| slovo | definícia |
longitude
(mass) | longitude
- dĺžka |
longitude
(encz) | longitude,délka n: Zdeněk Brož |
longitude
(encz) | longitude,zeměpisná délka n: Zdeněk Brož |
Longitude
(gcide) | Longitude \Lon"gi*tude\, n. [F., fr. L. longitudo, fr. longus
long.]
1. Length; measure or distance along the longest line; --
distinguished from breadth or thickness; as, the
longitude of a room; rare now, except in a humorous sense.
--Sir H. Wotton.
[1913 Webster]
The longitude of their cloaks. --Sir. W.
Scott.
[1913 Webster]
Mine [shadow] spindling into longitude immense.
--Cowper.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Geog.) The arc or portion of the equator intersected
between the meridian of a given place and the meridian of
some other place from which longitude is reckoned, as from
Greenwich, England, or sometimes from the capital of a
country, as from Washington or Paris. The longitude of a
place is expressed either in degrees or in time; as, that
of New York is 74[deg] or 4 h. 56 min. west of Greenwich.
[1913 Webster]
3. (Astron.) The distance in degrees, reckoned from the
vernal equinox, on the ecliptic, to a circle at right
angles to the ecliptic passing through the heavenly body
whose longitude is designated; as, the longitude of
Capella is 79[deg].
[1913 Webster]
Geocentric longitude (Astron.), the longitude of a heavenly
body as seen from the earth.
Heliocentric longitude, the longitude of a heavenly body,
as seen from the sun's center.
Longitude stars, certain stars whose position is known, and
the data in regard to which are used in observations for
finding the longitude, as by lunar distances.
[1913 Webster] |
longitude
(gcide) | Refraction \Re*frac"tion\ (r?*fr?k"sh?n), n. [F. r['e]fraction.]
1. The act of refracting, or the state of being refracted.
[1913 Webster]
2. The change in the direction of ray of light, heat, or the
like, when it enters obliquely a medium of a different
density from that through which it has previously moved.
[1913 Webster]
Refraction out of the rarer medium into the denser,
is made towards the perpendicular. --Sir I.
Newton.
[1913 Webster]
3. (Astron.)
(a) The change in the direction of a ray of light, and,
consequently, in the apparent position of a heavenly
body from which it emanates, arising from its passage
through the earth's atmosphere; -- hence distinguished
as atmospheric refraction, or astronomical refraction.
(b) The correction which is to be deducted from the
apparent altitude of a heavenly body on account of
atmospheric refraction, in order to obtain the true
altitude.
[1913 Webster]
Angle of refraction (Opt.), the angle which a refracted ray
makes with the perpendicular to the surface separating the
two media traversed by the ray.
Conical refraction (Opt.), the refraction of a ray of light
into an infinite number of rays, forming a hollow cone.
This occurs when a ray of light is passed through crystals
of some substances, under certain circumstances. Conical
refraction is of two kinds; external conical refraction,
in which the ray issues from the crystal in the form of a
cone, the vertex of which is at the point of emergence;
and internal conical refraction, in which the ray is
changed into the form of a cone on entering the crystal,
from which it issues in the form of a hollow cylinder.
This singular phenomenon was first discovered by Sir W. R.
Hamilton by mathematical reasoning alone, unaided by
experiment.
Differential refraction (Astron.), the change of the
apparent place of one object relative to a second object
near it, due to refraction; also, the correction required
to be made to the observed relative places of the two
bodies.
Double refraction (Opt.), the refraction of light in two
directions, which produces two distinct images. The power
of double refraction is possessed by all crystals except
those of the isometric system. A uniaxial crystal is said
to be optically positive (like quartz), or optically
negative (like calcite), or to have positive, or negative,
double refraction, according as the optic axis is the axis
of least or greatest elasticity for light; a biaxial
crystal is similarly designated when the same relation
holds for the acute bisectrix.
Index of refraction. See under Index.
Refraction circle (Opt.), an instrument provided with a
graduated circle for the measurement of refraction.
