracted from oil of peppermint
(Mentha); -- called also mint camphor or {peppermint
camphor}. It has the peculiar effect on skin and membranes of
making them feel cool, and is used in liqueurs, confections,
cigarettes, cough drops and perfumes, among other things.
[1913 Webster +PJC] |
C10H21
(gcide) | Decyl \De"cyl\, n. [L. decem ten + -yl.] (Chem.)
A hydrocarbon radical, C10H21., never existing alone, but
regarded as the characteristic constituent of a number of
compounds of the paraffin series.
[1913 Webster] |
C10H21CO2H
(gcide) | Undecylic \Un`de*cyl"ic\, a. (Chem.)
Related to, derived from, or containing, the undecyl radical;
specifically, designating that member of the fatty acids
which corresponds to undecane, and is obtained as a white
crystalline substance, C10H21.CO2H.
[1913 Webster] |
C10H22
(gcide) | Decane \Dec"ane\, n. [See Deca-.] (Chem.)
A liquid hydrocarbon, C10H22, of the paraffin series,
including several isomeric modifications.
[1913 Webster] |
C10H5OHNH2SO3Na
(gcide) | Eikonogen \Ei*kon"o*gen\, n. [Gr. e'ikw`n, e'iko`nos, image +
root of gi`gnesqai to be born.] (Photog. & Chem.)
The sodium salt of a sulphonic acid of a naphthol,
C10H5(OH)(NH2)SO3Na used as a developer.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.] |
C10H7NH2
(gcide) | Naphthylamine \Naph`thyl*am"ine\, n. (Chem.)
One of two basic amido derivatives of naphthalene,
C10H7.NH2, forming crystalline solids.
[1913 Webster] Napierian |
C11H20O2
(gcide) | Undecylenic \Un*dec`y*len"ic\, a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or designating, an acid C11H20O2, homologous
with acrylic acid, and obtained as a white crystalline
substance by the distillation of castor oil.
[1913 Webster] |
C11H24
(gcide) | Hendecane \Hen"de*cane\, n. [Gr. "e`ndeka eleven.] (Chem.)
A hydrocarbon, C11H24, of the paraffin series; -- so called
because it has eleven atoms of carbon in each molecule.
Called also endecane, undecane.
[1913 Webster]Undecane \Un"de*cane\, n. [L. undecim eleven.] (Chem.)
A liquid hydrocarbon, C11H24, of the methane series, found
in petroleum; -- so called from its containing eleven carbon
atoms in the molecule.
[1913 Webster]Endecane \En"de*cane\, n. [Gr. ? eleven.] (Chem.)
One of the higher hydrocarbons of the paraffin series,
C11H24, found as a constituent of petroleum. [Written also
hendecane.]
[1913 Webster] |
C12H22O10
(gcide) | Rutinose \Rutinose.\
A disaccharide present in glycosides.
Note: It is prepared from rutin by hydrolysis with
rhamnodiastase. 6-O-[alpha]-L-rhamnosyl-D-glucose;
C12H22O10.
[PJC] |
C12H22O11
(gcide) | lactose \lac"tose`\ (l[a^]k"t[=o]s`), n.
1. (Physiol. Chem.) The main sugar present in milk, called
also sugar of milk or milk sugar. When isolated pure
it is obtained crystalline; it is separable from the whey
by evaporation and crystallization. It is a disaccharide
with the formula C12H22O11, being chemically
4-([beta]-D-galactosido)-D-glucose. It has a slightly
sweet taste, is dextrorotary, and is much less soluble in
water than either cane sugar or glucose. Formerly called
lactin. When hydrolyzed it yields glucose and galactose.
In cells it may be hydrolyzed by the enzyme
[beta]-galactosidase.
[1913 Webster +PJC]
2. (Chem.) See Galactose.
[1913 Webster]Maltose \Malt"ose`\ (m[add]lt"[=o]s`), n. [From Malt.]
(Biochem.)
A crystalline disaccharide (C12H22O11) formed from starch
by the action of diastase of malt, and the amylolytic ferment
of saliva and pancreatic juice; called also maltobiose and
malt sugar. Chemically it is
4-O-[alpha]-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose. It rotates the plane
of polarized light further to the right than does dextrose
and possesses a lower cupric oxide reducing power.
[1913 Webster +PJC]Sugar \Sug"ar\, n. [OE. sugre, F. sucre (cf. It. zucchero, Sp.
az['u]car), fr. Ar. sukkar, assukkar, fr. Skr. [,c]arkar[=a]
sugar, gravel; cf. Per. shakar. Cf. Saccharine, Sucrose.]
1. A sweet white (or brownish yellow) crystalline substance,
of a sandy or granular consistency, obtained by
crystallizing the evaporated juice of certain plants, as
the sugar cane, sorghum, beet root, sugar maple, etc. It
is used for seasoning and preserving many kinds of food
and drink. Ordinary sugar is essentially sucrose. See the
Note below.
[1913 Webster]
Note: The term sugar includes several commercial grades, as
the white or refined, granulated, loaf or lump, and the
raw brown or muscovado. In a more general sense, it
includes several distinct chemical compounds, as the
glucoses, or grape sugars (including glucose proper,
dextrose, and levulose), and the sucroses, or true
sugars (as cane sugar). All sugars are carbohydrates.
