| slovo | definícia |
theory
(mass) | theory
- teória |
theory
(encz) | theory,dohad n: Zdeněk Brož |
theory
(encz) | theory,domněnka n: Zdeněk Brož |
theory
(encz) | theory,názor n: Zdeněk Brož |
theory
(encz) | theory,teorie n: Zdeněk Brož |
Theory
(gcide) | Theory \The"o*ry\, n.; pl. Theories. [F. th['e]orie, L.
theoria, Gr. ? a beholding, spectacle, contemplation,
speculation, fr. ? a spectator, ? to see, view. See
Theater.]
1. A doctrine, or scheme of things, which terminates in
speculation or contemplation, without a view to practice;
hypothesis; speculation.
[1913 Webster]
Note: "This word is employed by English writers in a very
loose and improper sense. It is with them usually
convertible into hypothesis, and hypothesis is commonly
used as another term for conjecture. The terms theory
and theoretical are properly used in opposition to the
terms practice and practical. In this sense, they were
exclusively employed by the ancients; and in this
sense, they are almost exclusively employed by the
Continental philosophers." --Sir W. Hamilton.
[1913 Webster]
2. An exposition of the general or abstract principles of any
science; as, the theory of music.
[1913 Webster]
3. The science, as distinguished from the art; as, the theory
and practice of medicine.
[1913 Webster]
4. The philosophical explanation of phenomena, either
physical or moral; as, Lavoisier's theory of combustion;
Adam Smith's theory of moral sentiments.
[1913 Webster]
Atomic theory, Binary theory, etc. See under Atomic,
Binary, etc.
[1913 Webster]
Syn: Hypothesis, speculation.
Usage: Theory, Hypothesis. A theory is a scheme of the
relations subsisting between the parts of a systematic
whole; an hypothesis is a tentative conjecture
respecting a cause of phenomena.
[1913 Webster] Theosoph |
theory
(wn) | theory
n 1: a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the
natural world; an organized system of accepted knowledge
that applies in a variety of circumstances to explain a
specific set of phenomena; "theories can incorporate facts
and laws and tested hypotheses"; "true in fact and theory"
2: a tentative insight into the natural world; a concept that is
not yet verified but that if true would explain certain facts
or phenomena; "a scientific hypothesis that survives
experimental testing becomes a scientific theory"; "he
proposed a fresh theory of alkalis that later was accepted in
chemical practices" [syn: hypothesis, possibility,
theory]
3: a belief that can guide behavior; "the architect has a theory
that more is less"; "they killed him on the theory that dead
men tell no tales" |
theory
(foldoc) | theory
The consensus, idea, plan, story, or set of rules that is
currently being used to inform a behaviour. This usage is a
generalisation and (deliberate) abuse of the technical
meaning. "What's the theory on fixing this TECO loss?"
"What's the theory on dinner tonight?" ("Chinatown, I
guess.") "What's the current theory on letting lusers on
during the day?" "The theory behind this change is to fix the
following well-known screw...."
(1994-12-14)
|
theory
(jargon) | theory
n.
The consensus, idea, plan, story, or set of rules that is currently being
used to inform a behavior. This usage is a generalization and (deliberate)
abuse of the technical meaning. “What's the theory on fixing this TECO
loss?” “What's the theory on dinner tonight?” (“Chinatown, I guess.”) “
What's the current theory on letting lusers on during the day?” “The theory
behind this change is to fix the following well-known screw....”
|
| | podobné slovo | definícia |
big bang theory
(encz) | big bang theory,teorie velkého třesku |
cell theory
(encz) | cell theory, n: |
communication theory
(encz) | communication theory, n: |
corpuscular theory
(encz) | corpuscular theory, n: |
corpuscular theory of light
(encz) | corpuscular theory of light, n: |
crude quantity theory
(encz) | crude quantity theory,hrubá kvantitativní teorie [eko.] RNDr. Pavel
Piskač |
domino theory
(encz) | domino theory, |
economic theory
(encz) | economic theory, n: |
field theory
(encz) | field theory, n: |
game theory
(encz) | game theory, n: |
general relativity theory
(encz) | general relativity theory, n: |
general theory of relativity
(encz) | general theory of relativity, n: |
germ theory
(encz) | germ theory, n: |
gravitational theory
(encz) | gravitational theory, n: |
group theory
(encz) | group theory, n: |
holistic theory
(encz) | holistic theory, n: |
in theory
(encz) | in theory, adv: |
information theory
(encz) | information theory, n: |
inventory theory
(encz) | inventory theory,teorie inventarizace [eko.] RNDr. Pavel Piskač |
kinetic theory
(encz) | kinetic theory, n: |
kinetic theory of gases
(encz) | kinetic theory of gases, n: |
kinetic theory of heat
(encz) | kinetic theory of heat, n: |
marginal productivity theory of income distribution
(encz) | marginal productivity theory of income distribution,teorie mezní
produktivity rozdělování důchodů [eko.] RNDr. Pavel Piskač |
neo-classical theory of growth
(encz) | neo-classical theory of growth,neoklasická teorie růstu [eko.] RNDr.