Refraction of latitude, longitude, declination, {right
ascension}, etc., the change in the apparent latitude,
longitude, etc., of a heavenly body, due to the effect of
atmospheric refraction.
Terrestrial refraction, the change in the apparent altitude
of a distant point on or near the earth's surface, as the
top of a mountain, arising from the passage of light from
it to the eye through atmospheric strata of varying
density.
[1913 Webster] |
longitude
(gcide) | Heliocentric \He`li*o*cen"tric\
(h[=e]`l[i^]*[-o]*s[e^]n"tr[i^]k), Heliocentrical
\He`li*o*cen"tric"al\ (h[=e]`l[i^]*[-o]*s[e^]n"tr[i^]*kal), a.
[Helio- + centric, centrical: cf. F. h['e]liocentrique.]
(Astron.)
pertaining to the sun's center, or appearing to be seen from
it; having, or relating to, the sun as a center; -- opposed
to geocentrical.
[1913 Webster]
Heliocentric parallax. See under Parallax.
Heliocentric place, latitude, longitude, etc. (of a
heavenly body), the direction, latitude, longitude, etc.,
of the body as viewed from the sun.
[1913 Webster] |
longitude
(wn) | longitude
n 1: the angular distance between a point on any meridian and
the prime meridian at Greenwich |
| | podobné slovo | definícia |
celestial longitude
(encz) | celestial longitude, n: |
line of longitude
(encz) | line of longitude, n: |
Circles of longitude
(gcide) | Circle \Cir"cle\ (s[~e]r"k'l), n. [OE. cercle, F. cercle, fr. L.
circulus (Whence also AS. circul), dim. of circus circle,
akin to Gr. kri`kos, ki`rkos, circle, ring. Cf. Circus,
Circum-.]
[1913 Webster]
1. A plane figure, bounded by a single curve line called its
circumference, every part of which is equally distant from
a point within it, called the center.
[1913 Webster]
2. The line that bounds such a figure; a circumference; a
ring.
[1913 Webster]
3. (Astron.) An instrument of observation, the graduated limb
of which consists of an entire circle.
[1913 Webster]
Note: When it is fixed to a wall in an observatory, it is
called a mural circle; when mounted with a telescope
on an axis and in Y's, in the plane of the meridian, a
meridian circle or transit circle; when involving
the principle of reflection, like the sextant, a
reflecting circle; and when that of repeating an
angle several times continuously along the graduated
limb, a repeating circle.
[1913 Webster]
4. A round body; a sphere; an orb.
[1913 Webster]
It is he that sitteth upon the circle of the earth.
--Is. xi. 22.
[1913 Webster]
5. Compass; circuit; inclosure.
[1913 Webster]
In the circle of this forest. --Shak.
[1913 Webster]
6. A company assembled, or conceived to assemble, about a
central point of interest, or bound by a common tie; a
class or division of society; a coterie; a set.
[1913 Webster]
As his name gradually became known, the circle of
his acquaintance widened. --Macaulay.
[1913 Webster]
7. A circular group of persons; a ring.
[1913 Webster]
8. A series ending where it begins, and repeating itself.
[1913 Webster]
Thus in a circle runs the peasant's pain. --Dryden.
[1913 Webster]
9. (Logic) A form of argument in which two or more unproved
statements are used to prove each other; inconclusive
reasoning.
[1913 Webster]
That heavy bodies descend by gravity; and, again,
that gravity is a quality whereby a heavy body
descends, is an impertinent circle and teaches
nothing. --Glanvill.
[1913 Webster]
10. Indirect form of words; circumlocution. [R.]
[1913 Webster]
Has he given the lie,
In circle, or oblique, or semicircle. --J.
Fletcher.
[1913 Webster]
11. A territorial division or district.
[1913 Webster]
Note:
The Circles of the Holy Roman Empire, ten in number, were
those principalities or provinces which had seats in the
German Diet.
[1913 Webster]
Azimuth circle. See under Azimuth.
Circle of altitude (Astron.), a circle parallel to the
horizon, having its pole in the zenith; an almucantar.
Circle of curvature. See Osculating circle of a curve
(Below).