See Carbohydrate. The glucoses, or grape sugars, are
ketone alcohols of the formula C6H12O6, and they turn
the plane of polarization to the right or the left.
They are produced from the amyloses and sucroses, as by
the action of heat and acids of ferments, and are
themselves decomposed by fermentation into alcohol and
carbon dioxide. The only sugar (called acrose) as yet
produced artificially belongs to this class. The
sucroses, or cane sugars, are doubled glucose
anhydrides of the formula C12H22O11. They are usually
not fermentable as such (cf. Sucrose), and they act
on polarized light.
[1913 Webster]
2. By extension, anything resembling sugar in taste or
appearance; as, sugar of lead (lead acetate), a poisonous
white crystalline substance having a sweet taste.
[1913 Webster]
3. Compliment or flattery used to disguise or render
acceptable something obnoxious; honeyed or soothing words.
[Colloq.]
[1913 Webster]
Acorn sugar. See Quercite.
Cane sugar, sugar made from the sugar cane; sucrose, or an
isomeric sugar. See Sucrose.
Diabetes sugar, or Diabetic sugar (Med. Chem.), a variety
of sugar (grape sugar or dextrose) excreted in the urine
in diabetes mellitus; -- the presence of such a sugar in
the urine is used to diagnose the illness.
Fruit sugar. See under Fruit, and Fructose.
Grape sugar, a sirupy or white crystalline sugar (dextrose
or glucose) found as a characteristic ingredient of ripe
grapes, and also produced from many other sources. See
Dextrose, and Glucose.
Invert sugar. See under Invert.
Malt sugar, a variety of sugar isomeric with sucrose, found
in malt. See Maltose.
Manna sugar, a substance found in manna, resembling, but
distinct from, the sugars. See Mannite.
Milk sugar, a variety of sugar characteristic of fresh
milk, and isomeric with sucrose. See Lactose.
Muscle sugar, a sweet white crystalline substance isomeric
with, and formerly regarded to, the glucoses. It is found
in the tissue of muscle, the heart, liver, etc. Called
also heart sugar. See Inosite.
Pine sugar. See Pinite.
Starch sugar (Com. Chem.), a variety of dextrose made by
the action of heat and acids on starch from corn,
potatoes, etc.; -- called also potato sugar, {corn
sugar}, and, inaccurately, invert sugar. See Dextrose,
and Glucose.
Sugar barek, one who refines sugar.
Sugar beet (Bot.), a variety of beet (Beta vulgaris) with
very large white roots, extensively grown, esp. in Europe,
for the sugar obtained from them.
Sugar berry (Bot.), the hackberry.
Sugar bird (Zool.), any one of several species of small
South American singing birds of the genera Coereba,
Dacnis, and allied genera belonging to the family
Coerebidae. They are allied to the honey eaters.
Sugar bush. See Sugar orchard.
Sugar camp, a place in or near a sugar orchard, where maple
sugar is made.
Sugar candian, sugar candy. [Obs.]
Sugar candy, sugar clarified and concreted or crystallized;
candy made from sugar.
Sugar cane (Bot.), a tall perennial grass ({Saccharum
officinarium}), with thick short-jointed stems. It has
been cultivated for ages as the principal source of sugar.
Sugar loaf.
(a) A loaf or mass of refined sugar, usually in the form
of a truncated cone.
(b) A hat shaped like a sugar loaf.
[1913 Webster]
Why, do not or know you, grannam, and that sugar
loaf? --J. Webster.
[1913 Webster]
Sugar maple (Bot.), the rock maple (Acer saccharinum).
See Maple.
Sugar mill, a machine for pressing out the juice of the
sugar cane, usually consisting of three or more rollers,
between which the cane is passed.
Sugar mite. (Zool.)
(a) A small mite (Tyroglyphus sacchari), often found in
great numbers in unrefined sugar.
(b) The lepisma.
Sugar of lead. See Sugar, 2, above.
Sugar of milk. See under Milk.
Sugar orchard, a collection of maple trees selected and
preserved for purpose of obtaining sugar from them; --
called also, sometimes, sugar bush. [U.S.] --Bartlett.
Sugar pine (Bot.), an immense coniferous tree ({Pinus
Lambertiana}) of California and Oregon, furnishing a soft
and easily worked timber. The resinous exudation from the
stumps, etc., has a sweetish taste, and has been used as a
substitute for sugar.
Sugar squirrel (Zool.), an Australian flying phalanger
(Belideus sciureus), having a long bushy tail and a
large parachute. It resembles a flying squirrel. See
Illust. under Phlanger.
Sugar tongs, small tongs, as of silver, used at table for
taking lumps of sugar from a sugar bowl.
Sugar tree. (Bot.) See Sugar maple, above.
[1913 Webster]Sucrose \Su"crose`\, n. [F. sucre sugar. See Sugar.] (Chem.)