Pavel Piskač |
philosophical theory
(encz) | philosophical theory, n: |
plate tectonic theory
(encz) | plate tectonic theory, n: |
political theory
(encz) | political theory, n: |
portfolio theory
(encz) | portfolio theory, |
probability theory
(encz) | probability theory, n: |
prospect theory
(encz) | prospect theory,teorie vyhlídek [eko.] RNDr. Pavel Piskač |
public-interest theory of regulation
(encz) | public-interest theory of regulation,teorie regulace veřejného
zájmu [eko.] RNDr. Pavel Piskač |
purchasing power parity theory
(encz) | purchasing power parity theory,teorie parity kupní síly [fin.] RNDr.
Pavel Piskač |
quantity theory of money
(encz) | quantity theory of money, |
quantum field theory
(encz) | quantum field theory, n: |
quantum theory
(encz) | quantum theory,kvantová teorie |
relativity theory
(encz) | relativity theory, n: |
scientific theory
(encz) | scientific theory, n: |
second-best theory
(encz) | second-best theory, |
set theory
(encz) | set theory, n: |
social consumption theory
(encz) | social consumption theory,teorie sociální spotřeby [eko.] RNDr. Pavel
Piskač |
special relativity theory
(encz) | special relativity theory, n: |
special theory of relativity
(encz) | special theory of relativity, n: |
special-interest theory of regulation
(encz) | special-interest theory of regulation,teorie regulace zvláštního
úroku [eko.] RNDr. Pavel Piskač |
steady state theory
(encz) | steady state theory, |
theory of dissociation
(encz) | theory of dissociation, n: |
theory of electrolytic dissociation
(encz) | theory of electrolytic dissociation, n: |
theory of evolution
(encz) | theory of evolution, n: |
theory of games
(encz) | theory of games, n: |
theory of gravitation
(encz) | theory of gravitation, n: |
theory of gravity
(encz) | theory of gravity, n: |
theory of indicators
(encz) | theory of indicators, n: |
theory of inheritance
(encz) | theory of inheritance, n: |
theory of occupational crowding
(encz) | theory of occupational crowding,teorie zaměstnaneckého
přehuštění [eko.] RNDr. Pavel Piskač |
theory of organic evolution
(encz) | theory of organic evolution, n: |
theory of preformation
(encz) | theory of preformation, n: |
theory of punctuated equilibrium
(encz) | theory of punctuated equilibrium, n: |
theory of relativity
(encz) | theory of relativity, n: |
theory science
(encz) | theory science,teoretická věda [eko.] RNDr. Pavel Piskač |
theory-based
(encz) | theory-based, adj: |
trickle down theory
(encz) | trickle down theory, |
undulatory theory
(encz) | undulatory theory, n: |
wave theory
(encz) | wave theory,vlnová teorie n: [fyz.] Petr Menšík |
wave theory of light
(encz) | wave theory of light,vlnová teorie světla n: [fyz.] Petr Menšík |
Atomic theory
(gcide) | Theory \The"o*ry\, n.; pl. Theories. [F. th['e]orie, L.
theoria, Gr. ? a beholding, spectacle, contemplation,
speculation, fr. ? a spectator, ? to see, view. See
Theater.]
1. A doctrine, or scheme of things, which terminates in
speculation or contemplation, without a view to practice;
hypothesis; speculation.
[1913 Webster]
Note: "This word is employed by English writers in a very
loose and improper sense. It is with them usually
convertible into hypothesis, and hypothesis is commonly
used as another term for conjecture. The terms theory
and theoretical are properly used in opposition to the
terms practice and practical. In this sense, they were
exclusively employed by the ancients; and in this
sense, they are almost exclusively employed by the
Continental philosophers." --Sir W. Hamilton.