Circle of declination. See under Declination.
Circle of latitude.
(a) (Astron.) A great circle perpendicular to the plane
of the ecliptic, passing through its poles.
(b) (Spherical Projection) A small circle of the sphere
whose plane is perpendicular to the axis.
Circles of longitude, lesser circles parallel to the
ecliptic, diminishing as they recede from it.
Circle of perpetual apparition, at any given place, the
boundary of that space around the elevated pole, within
which the stars never set. Its distance from the pole is
equal to the latitude of the place.
Circle of perpetual occultation, at any given place, the
boundary of the space around the depressed pole, within
which the stars never rise.
Circle of the sphere, a circle upon the surface of the
sphere, called a great circle when its plane passes
through the center of the sphere; in all other cases, a
small circle.
Diurnal circle. See under Diurnal.
Dress circle, a gallery in a theater, generally the one
containing the prominent and more expensive seats.
Druidical circles (Eng. Antiq.), a popular name for certain
ancient inclosures formed by rude stones circularly
arranged, as at Stonehenge, near Salisbury.
Family circle, a gallery in a theater, usually one
containing inexpensive seats.
Horary circles (Dialing), the lines on dials which show the
hours.
Osculating circle of a curve (Geom.), the circle which
touches the curve at some point in the curve, and close to
the point more nearly coincides with the curve than any
other circle. This circle is used as a measure of the
curvature of the curve at the point, and hence is called
circle of curvature.
Pitch circle. See under Pitch.
Vertical circle, an azimuth circle.
Voltaic circuit or Voltaic circle. See under Circuit.
To square the circle. See under Square.
Syn: Ring; circlet; compass; circuit; inclosure.
[1913 Webster] |
Degree of longitude
(gcide) | Degree \De*gree"\, n. [F. degr['e], OF. degret, fr. LL.
degradare. See Degrade.]
1. A step, stair, or staircase. [Obs.]
[1913 Webster]
By ladders, or else by degree. --Rom. of R.
[1913 Webster]
2. One of a series of progressive steps upward or downward,
in quality, rank, acquirement, and the like; a stage in
progression; grade; gradation; as, degrees of vice and
virtue; to advance by slow degrees; degree of comparison.
[1913 Webster]
3. The point or step of progression to which a person has
arrived; rank or station in life; position. "A dame of
high degree." --Dryden. "A knight is your degree." --Shak.
"Lord or lady of high degree." --Lowell.
[1913 Webster]
4. Measure of advancement; quality; extent; as, tastes differ
in kind as well as in degree.
[1913 Webster]
The degree of excellence which proclaims genius, is
different in different times and different places.
--Sir. J.
Reynolds.
[1913 Webster]
5. Grade or rank to which scholars are admitted by a college
or university, in recognition of their attainments; also,
(informal) the diploma provided by an educational
institution attesting to the achievement of that rank; as,
the degree of bachelor of arts, master, doctor, etc.; to
hang one's degrees on the office wall.
[1913 Webster +PJC]
Note: In the United States diplomas are usually given as the
evidence of a degree conferred. In the humanities the
first degree is that of bachelor of arts (B. A. or A.
B.); the second that of master of arts (M. A. or A.
M.). The degree of bachelor (of arts, science,
divinity, law, etc.) is conferred upon those who
complete a prescribed course of undergraduate study.
The first degree in medicine is that of {doctor of
medicine} (M. D.). The degrees of master and doctor are
also conferred, in course, upon those who have
completed certain prescribed postgraduate studies, as
doctor of philosophy (Ph. D.); the degree of doctor
is also conferred as a complimentary recognition of
eminent services in science or letters, or for public
services or distinction (as doctor of laws (LL. D.)
or doctor of divinity (D. D.), when they are called
honorary degrees.
[1913 Webster]
The youth attained his bachelor's degree, and
left the university. --Macaulay.
[1913 Webster]
6. (Genealogy) A certain distance or remove in the line of
descent, determining the proximity of blood; one remove in
the chain of relationship; as, a relation in the third or
fourth degree.