A common variety of sugar found in the juices of many plants,
as the sugar cane, sorghum, sugar maple, beet root, etc. It
is extracted as a sweet, white crystalline substance which is
valuable as a food product, and, being antiputrescent, is
largely used in the preservation of fruit. Called also
saccharose, cane sugar, etc. At one time the term was
used by extension, for any one of the class of isomeric
substances (as lactose, maltose, etc.) of which sucrose
proper is the type; however this usage is now archaic.
[1913 Webster +PJC]
Note: Sucrose proper is a dextrorotatory carbohydrate,
C12H22O11. It does not reduce Fehling's solution, and
though not directly fermentable, yet on standing with
yeast it is changed by the diastase present to invert
sugar (dextrose and levulose), which then breaks down
to alcohol and carbon dioxide. It is also decomposed to
invert sugar by heating with acids, whence it is also
called a disaccharate. Sucrose possesses at once the
properties of an alcohol and a ketone, and also forms
compounds (called sucrates) analogous to salts. Cf.
Sugar.
[1913 Webster] |
C12H25OH
(gcide) | 1-dodecanol \1-dodecanol\ n.
An insoluble solid alcohol (C12H25OH) with an unbranched
paraffin chain, used to make detergents, such as sodium
lauryl sulfate.
Syn: lauryl alcohol
[WordNet 1.5 +PJC] |
C12H26
(gcide) | Dodecane \Do"de*cane\, n. [Gr. ? twelve.] (Chem.)
Any one of a group of thick oily hydrocarbons, C12H26, of
the paraffin series.
[1913 Webster] |
C13H26
(gcide) | Tridecatylene \Tri`de*cat"y*lene\
(tr[-i]`d[-e]*k[a^]t"[i^]*l[=e]n), n. [Pref. tri-+ Gr.
de`katos tenth + E. ethylene.] (Chem.)
A hydrocarbon, C13H26, of the ethylene series,
corresponding to tridecane, and obtained from Burmah
petroleum as a light colorless liquid; -- called also
tridecylene, and tridecene.
[1913 Webster] |
C13H28
(gcide) | Tridecane \Tri*dec"ane\ (tr[-i]*d[e^]k"[=a]n), n. [Pref. tri- +
Gr. ? ten. So called from the number of carbon atoms in the
molecule.] (Chem.)
A hydrocarbon, C13H28, of the methane series, which is a
probable ingredient both of crude petroleum and of kerosene,
and is produced artificially as a light colorless liquid.
[1913 Webster] |
C14H22O
(gcide) | irone \i"rone\, irones \i"rones\, n.
A fragrant liquid substance, a mixture of several isomers of
the formula C14H22O, forming the essence of the violet
fragrance, commonly isolated from orris oil or from the
rhizomes of Iris. The main ingredient in violets is
[alpha]-irone, which occurs as both cis and trans
stereoisomers. Called also 6-methylionone.
[PJC] |
C14H22O2NCl
(gcide) | Stovain \Sto"va*in\, n. Also Stovine \Sto"vine\ . [Stove (a
translation of the name of the discoverer, Fourneau + -in,
-ine.] (Pharm.)
A substance, C14H22O2NCl, the hydrochloride of an amino
compound containing benzol, used, in solution with
strychnine, as a local anaesthetic, esp. by injection into
the sheath of the spinal cord, producing anaesthesia below
the point of introduction. Called also {amylocaine
hydrochloride}. Chemically it is the hydrochloride of the
benzoyl ester of 1-(dimethylaminomethyl)-1-methyl propanol.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.] |
C14H24O3
(gcide) | Lichenic \Li*chen"ic\ (l[-i]*k[e^]n"[i^]k), a.
Of, pertaining to, or obtained from, lichens.
[1913 Webster]
Lichenic acid.
(a) An organic acid, C14H24O3, obtained from Iceland moss.
(b) An old name of fumaric acid.
[1913 Webster] |
C14H28O2
(gcide) | Myristic \My*ris"tic\ (m[i^]*r[i^]s"t[i^]k), a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or derived from, the nutmeg (Myristica).
Specifically, designating an acid (C14H28O2) found in
nutmeg oil and otoba fat, and extracted as a white
crystalline waxy substance.
[1913 Webster] |
C14H6O2OH2
(gcide) | Alizarin \A*liz"a*rin\, Alizarine \A*liz"a*rine\, n. [F.
alizarine, fr. alizari.] (Chem.)
A coloring principle, C14H6O2(OH)2, found in madder, and
now produced artificially as an an orange-red crystalline
compound from anthracene. It is used in making red pigments
(such as the Turkish reds), and in dyeing.
[1913 Webster WordNet 1.5] |
C15H24
(gcide) | Cedrene \Ce"drene\ (s[=e]"dr[=e]n), n. (Chem.)
A rich aromatic oil, C15H24, extracted from oil of red
cedar, and regarded as a polymeric terpene; also any one of a
class of similar substances, as the essential oils of cloves,
cubebs, juniper, etc., of which cedrene proper is the type.
[Written also cedren.]
[1913 Webster] |
C15H26
(gcide) | Quindecone \Quin*dec"one\, n. [L. quindecim fifteen.] (Chem.)