[1913 Webster]
2. An exposition of the general or abstract principles of any
science; as, the theory of music.
[1913 Webster]
3. The science, as distinguished from the art; as, the theory
and practice of medicine.
[1913 Webster]
4. The philosophical explanation of phenomena, either
physical or moral; as, Lavoisier's theory of combustion;
Adam Smith's theory of moral sentiments.
[1913 Webster]
Atomic theory, Binary theory, etc. See under Atomic,
Binary, etc.
[1913 Webster]
Syn: Hypothesis, speculation.
Usage: Theory, Hypothesis. A theory is a scheme of the
relations subsisting between the parts of a systematic
whole; an hypothesis is a tentative conjecture
respecting a cause of phenomena.
[1913 Webster] TheosophAtomic \A*tom"ic\, Atomical \A*tom"ic*al\, a. [Cf. F. atomique.]
1. Of or pertaining to atoms.
[1913 Webster]
2. Extremely minute; tiny.
[1913 Webster]
Atomic bomb, see atom bomb in the vocabulary.
Atomic philosophy, or Doctrine of atoms, a system which,
assuming that atoms are endued with gravity and motion,
accounted thus for the origin and formation of all things.
This philosophy was first broached by Leucippus, was
developed by Democritus, and afterward improved by
Epicurus, and hence is sometimes denominated the Epicurean
philosophy.
Atomic theory, or the Doctrine of definite proportions
(Chem.), teaches that chemical combinations take place
between the supposed ultimate particles or atoms of
bodies, in some simple ratio, as of one to one, two to
three, or some other, always expressible in whole numbers.
Atomic weight (Chem.), the weight of the atom of an element
as compared with the weight of the atom of hydrogen, taken
as a standard.
[1913 Webster] |
big bang theory
(gcide) | big bang theory \big bang theory\ n. (Astronomy, Cosmology)
The theory that the known universe originated in an explosive
event (the big bang) in which all of the matter and energy
of the universe was contained in a single point and began to
rapidly expand and evolve, starting as high-energy particles
and radiation, and, as it cooled over time, evolving into
ordinary subatomic particles, atoms, and then stars and
galaxies. According to this theory, the four-dimensional
space-time continuum which we perceive as our universe
continues to expand to the present time, but it is unknown
whether the expansion will continue indefinitely or
eventually stop or even reverse, possibly leading to a
contraction to a single point sometimes referred to as the
"big crunch". The competing "Steady-state Theory" gradually
lost favor in the 1980's and 1990's. See also big bang.
[PJC] |
Binary theory
(gcide) | Theory \The"o*ry\, n.; pl. Theories. [F. th['e]orie, L.
theoria, Gr. ? a beholding, spectacle, contemplation,
speculation, fr. ? a spectator, ? to see, view. See
Theater.]
1. A doctrine, or scheme of things, which terminates in
speculation or contemplation, without a view to practice;
hypothesis; speculation.
[1913 Webster]
Note: "This word is employed by English writers in a very
loose and improper sense. It is with them usually
convertible into hypothesis, and hypothesis is commonly
used as another term for conjecture. The terms theory
and theoretical are properly used in opposition to the
terms practice and practical. In this sense, they were
exclusively employed by the ancients; and in this
sense, they are almost exclusively employed by the
Continental philosophers." --Sir W. Hamilton.
[1913 Webster]
2. An exposition of the general or abstract principles of any
science; as, the theory of music.
[1913 Webster]
3. The science, as distinguished from the art; as, the theory
and practice of medicine.
[1913 Webster]
4. The philosophical explanation of phenomena, either
physical or moral; as, Lavoisier's theory of combustion;
Adam Smith's theory of moral sentiments.
[1913 Webster]
Atomic theory, Binary theory, etc. See under Atomic,
Binary, etc.
[1913 Webster]
Syn: Hypothesis, speculation.
Usage: Theory, Hypothesis. A theory is a scheme of the
relations subsisting between the parts of a systematic
whole; an hypothesis is a tentative conjecture
respecting a cause of phenomena.