[1913 Webster]
In the 11th century an opinion began to gain ground
in Italy, that third cousins might marry, being in
the seventh degree according to the civil law.
--Hallam.
[1913 Webster]
7. (Arith.) Three figures taken together in numeration; thus,
140 is one degree, 222,140 two degrees.
[1913 Webster]
8. (Algebra) State as indicated by sum of exponents; more
particularly, the degree of a term is indicated by the sum
of the exponents of its literal factors; thus, a^2b^3c
is a term of the sixth degree. The degree of a power, or
radical, is denoted by its index, that of an equation by
the greatest sum of the exponents of the unknown
quantities in any term; thus, ax^4 + bx^2 = c, and
mx^2y^2 + nyx = p, are both equations of the fourth
degree.
[1913 Webster]
9. (Trig.) A 360th part of the circumference of a circle,
which part is taken as the principal unit of measure for
arcs and angles. The degree is divided into 60 minutes and
the minute into 60 seconds.
[1913 Webster]
10. A division, space, or interval, marked on a mathematical
or other instrument, as on a thermometer.
11. (Mus.) A line or space of the staff.
[1913 Webster]
Note: The short lines and their spaces are added degrees.
[1913 Webster]
Accumulation of degrees. (Eng. Univ.) See under
Accumulation.
By degrees, step by step; by little and little; by moderate
advances. "I'll leave it by degrees." --Shak.
Degree of a curve or Degree of a surface (Geom.), the
number which expresses the degree of the equation of the
curve or surface in rectilinear coordinates. A straight
line will, in general, meet the curve or surface in a
number of points equal to the degree of the curve or
surface and no more.
Degree of latitude (Geog.), on the earth, the distance on a
meridian between two parallels of latitude whose latitudes
differ from each other by one degree. This distance is not
the same on different parts of a meridian, on account of
the flattened figure of the earth, being 68.702 statute
miles at the equator, and 69.396 at the poles.
Degree of longitude, the distance on a parallel of latitude
between two meridians that make an angle of one degree
with each other at the poles -- a distance which varies as
the cosine of the latitude, being at the equator 69.16
statute miles.
To a degree, to an extreme; exceedingly; as, mendacious to
a degree.
[1913 Webster]
It has been said that Scotsmen . . . are . . . grave
to a degree on occasions when races more favored by
nature are gladsome to excess. --Prof.
Wilson.
[1913 Webster] |
Geocentric longitude
(gcide) | Longitude \Lon"gi*tude\, n. [F., fr. L. longitudo, fr. longus
long.]
1. Length; measure or distance along the longest line; --
distinguished from breadth or thickness; as, the
longitude of a room; rare now, except in a humorous sense.
--Sir H. Wotton.
[1913 Webster]
The longitude of their cloaks. --Sir. W.
Scott.
[1913 Webster]
Mine [shadow] spindling into longitude immense.
--Cowper.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Geog.) The arc or portion of the equator intersected
between the meridian of a given place and the meridian of
some other place from which longitude is reckoned, as from
Greenwich, England, or sometimes from the capital of a
country, as from Washington or Paris. The longitude of a
place is expressed either in degrees or in time; as, that
of New York is 74[deg] or 4 h. 56 min. west of Greenwich.
[1913 Webster]
3. (Astron.) The distance in degrees, reckoned from the
vernal equinox, on the ecliptic, to a circle at right
angles to the ecliptic passing through the heavenly body
whose longitude is designated; as, the longitude of
Capella is 79[deg].
[1913 Webster]
Geocentric longitude (Astron.), the longitude of a heavenly
body as seen from the earth.
Heliocentric longitude, the longitude of a heavenly body,
as seen from the sun's center.
Longitude stars, certain stars whose position is known, and
the data in regard to which are used in observations for
finding the longitude, as by lunar distances.
[1913 Webster] |
Heliocentric longitude
(gcide) | Longitude \Lon"gi*tude\, n. [F., fr. L. longitudo, fr. longus
long.]
1. Length; measure or distance along the longest line; --
distinguished from breadth or thickness; as, the
longitude of a room; rare now, except in a humorous sense.