An unsaturated hydrocarbon, C15H26, of the valylene series,
produced artificially as an oily liquid. [Written also
quindekone.]
[1913 Webster] |
C15H27N
(gcide) | Valeritrine \Va*ler"i*trine\, n. [Valeric + tropine + -ine.]
(Chem.)
A base, C15H27N, produced together with valeridine, which
it resembles.
[1913 Webster] |
C17H21NO4
(gcide) | Cocaine \Co"ca*ine\, n. (Chem.)
A powerful narcotic alkaloid, C17H21NO4, obtained from the
leaves of coca. It is a bitter, white, crystalline substance,
and is remarkable for producing local insensibility to pain.
It is classified as addictive and is not available in the U.
S. without a prescription, but is nevertheless one of the
most widespread illegal drugs of abuse. It is used in several
forms, including small pellets of free base, called crack.
Most of the cacaine illegally used in the U.S. is imported.
[1913 Webster +PJC] |
C18H21NO3
(gcide) | Codeine \Co"deine\ (k[=o]"d[=e]n or k[-o]*d[=e]"[i^]n), n. [Gr.
kw`deia poppy head: cf. F. cod['e]ine.] (Chem.)
One of the opium alkaloids; a white crystalline substance,
C18H21NO3, similar to and regarded as a derivative of
morphine, but much feebler in its action; -- called also
codeia.
[1913 Webster] |
C18H27O3N
(gcide) | Pepper \Pep"per\ (p[e^]p"p[~e]r), n. [OE. peper, AS. pipor, L.
piper, fr. Gr. pe`peri, pi`peri, akin to Skr. pippala,
pippali.]
1. A well-known, pungently aromatic condiment, the dried
berry, either whole or powdered, of the Piper nigrum.
[1913 Webster]
Note: Common pepper, or black pepper, is made from the
whole berry, dried just before maturity; white pepper
is made from the ripe berry after the outer skin has
been removed by maceration and friction. It has less of
the peculiar properties of the plant than the black
pepper. Pepper is used in medicine as a carminative
stimulant.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Bot.) The plant which yields pepper, an East Indian woody
climber (Piper nigrum), with ovate leaves and apetalous
flowers in spikes opposite the leaves. The berries are red
when ripe. Also, by extension, any one of the several
hundred species of the genus Piper, widely dispersed
throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the
earth.
[1913 Webster]
3. Any plant of the genus Capsicum (of the Solanaceae
family, which are unrelated to Piper), and its fruit;
red pepper; chili pepper; as, the bell pepper and the
jalapeno pepper (both Capsicum annuum) and the
habanero pepper (Capsicum chinense); . These contain
varying levels of the substance capsaicin (C18H27O3N),
which gives the peppers their hot taste. The habanero is
about 25-50 times hotter than the jalapeno according to a
scale developed by Wilbur Scoville in 1912. See also
Capsicum and http://www.chili-pepper-plants.com/.
[1913 Webster + PJC]
Note: The term pepper has been extended to various other
fruits and plants, more or less closely resembling the
true pepper, esp. to the common varieties of
Capsicum. See Capsicum, and the Phrases, below.
[1913 Webster]
African pepper, the Guinea pepper. See under Guinea.
Cayenne pepper. See under Cayenne.
Chinese pepper, the spicy berries of the {Xanthoxylum
piperitum}, a species of prickly ash found in China and
Japan.
Guinea pepper. See under Guinea, and Capsicum.
Jamaica pepper. See Allspice.
Long pepper.
(a) The spike of berries of Piper longum, an East Indian
shrub.
(b) The root of Piper methysticum (syn. {Macropiper
methysticum}) of the family Piperaceae. See Kava.
Malaguetta pepper, or Meleguetta pepper, the aromatic
seeds of the Amomum Melegueta, an African plant of the
Ginger family. They are sometimes used to flavor beer,
etc., under the name of grains of Paradise.
Red pepper. See Capsicum.
Sweet pepper bush (Bot.), an American shrub ({Clethra
alnifolia}), with racemes of fragrant white flowers; --
called also white alder.
Pepper box or Pepper caster, a small box or bottle, with
a perforated lid, used for sprinkling ground pepper on
food, etc.
Pepper corn. See in the Vocabulary.
Pepper elder (Bot.), a West Indian name of several plants
of the Pepper family, species of Piper and Peperomia.
Pepper moth (Zool.), a European moth (Biston betularia)
having white wings covered with small black specks.
Pepper pot, a mucilaginous soup or stew of vegetables and
cassareep, much esteemed in the West Indies.
Pepper root. (Bot.). See Coralwort.
pepper sauce, a condiment for the table, made of small red
peppers steeped in vinegar.
Pepper tree (Bot.), an aromatic tree (Drimys axillaris)
of the Magnolia family, common in New Zealand. See
Peruvian mastic tree, under Mastic.
[1913 Webster]Capsicum \Cap"si*cum\ (k[a^]p"s[i^]*k[u^]m), n. [NL., fr. L.
capsa box, chest.] (Bot.)
A genus of plants of many species, producing capsules or dry
berries of various forms, which have an exceedingly pungent,
biting taste, and when ground form the red or Cayenne pepper
of commerce.