[1913 Webster] TheosophBinary \Bi"na*ry\, a. [L. binarius, fr. bini two by two, two at
a time, fr. root of bis twice; akin to E. two: cf. F.
binaire.]
Compounded or consisting of two things or parts;
characterized by two (things).
[1913 Webster]
Binary arithmetic, that in which numbers are expressed
according to the binary scale, or in which two figures
only, 0 and 1, are used, in lieu of ten; the cipher
multiplying everything by two, as in common arithmetic by
ten. Thus, 1 is one; 10 is two; 11 is three; 100 is four,
etc. --Davies & Peck.
Binary compound (Chem.), a compound of two elements, or of
an element and a compound performing the function of an
element, or of two compounds performing the function of
elements.
Binary logarithms, a system of logarithms devised by Euler
for facilitating musical calculations, in which 1 is the
logarithm of 2, instead of 10, as in the common
logarithms, and the modulus 1.442695 instead of .43429448.
Binary measure (Mus.), measure divisible by two or four;
common time.
Binary nomenclature (Nat. Hist.), nomenclature in which the
names designate both genus and species.
Binary scale (Arith.), a uniform scale of notation whose
ratio is two.
Binary star (Astron.), a double star whose members have a
revolution round their common center of gravity.
Binary theory (Chem.), the theory that all chemical
compounds consist of two constituents of opposite and
unlike qualities.
[1913 Webster] |
Cell theory
(gcide) | Cell \Cell\, n. [OF. celle, fr. L. cella; akin to celare to
hide, and E. hell, helm, conceal. Cf. Hall.]
1. A very small and close apartment, as in a prison or in a
monastery or convent; the hut of a hermit.
[1913 Webster]
The heroic confessor in his cell. --Macaulay.
[1913 Webster]
2. A small religious house attached to a monastery or
convent. "Cells or dependent priories." --Milman.
[1913 Webster]
3. Any small cavity, or hollow place.
[1913 Webster]
4. (Arch.)
(a) The space between the ribs of a vaulted roof.
(b) Same as Cella.
[1913 Webster]
5. (Elec.) A jar of vessel, or a division of a compound
vessel, for holding the exciting fluid of a battery.
[1913 Webster]
6. (Biol.) One of the minute elementary structures, of which
the greater part of the various tissues and organs of
animals and plants are composed.
[1913 Webster]
Note: All cells have their origin in the primary cell from
which the organism was developed. In the lowest animal
and vegetable forms, one single cell constitutes the
complete individual, such being called unicelluter
orgamisms. A typical cell is composed of a semifluid
mass of protoplasm, more or less granular, generally
containing in its center a nucleus which in turn
frequently contains one or more nucleoli, the whole
being surrounded by a thin membrane, the cell wall. In
some cells, as in those of blood, in the am[oe]ba, and
in embryonic cells (both vegetable and animal), there
is no restricting cell wall, while in some of the
unicelluliar organisms the nucleus is wholly wanting.
See Illust. of Bipolar.
[1913 Webster]
Air cell. See Air cell.
Cell development (called also cell genesis, {cell
formation}, and cytogenesis), the multiplication, of
cells by a process of reproduction under the following
common forms; segmentation or fission, gemmation or
budding, karyokinesis, and endogenous multiplication. See
Segmentation, Gemmation, etc.
Cell theory. (Biol.) See Cellular theory, under
Cellular.
[1913 Webster]Cellular \Cel"lu*lar\ (s[e^]l"[u^]*l[~e]r; 135), a. [L. cellula
a little cell: cf. F. cellulaire. See Cellule.]
1. Consisting of, or containing, cells; of or pertaining to a
cell or cells.
[1913 Webster]
2. porous; containing cavities.
[PJC]
3. pertaining to or using a system of transmission of
telephone signals by radio, in which areas are divided
into geographical parts (cells), each of which is served
by a transmitter whose range is limited to that region,
thus permitting a single transmission frequency to be used
simulataneously in different parts of the same area.
Cellular telephones are typically small and battery
powered, allowing a subscriber with such a telephone to
carry the telephone in a pocket or purse, over the entire
area served, and to be contacted by a single telephone
number. The system became widespread and popular in the
1980's and 1990's; as, cellular telephones sometimes lose
their link unpredictably.
[PJC]
Cellular plants, Cellular cryptogams (Bot.), those
flowerless plants which have no ducts or fiber in their
tissue, as mosses, fungi, lichens, and alg[ae].