--Sir H. Wotton.
[1913 Webster]
The longitude of their cloaks. --Sir. W.
Scott.
[1913 Webster]
Mine [shadow] spindling into longitude immense.
--Cowper.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Geog.) The arc or portion of the equator intersected
between the meridian of a given place and the meridian of
some other place from which longitude is reckoned, as from
Greenwich, England, or sometimes from the capital of a
country, as from Washington or Paris. The longitude of a
place is expressed either in degrees or in time; as, that
of New York is 74[deg] or 4 h. 56 min. west of Greenwich.
[1913 Webster]
3. (Astron.) The distance in degrees, reckoned from the
vernal equinox, on the ecliptic, to a circle at right
angles to the ecliptic passing through the heavenly body
whose longitude is designated; as, the longitude of
Capella is 79[deg].
[1913 Webster]
Geocentric longitude (Astron.), the longitude of a heavenly
body as seen from the earth.
Heliocentric longitude, the longitude of a heavenly body,
as seen from the sun's center.
Longitude stars, certain stars whose position is known, and
the data in regard to which are used in observations for
finding the longitude, as by lunar distances.
[1913 Webster] |
Longitude
(gcide) | Longitude \Lon"gi*tude\, n. [F., fr. L. longitudo, fr. longus
long.]
1. Length; measure or distance along the longest line; --
distinguished from breadth or thickness; as, the
longitude of a room; rare now, except in a humorous sense.
--Sir H. Wotton.
[1913 Webster]
The longitude of their cloaks. --Sir. W.
Scott.
[1913 Webster]
Mine [shadow] spindling into longitude immense.
--Cowper.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Geog.) The arc or portion of the equator intersected
between the meridian of a given place and the meridian of
some other place from which longitude is reckoned, as from
Greenwich, England, or sometimes from the capital of a
country, as from Washington or Paris. The longitude of a
place is expressed either in degrees or in time; as, that
of New York is 74[deg] or 4 h. 56 min. west of Greenwich.
[1913 Webster]
3. (Astron.) The distance in degrees, reckoned from the
vernal equinox, on the ecliptic, to a circle at right
angles to the ecliptic passing through the heavenly body
whose longitude is designated; as, the longitude of
Capella is 79[deg].
[1913 Webster]
Geocentric longitude (Astron.), the longitude of a heavenly
body as seen from the earth.
Heliocentric longitude, the longitude of a heavenly body,
as seen from the sun's center.
Longitude stars, certain stars whose position is known, and
the data in regard to which are used in observations for
finding the longitude, as by lunar distances.
[1913 Webster]Refraction \Re*frac"tion\ (r?*fr?k"sh?n), n. [F. r['e]fraction.]
1. The act of refracting, or the state of being refracted.
[1913 Webster]
2. The change in the direction of ray of light, heat, or the
like, when it enters obliquely a medium of a different
density from that through which it has previously moved.
[1913 Webster]
Refraction out of the rarer medium into the denser,
is made towards the perpendicular. --Sir I.
Newton.
[1913 Webster]
3. (Astron.)
(a) The change in the direction of a ray of light, and,
consequently, in the apparent position of a heavenly
body from which it emanates, arising from its passage
through the earth's atmosphere; -- hence distinguished
as atmospheric refraction, or astronomical refraction.
(b) The correction which is to be deducted from the
apparent altitude of a heavenly body on account of
atmospheric refraction, in order to obtain the true
altitude.
[1913 Webster]
Angle of refraction (Opt.), the angle which a refracted ray
makes with the perpendicular to the surface separating the
two media traversed by the ray.
Conical refraction (Opt.), the refraction of a ray of light
into an infinite number of rays, forming a hollow cone.
This occurs when a ray of light is passed through crystals
of some substances, under certain circumstances. Conical
refraction is of two kinds; external conical refraction,
in which the ray issues from the crystal in the form of a
cone, the vertex of which is at the point of emergence;
and internal conical refraction, in which the ray is
changed into the form of a cone on entering the crystal,
from which it issues in the form of a hollow cylinder.