[1913 Webster]
Note: The most important species are Capsicum baccatum or
bird pepper, Capsicum fastigiatum or chili pepper,
Capsicum frutescens or spur pepper (from which
tabasco is obtained), Capsicum chinense, which
includes the fiery-hot habanero pepper, and {Capsicum
annuum} or Guinea pepper, which includes the bell
pepper, the jalapeno pepper, the cayenne pepper, and
other common garden varieties. The fruit is much used,
both in its green and ripe state, in pickles and in
cookery. These contain varying levels of the substance
capsaicin (C18H27O3N), which gives the peppers
their hot taste. The habanero is about 25-50 times
hotter than the jalapeno according to a scale developed
by Wilbur Scoville in 1912. See also Cayenne pepper,
pepper and http://www.chili-pepper-plants.com/.
[1913 Webster + PJC]
3. Any plant of the genus Capsicum (of the Solanaceae
family, which are unrelated to Piper), and its fruit;
red pepper; chili pepper; as, the bell pepper and the
jalapeno pepper (both Capsicum annuum) and the
habanero pepper (Capsicum chinense); .
[1913 Webster + PJC] |
C19H21NO3
(gcide) | Thebaine \The*ba"ine\, n. [So called from a kind of Egyptian
opium produced at Thebes.] (Chem.)
A poisonous alkaloid, C19H21NO3, found in opium in small
quantities, having a sharp, astringent taste, and a tetanic
action resembling that of strychnine.
[1913 Webster] |
C19H22N2O
(gcide) | Cinchonidine \Cin*chon"i*dine\, n. [From Cinchona.] (Chem.)
One of the quinine group of alkaloids, found especially in
red cinchona bark. It is a white crystalline substance,
C19H22N2O, with a bitter taste and qualities similar to,
but weaker than, quinine; -- sometimes called also
cinchonidia.
[1913 Webster] |
C19H22O6
(gcide) | gibberellic acid \gibberellic acid\ n. (Chem.),
A plant growth hormone of the gibberellin series
(C19H22O6), also called gibberellin A3. It was first
isolated from the fungus Gibberella fujikuroi. It is used
to promote the growth of seedlings. See also gibberellin.
--MI11
[PJC] |
C19H28O2
(gcide) | Testosterone \Tes*tos"ter*one\ (t[e^]s*t[o^]s"t[~e]r*[=o]n), n.
[testes + o + sterone a steroid ketone.]
a steroid hormone (C19H28O2) produced mostly in the testes,
which is responsible for producing the secondary sexual
characteristics of males.
[PJC] |
C20H21N3O
(gcide) | Rosaniline \Ros*an"i*line\ (? or ?), n. [Rose + aniline.]
(Chem.)
A complex nitrogenous base, C20H21N3O, obtained by
oxidizing a mixture of aniline and toluidine, as a colorless
crystalline substance which forms red salts. These salts are
essential components of many of the socalled aniline dyes, as
fuchsine, aniline red, etc. By extension, any one of the
series of substances derived from, or related to, rosaniline
proper.
[1913 Webster] |
C20H22O10
(gcide) | Erythrin \E*ryth"rin\, Erythrine \E*ryth"rine\, n. [Gr.
'eryqro`s red.]
1. (Chem.) A colorless crystalline substance, C20H22O10,
extracted from certain lichens, as the various species of
Rocella. It is a derivative of orsellinic acid. So
called because of certain red compounds derived from it.
Called also erythric acid.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Min.) See Erythrite, 2.
[1913 Webster] |
C20H24N2O2
(gcide) | Quinine \Qui"nine\, n. [F. (cf. Sp. quinina), fr. Sp. quina, or
quinaquina, Peruvian bark, fr. Peruv. kina, quina, bark. Cf.
Kinic.] (Chem.)
An alkaloid extracted from the bark of several species of
cinchona (esp. Cinchona Calisaya) as a bitter white
crystalline substance, C20H24N2O2. Hence, by extension
(Med.), any of the salts of this alkaloid, as the acetate,
chloride, sulphate, etc., employed as a febrifuge or
antiperiodic. Called also quinia, quinina, etc. [Written
also chinine.]
[1913 Webster] |
C20H28O
(gcide) | Retinal \Ret"i*nal\, n. (Chem.)
A retinoid compound (C20H28O), closely related to vitamin
A, which is a component of the visual pigments in the eye. It
is also called retinaldehyde and vitamin A aldehyde.
[PJC]vitamin A2 \vitamin A2\ n.
dehydroretinol (C20H28O), one of the substances also called
vitamin A. It has about 40% of the bioactivity of vitamin
A1.
Syn: dehydroretinol.
[WordNet 1.5 +PJC] |
C20H28O2
(gcide) | Retinoic acid \Ret`in*o"ic ac"id\, n. (Chem.)
A retinoid compound (C20H28O2), closely related to vitamin
A. It is also called tretinoin and vitamin A acid.
[PJC] |
C21H20O2
(gcide) | tetrahydrocannabinol \tet`ra*hy`dro*can*nab"i*nol\
(t[e^]t`r[.a]*h[imac]`dr[-o]*k[a^]n*n[a^]b"[i^]n[add]l), n.