Cellular theory, or Cell theory (Biol.), a theory,
according to which the essential element of every tissue,
either vegetable or animal, is a cell; the whole series of
cells having been formed from the development of the germ
cell and by differentiation converted into tissues and
organs which, both in plants and animals, are to be
considered as a mass of minute cells communicating with
each other.
Cellular tissue.
(a) (Anat.) See conjunctive tissue under Conjunctive.
(b) (Bot.) Tissue composed entirely of parenchyma, and
having no woody fiber or ducts.
[1913 Webster] |
Cellular theory
(gcide) | Cellular \Cel"lu*lar\ (s[e^]l"[u^]*l[~e]r; 135), a. [L. cellula
a little cell: cf. F. cellulaire. See Cellule.]
1. Consisting of, or containing, cells; of or pertaining to a
cell or cells.
[1913 Webster]
2. porous; containing cavities.
[PJC]
3. pertaining to or using a system of transmission of
telephone signals by radio, in which areas are divided
into geographical parts (cells), each of which is served
by a transmitter whose range is limited to that region,
thus permitting a single transmission frequency to be used
simulataneously in different parts of the same area.
Cellular telephones are typically small and battery
powered, allowing a subscriber with such a telephone to
carry the telephone in a pocket or purse, over the entire
area served, and to be contacted by a single telephone
number. The system became widespread and popular in the
1980's and 1990's; as, cellular telephones sometimes lose
their link unpredictably.
[PJC]
Cellular plants, Cellular cryptogams (Bot.), those
flowerless plants which have no ducts or fiber in their
tissue, as mosses, fungi, lichens, and alg[ae].
Cellular theory, or Cell theory (Biol.), a theory,
according to which the essential element of every tissue,
either vegetable or animal, is a cell; the whole series of
cells having been formed from the development of the germ
cell and by differentiation converted into tissues and
organs which, both in plants and animals, are to be
considered as a mass of minute cells communicating with
each other.
Cellular tissue.
(a) (Anat.) See conjunctive tissue under Conjunctive.
(b) (Bot.) Tissue composed entirely of parenchyma, and
having no woody fiber or ducts.
[1913 Webster] |
Control theory
(gcide) | Control theory \Con*trol" the`o*ry\, n. (Math., Engineering)
That branch of Mathematics and Engineering which deals with
the design, identification and analysis of systems with a
view towards controlling them, i. e., to make them perform
specific tasks or make them behave in a desired way.
[GG] |
Corpuscular theory
(gcide) | Corpuscular \Cor*pus"cu*lar\ (k?r-p?s"k?-l?r), a. [Cf. F.
corpusculaire.]
Pertaining to, or composed of, corpuscles, or small
particles.
[1913 Webster]
Corpuscular philosophy, that which attempts to account for
the phenomena of nature, by the motion, figure, rest,
position, etc., of the minute particles of matter.
Corpuscular theory (Opt.), the theory enunciated by Sir
Isaac Newton, that light consists in the emission and
rapid progression of minute particles or corpuscles. The
theory is now generally rejected, and supplanted by the
undulatory theory.
[1913 Webster] |
Development theory
(gcide) | Development \De*vel"op*ment\, n. [Cf. F. d['e]veloppement.]
[Written also developement.]
1. The act of developing or disclosing that which is unknown;
a gradual unfolding process by which anything is
developed, as a plan or method, or an image upon a
photographic plate; gradual advancement or growth through
a series of progressive changes; also, the result of
developing, or a developed state.
[1913 Webster]
A new development of imagination, taste, and poetry.
--Channing.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Biol.) The series of changes which animal and vegetable
organisms undergo in their passage from the embryonic
state to maturity, from a lower to a higher state of
organization.
[1913 Webster]
3. (Math.)
(a) The act or process of changing or expanding an
expression into another of equivalent value or
meaning.
(b) The equivalent expression into which another has been
developed.
[1913 Webster]
4. (Mus.) The elaboration of a theme or subject; the
unfolding of a musical idea; the evolution of a whole
piece or movement from a leading theme or motive.
[1913 Webster]
5. A tract of land on which a number of buildings have been
constructed; -- especially used for tract on which from
two to hundreds of houses have been constructed by a
commercial developer[4] for sale to individuals.