This singular phenomenon was first discovered by Sir W. R.
Hamilton by mathematical reasoning alone, unaided by
experiment.
Differential refraction (Astron.), the change of the
apparent place of one object relative to a second object
near it, due to refraction; also, the correction required
to be made to the observed relative places of the two
bodies.
Double refraction (Opt.), the refraction of light in two
directions, which produces two distinct images. The power
of double refraction is possessed by all crystals except
those of the isometric system. A uniaxial crystal is said
to be optically positive (like quartz), or optically
negative (like calcite), or to have positive, or negative,
double refraction, according as the optic axis is the axis
of least or greatest elasticity for light; a biaxial
crystal is similarly designated when the same relation
holds for the acute bisectrix.
Index of refraction. See under Index.
Refraction circle (Opt.), an instrument provided with a
graduated circle for the measurement of refraction.
Refraction of latitude, longitude, declination, {right
ascension}, etc., the change in the apparent latitude,
longitude, etc., of a heavenly body, due to the effect of
atmospheric refraction.
Terrestrial refraction, the change in the apparent altitude
of a distant point on or near the earth's surface, as the
top of a mountain, arising from the passage of light from
it to the eye through atmospheric strata of varying
density.
[1913 Webster]Heliocentric \He`li*o*cen"tric\
(h[=e]`l[i^]*[-o]*s[e^]n"tr[i^]k), Heliocentrical
\He`li*o*cen"tric"al\ (h[=e]`l[i^]*[-o]*s[e^]n"tr[i^]*kal), a.
[Helio- + centric, centrical: cf. F. h['e]liocentrique.]
(Astron.)
pertaining to the sun's center, or appearing to be seen from
it; having, or relating to, the sun as a center; -- opposed
to geocentrical.
[1913 Webster]
Heliocentric parallax. See under Parallax.
Heliocentric place, latitude, longitude, etc. (of a
heavenly body), the direction, latitude, longitude, etc.,
of the body as viewed from the sun.
[1913 Webster] |
Longitude stars
(gcide) | Longitude \Lon"gi*tude\, n. [F., fr. L. longitudo, fr. longus
long.]
1. Length; measure or distance along the longest line; --
distinguished from breadth or thickness; as, the
longitude of a room; rare now, except in a humorous sense.
--Sir H. Wotton.
[1913 Webster]
The longitude of their cloaks. --Sir. W.
Scott.
[1913 Webster]
Mine [shadow] spindling into longitude immense.
--Cowper.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Geog.) The arc or portion of the equator intersected
between the meridian of a given place and the meridian of
some other place from which longitude is reckoned, as from
Greenwich, England, or sometimes from the capital of a
country, as from Washington or Paris. The longitude of a
place is expressed either in degrees or in time; as, that
of New York is 74[deg] or 4 h. 56 min. west of Greenwich.
[1913 Webster]
3. (Astron.) The distance in degrees, reckoned from the
vernal equinox, on the ecliptic, to a circle at right
angles to the ecliptic passing through the heavenly body
whose longitude is designated; as, the longitude of
Capella is 79[deg].
[1913 Webster]
Geocentric longitude (Astron.), the longitude of a heavenly
body as seen from the earth.
Heliocentric longitude, the longitude of a heavenly body,
as seen from the sun's center.
Longitude stars, certain stars whose position is known, and
the data in regard to which are used in observations for
finding the longitude, as by lunar distances.
[1913 Webster] |
celestial longitude
(wn) | celestial longitude
n 1: (astronomy) the equatorial coordinate specifying the angle,
measured eastward along the celestial equator, from the
vernal equinox to the intersection of the hour circle that
passes through an object in the sky; usually expressed in
hours and minutes and seconds; used with declination to
specify positions on the celestial sphere; "one hour of
right ascension equals fifteen degrees" [syn: {right
ascension}, RA, celestial longitude] |
line of longitude
(wn) | line of longitude
n 1: an imaginary great circle on the surface of the earth
passing through the north and south poles at right angles
to the equator; "all points on the same meridian have the
same longitude" [syn: meridian, line of longitude] |
|