(Chem. & Med.)
A chemical substance (C21H20O2) which is produced by the
hemp plant (Cannabis sativa), and is the physiologically
active agent of dried preparations of that plant, called
variously marijuana, hashish, ganja, hemp, etc.; also called
THC. It causes the euphoric effect for which the
preparations are smoked or chewed. It is used in medicine in
a purified form as an antiemetic (an antinausea agent),
especially in conjunction with chemotherapy of cancer. It
occurs primarily as the [Delta]1-3,4-trans isomer, also
called [Delta]9-THC, with small amounts of the
[Delta]6-3,4-trans isomer detectable at about 1%. It is a
controlled substance, classified as a hallucinogen, and its
possession or distribution is illegal in almost all states of
the United States. --MI11
[PJC] |
C21H28O5
(gcide) | cortisone \cortisone\ n. (Chem.)
a corticosteroid hormone (C21H28O5) produced by the adrenal
cortex. It is used in medicine as an antiinflammatory agent.
[WordNet 1.5] |
C22H23NO7
(gcide) | opianine \o"pi*a*nine\, n. (Chem.)
An alkaloid (C22H23NO7) found in small quantity in opium.
It is identical with narcotine. It is present in amounts up
to 11% in Papaver somniferum, and is used clinically as an
antitussive. --MI11
Syn: noscapine; narcosine; opian.
[1913 Webster +PJC] |
C23H22O6
(gcide) | rotenone \ro"te*none\, n.
A chemical substance (C23H22O6) extracted from the root of
the derris (Derris elliptica, Derris malaccensis, and
other species), used in treatment of scabies and as an
insecticide for external infestation by chiggers in human
medicine, and in veterinary medicine for the treatment of
infestations with fleas, ticks, and lice.
[PJC] |
C26H29NO
(gcide) | Tamoxifen \Ta*mox"i*fen\ (t[a^]*m[o^]k"s[i^]*f[e^]n), n.
a chemical compound (C26H29NO) which is non-steroidal but
physiogically active as an estrogen antagonist. It is used to
treat postmenopausal breast cancer. Chemically it is
1-p-dimethylaminoethoxyphenyl-trans-1,2-diphenyl-but-1-ene.
It can be obtained as a white crystalline powder. --[MI11]
Syn: Kessar; Noltam; Nolvadex; Tamofen; Tamoxasta; Terimon;
Xynoplex. [PJC] |
C2H2CO2H2
(gcide) | Fumaric \Fu*mar"ic\, a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or derived from, fumitory ({Fumaria
officinalis}).
[1913 Webster]
Fumaric acid (Chem.), a widely occurring organic acid,
extracted from fumitory as a white crystallline substance,
C2H2(CO2H)2, and produced artificially in many ways, as
by the distillation of malic acid; boletic acid. It is
found also in the lichen, Iceland moss, and hence was also
called lichenic acid.
[1913 Webster] |
C2H2N4
(gcide) | Tetrazine \Tet*raz"ine\, n. Also -in \-in\ . [Tetrazo- + -ine.]
(Chem.)
A hypothetical compound, C2H2N4 which may be regarded as
benzene with four CH groups replaced by nitrogen atoms;
also, any of various derivatives of the same. There are three
isomeric varieties.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.] |
C2H2OH2CO2H2
(gcide) | Tartaric \Tar*tar"ic\, a. (Chem.)
Of or pertaining to tartar; derived from, or resembling,
tartar.
[1913 Webster]
Tartaric acid. (a) An acid widely diffused throughout the
vegetable kingdom, as in grapes, mountain-ash berries,
etc., and obtained from tartar as a white crystalline
substance, C2H2(OH)2.(CO2H)2, having a strong pure acid
taste. It is used in medicine, in dyeing, calico printing,
photography, etc., and also as a substitute for lemon
juice. Called also dextro-tartaric acid.
(b) By extension, any one of the series of isomeric acids
(racemic acid, levotartaric acid, inactive tartaric acid)
of which tartaric acid proper is the type.
[1913 Webster] |
C2H4NH2
(gcide) | Piperazine \Pi*per"a*zine\, n. Also -zin \-zin\ . [Piperidine +
azote + -ine.] (Chem.)
A crystalline substance, (C2H4NH)2, formed by action of
ammonia on ethylene bromide, by reduction of pyrazine, etc.
It is a strong base, and is used as a remedy for gout.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.] |
C2H4NH22
(gcide) | Diamine \Di*am"ine\ (?; 104), n. [Pref. di- + amine.] (Chem.)
A compound containing two amido groups united with one or
more basic or positive radicals, -- as contrasted with a
diamide.
[1913 Webster]
Note: In chemical nomenclature, if any amine or diamine is
named by prefixing the nitrogen group, the name of the
latter takes the form of amido, diamido, etc., thus
ethylene diamine, C2H4.(NH2)2, is also called
diamido-ethylene.
[1913 Webster] |
C2H4OH2
(gcide) | Glycol \Gly"col\, n. [Glycerin + -ol. See Glycerin.] (Chem.)