[PJC]
Development theory (Biol.), the doctrine that animals and
plants possess the power of passing by slow and successive
stages from a lower to a higher state of organization, and
that all the higher forms of life now in existence were
thus developed by uniform laws from lower forms, and are
not the result of special creative acts. See the Note
under Darwinian.
Syn: Unfolding; disclosure; unraveling; evolution;
elaboration; growth.
[1913 Webster] |
Dingdong theory
(gcide) | Dingdong theory \Ding"dong` the"o*ry\ (Philol.)
The theory which maintains that the primitive elements of
language are reflex expressions induced by sensory
impressions; that is, as stated by Max M["u]ller, the
creative faculty gave to each general conception as it
thrilled for the first time through the brain a phonetic
expression; -- jocosely so called from the analogy of the
sound of a bell induced by the stroke of the clapper.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.] Dingy
Dingey |
Domino theory
(gcide) | Domino theory \Dom"i*no the"o*ry\
A political theory current in the 1960's, according to which
the conversion of one country in South Asia to communism will
start a sequential process causing all Asian countries to
convert to Communism.
Note: The apparent assumption was that an Asian country
politically aligned with the West was as politically
unstable as a domino standing on edge. It was used by
some as a justification for American involvement in the
Vietnam war, 1964-1972.
[PJC] |
Dualistic theory
(gcide) | Dualistic \Du`al*is"tic\, a.
Consisting of two; pertaining to dualism or duality.
[1913 Webster]
Dualistic system or Dualistic theory (Chem.), an old
theory, originated by Lavoisier and developed by
Berzelius, that all definite compounds are binary in their
nature, and consist of two distinct constituents,
themselves simple or complex, and possessed of opposite
chemical or electrical affinities; -- superseded by later
developments in chemical bonding theory, especially
quantum mechanics.
[1913 Webster +PJC] |
Dynamical theory of heat
(gcide) | Heat \Heat\ (h[=e]t), n. [OE. hete, h[ae]te, AS. h[=ae]tu,
h[=ae]to, fr. h[=a]t hot; akin to OHG. heizi heat, Dan. hede,
Sw. hetta. See Hot.]
1. A force in nature which is recognized in various effects,
but especially in the phenomena of fusion and evaporation,
and which, as manifested in fire, the sun's rays,
mechanical action, chemical combination, etc., becomes
directly known to us through the sense of feeling. In its
nature heat is a mode of motion, being in general a form
of molecular disturbance or vibration. It was formerly
supposed to be a subtile, imponderable fluid, to which was
given the name caloric.
[1913 Webster]
Note: As affecting the human body, heat produces different
sensations, which are called by different names, as
heat or sensible heat, warmth, cold, etc., according to
its degree or amount relatively to the normal
temperature of the body.
[1913 Webster]
2. The sensation caused by the force or influence of heat
when excessive, or above that which is normal to the human
body; the bodily feeling experienced on exposure to fire,
the sun's rays, etc.; the reverse of cold.
[1913 Webster]
3. High temperature, as distinguished from low temperature,
or cold; as, the heat of summer and the cold of winter;
heat of the skin or body in fever, etc.
[1913 Webster]
Else how had the world . . .
Avoided pinching cold and scorching heat! --Milton.
[1913 Webster]
4. Indication of high temperature; appearance, condition, or
color of a body, as indicating its temperature; redness;
high color; flush; degree of temperature to which
something is heated, as indicated by appearance,
condition, or otherwise.
[1913 Webster]
It has raised . . . heats in their faces. --Addison.
[1913 Webster]
The heats smiths take of their iron are a blood-red
heat, a white-flame heat, and a sparkling or welding
heat. --Moxon.
[1913 Webster]
5. A single complete operation of heating, as at a forge or
in a furnace; as, to make a horseshoe in a certain number
of heats.
[1913 Webster]
6. A violent action unintermitted; a single effort; a single
course in a race that consists of two or more courses; as,
he won two heats out of three.
[1913 Webster]
Many causes . . . for refreshment betwixt the heats.
--Dryden.
[1913 Webster]
[He] struck off at one heat the matchless tale of
"Tam o' Shanter." --J. C.
Shairp.
[1913 Webster]
7. Utmost violence; rage; vehemence; as, the heat of battle
or party. "The heat of their division." --Shak.
[1913 Webster]
8. Agitation of mind; inflammation or excitement;
exasperation. "The heat and hurry of his rage." --South.