(a) A thick, colorless liquid, C2H4(OH)2, of a sweetish
taste, produced artificially from certain ethylene
compounds. It is a diacid alcohol, intermediate between
ordinary ethyl alcohol and glycerin.
[1913 Webster] |
C2H5NH2
(gcide) | Ethylamine \Eth`yl*am"ine\, n. [Ethyl + amine.] (Chem.)
A colorless, mobile, inflammable liquid, C2H5.NH2, very
volatile and with an ammoniacal odor. It is a strong base,
and is a derivative of ammonia. Called also {ethyl
carbamine}, and amido ethane.
[1913 Webster] |
C2H5OCSNH2
(gcide) | Xanthamide \Xanth*am"ide\, n. [Xanthic + amide.] (Chem.)
An amido derivative of xanthic acid obtained as a white
crystalline substance, C2H5O.CS.NH2; -- called also
xanthogen amide.
[1913 Webster] |
C2N2O2H2
(gcide) | Polymeric \Pol`y*mer"ic\, a. [Poly- + Gr. ? part.] (Chem.)
Having the same percentage composition (that is, having the
same elements united in the same proportion by weight), but
different molecular weights; -- often used with with; thus,
cyanic acid (CNOH), fulminic acid (C2N2O2H2), and
cyanuric acid (C3N3O3H3), are polymeric with each other.
[1913 Webster]
Note: The figures expressing the number of atoms of each
element in a number of polymeric substances are
respectively multiples and factors of each other, or
have some simple common divisor. The relation may be
merely a numerical one, as in the example given above,
or a chemical one, as in the case of aldehyde,
paraldehyde, and metaldehyde.
[1913 Webster]
[1913 Webster] |
C2O2NH22
(gcide) | Oxamide \Ox*am"ide\, n, [Oxalic + amide.] (Chem.)
A white crystalline neutral substance (C2O2(NH2)2) obtained
by treating ethyl oxalate with ammonia. It is the acid amide
of oxalic acid. Formerly called also oxalamide.
[1913 Webster] |
C3H4CO2H2
(gcide) | Citraconic \Cit`ra*con"ic\, a. [Citric + aconitic.]
Pertaining to, derived from, or having certain
characteristics of, citric and aconitic acids.
[1913 Webster]
Citraconic acid (Chem.), a white, crystalline, deliquescent
substance, C3H4(CO2H)2, obtained by distillation of
citric acid. It is a compound of the ethylene series.
[1913 Webster] |
C3H7C6H4NH2
(gcide) | Cumidine \Cu"mi*dine\ (k?"m?-d?n or -d?n), n. [From Cumin.]
(Chem.)
A strong, liquid, organic base, C3H7.C6H4.NH2, homologous
with aniline.
[1913 Webster] |
C3N2H2O3
(gcide) | Parabanic \Par`a*ban"ic\, a. [Gr. ? to pass over.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or designating, a nitrogenous acid which is
obtained by the oxidation of uric acid, as a white
crystalline substance (C3N2H2O3); -- also called oxalyl
urea.
[1913 Webster] |
C4H8N2O3H2O
(gcide) | Asparagine \As*par"a*gine\, n. [Cf. F. asparagine.] (Chem.)
A white, nitrogenous, crystallizable substance,
C4H8N2O3+H2O, found in many plants, and first obtained from
asparagus. It is believed to aid in the disposition of
nitrogenous matter throughout the plant; -- called also
altheine.
[1913 Webster] |
C4H9NH2
(gcide) | Butylamine \Bu`tyl*am"ine\, n. [Butyric + -yl + amine.] (Org.
Chem.)
A colorless liquid base, C4H9.NH2, of which there are four
isomeric varieties.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.] |
C5H10CO2H2
(gcide) | Pimelic \Pi*mel"ic\ (p[i^]*m[e^]l"[i^]k), a. [Gr. pimelh` fat.]
(Chem.)
(a) Pertaining to, or designating, a substance obtained from
certain fatty substances, and subsequently shown to be a
mixture of suberic and adipic acids.
(b) Designating the acid proper (C5H10(CO2H)2) which is
obtained from camphoric acid.
[1913 Webster] |
C5H8NNaO4H2O
(gcide) | monosodium glutamate \monosodium glutamate\ n.
The monosodium salt of the natural amino acid L-glutamine
(C5H8NNaO4), used as a food additive to enhance flavor;
abbreviated MSG. It is usually marketed as the monhydrate
(C5H8NNaO4.H2O). It is commmonly used in Chinese-American
restaurants, and has been identified as a main cause of
Chinese restaurant syndrome.
[WordNet 1.5] |
C5O3OH2
(gcide) | Croconic \Cro*con"ic\ (kr?-k?n"?k), a. [Gr. ???? saffron.]
1. Of, pertaining to, or resembling saffron; having the color
of saffron; as, croconic acid.
[1913 Webster]
2. Pertaining to, or derived from, croconic acid.
[1913 Webster]
Croconic acid (Chem.), a yellow crystalline substance,
C5O3(OH)2, obtained from potassium carboxide, rhodizonic
acid, and various phenol and quinone derivatives of
benzene, and forming yellow or orange colored salts.
[1913 Webster] |
C6H12CO2H2
(gcide) | Suberic \Su*ber"ic\, a. [L. suber the cork tree: cf. F.
sub['e]reque.] (Chem.)
Of or pertaining to cork; specifically, designating an acid,
C6H12.(CO2H)2, homologous with oxalic acid, and obtained
from cork and certain fatty oils, as a white crystalline
substance.
[1913 Webster] |
C6H2Br3OH
(gcide) | Bromol \Bro"mol\, n. [Abbr. fr. tribromophenol.] (Pharm.)
A crystalline substance (chemically, tribromophenol,
C6H2Br3OH), used as an antiseptic and disinfectant.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.] |
C6H2CH34
(gcide) | Durene \Du"rene\, n. [L. durus hard; -- so called because solid
at ordinary temperatures.] (Chem.)
A colorless, crystalline, aromatic hydrocarbon, C6H2(CH3)4,
off artificial production, with an odor like camphor.
[1913 Webster] |
C6H2HO3CO2H
(gcide) | Gallic \Gal"lic\ (277), a. [From Gall the excrescence.]
Pertaining to, or derived from, galls, nutgalls, and the
like.
[1913 Webster]
Gallic acid (Chem.), an organic acid, very widely
distributed in the vegetable kingdom, being found in the
free state in galls, tea, etc., and produced artificially.
It is a white, crystalline substance, C6H2(HO)3.CO2H,
with an astringent taste, and is a strong reducing agent,
as employed in photography. It is usually prepared from
tannin, and both give a dark color with iron salts,
forming tannate and gallate of iron, which are the
essential ingredients of common black ink.
[1913 Webster] |
C6H2NO23OH
(gcide) | Picric \Pi"cric\, a. [Gr. ? bitter.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or designating, a strong organic acid (called
picric acid), intensely bitter.
[1913 Webster]
Note: Picric acid is obtained by treating phenol with strong
nitric acid, as a brilliant yellow crystalline
substance, C6H2(NO2)3.OH. It is used in dyeing silk
and wool, and also in the manufacture of explosives, as
it is very unstable when heated. Called also
trinitrophenol, and formerly carbazotic acid.
[1913 Webster] |
C6H3CH3OH2
(gcide) | Orcin \Or"cin\, n. [Etymology uncertain: cf. F. orcine.] (Chem.)
A colorless crystalline substance, C6H3.CH3.(OH)2, which is
obtained from certain lichens (Roccella, Lecanora, etc.),
also from extract of aloes, and artificially from certain
derivatives of toluene. It changes readily into orcein.
[1913 Webster] |
C6H3OHNH22
(gcide) | Amidol \Am"i*dol\, n. [Amide + -ol as in alcohol.] (Photog. &
Chem.)
A salt of a diamino phenol, C6H3(OH)(NH2)2, used as a
developer.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.] |
C6H4C2H2C6H4
(gcide) | Anthracene \An"thra*cene\, n. [Gr. 'a`nqrax coal.] (Chem.)
A solid hydrocarbon, C6H4.C2H2.C6H4, which accompanies
naphthalene in the last stages of the distillation of coal
tar. Its chief use is in the artificial production of
alizarin. [Written also anthracin.]
[1913 Webster] |
C6H4CH22
(gcide) | Tolylene \Tol"yl*ene\, n. (Chem.)
A hydrocarbon radical, C6H4.(CH2)2, regarded as
characteristic of certain toluene derivatives.
[1913 Webster] |
C6H4CO2H2
(gcide) | Phthalic \Phthal"ic\, a. [Naphthalene + -ic.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or designating, a dibasic acid obtained by the
oxidation of naphthalene and allied substances.
[1913 Webster]
Phthalic acid (Chem.), a white crystalline substance,
C6H4.(CO2H)2, analogous to benzoic acid, and employed in
the brilliant dyestuffs called the phthaleins.
[1913 Webster] |
C6H4OH2
(gcide) | Hydroquinone \Hy`dro*qui"none\, n. [Hydro-, 2 + quinone.]
(Chem.)
A white crystalline substance, C6H4(OH)2, obtained by the
reduction of quinone. It is a diacid phenol, resembling, and
metameric with, pyrocatechin and resorcin. Called also
dihydroxy benzene.
[1913 Webster]Oxyphenol \Ox`y*phe"nol\, n. (Chem.)
A phenol, C6H4(OH)2, produced by the distillation of
catechin; called also oxyphenic acid, and now
pyrocatechin.
[1913 Webster]Pyrocatechin \Pyr`o*cat"e*chin\, n. [Pyro- + catechu.] (Chem.)
A white crystalline substance, C6H4(OH)2, of the phenol
series, found in various plants; -- so called because first
obtained by distillation of gum catechu. Called also
catechol, oxyphenol. etc.
[1913 Webster] |
C6H5C2H22C
(gcide) | Cinnamyl \Cin"na*myl\, n. [Cinnamic + -yl.] (Chem.)
The hypothetical radical, (C6H5.C2H2)2C, of cinnamic
compounds. [Formerly written also cinnamule.]
[1913 Webster] |
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