[1913 Webster]
9. Animation, as in discourse; ardor; fervency; as, in the
heat of argument.
[1913 Webster]
With all the strength and heat of eloquence.
--Addison.
[1913 Webster]
10. (Zool.) Sexual excitement in animals; readiness for
sexual activity; estrus or rut.
[1913 Webster +PJC]
11. Fermentation.
[1913 Webster]
12. Strong psychological pressure, as in a police
investigation; as, when they turned up the heat, he took
it on the lam. [slang]
[PJC]
Animal heat, Blood heat, Capacity for heat, etc. See
under Animal, Blood, etc.
Atomic heat (Chem.), the product obtained by multiplying
the atomic weight of any element by its specific heat. The
atomic heat of all solid elements is nearly a constant,
the mean value being 6.4.
Dynamical theory of heat, that theory of heat which assumes
it to be, not a peculiar kind of matter, but a peculiar
motion of the ultimate particles of matter.
Heat engine, any apparatus by which a heated substance, as
a heated fluid, is made to perform work by giving motion
to mechanism, as a hot-air engine, or a steam engine.
Heat producers. (Physiol.) See under Food.
Heat rays, a term formerly applied to the rays near the red
end of the spectrum, whether within or beyond the visible
spectrum.
Heat weight (Mech.), the product of any quantity of heat by
the mechanical equivalent of heat divided by the absolute
temperature; -- called also thermodynamic function, and
entropy.
Mechanical equivalent of heat. See under Equivalent.
Specific heat of a substance (at any temperature), the
number of units of heat required to raise the temperature
of a unit mass of the substance at that temperature one
degree.
Unit of heat, the quantity of heat required to raise, by
one degree, the temperature of a unit mass of water,
initially at a certain standard temperature. The
temperature usually employed is that of 0[deg] Centigrade,
or 32[deg] Fahrenheit.
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Electro-magnetic theory of light
(gcide) | Electro-magnetic \E*lec`tro-mag*net"ic\, a.
Of or pertaining to electromagnetism.
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Electro-magnetic engine, an engine in which the motive
force is electro-magnetism.
Electro-magnetic theory of light (Physics), a theory of
light which makes it consist in the rapid alternation of
transient electric currents moving transversely to the
direction of the ray.
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Emission theory
(gcide) | Emission \E*mis"sion\, n. [L. emissio: cf. F. ['e]mission. See
Emit.]
1. The act of sending or throwing out; the act of sending
forth or putting into circulation; issue; as, the emission
of light from the sun; the emission of heat from a fire;
the emission of bank notes.
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2. That which is sent out, issued, or put in circulation at
one time; issue; as, the emission was mostly blood.
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Emission theory (Physics), the theory of Newton, regarding
light as consisting of emitted particles or corpuscles.
See Corpuscular theory, under Corpuscular.
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Fermentation theory of disease
(gcide) | Fermentation \Fer`men*ta"tion\ (f[~e]r`m[e^]n*t[=a]"sh[u^]n), n.
[Cf. F. fermentation.]
1. The process of undergoing an effervescent change, as by
the action of yeast; in a wider sense (Physiol. Chem.),
the transformation of an organic substance into new
compounds by the action of a ferment[1], whether in the
form of living organisms or enzymes. It differs in kind
according to the nature of the ferment which causes it.
Note: In industrial microbiology fermentation usually refers
to the production of chemical substances by use of
microorganisms.
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2. A state of agitation or excitement, as of the intellect or
the feelings.
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It puts the soul to fermentation and activity.
--Jer. Taylor.
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A univesal fermentation of human thought and faith.
--C. Kingsley.
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Acetous fermentation or Acetic fermentation, a form of
oxidation in which alcohol is converted into vinegar or
acetic acid by the agency of a specific fungus ({Mycoderma
aceti}) or series of enzymes. The process involves two
distinct reactions, in which the oxygen of the air is
essential. An intermediate product, acetaldehyde, is
formed in the first process. 1. C2H6O + O [rarr] H2O +
C2H4O
Note: Alcohol. Water. Acetaldehyde. 2. C2H4O + O [rarr]
C2H4O2
Note: Acetaldehyde. Acetic acid.
Alcoholic fermentation, the fermentation which saccharine
bodies undergo when brought in contact with the yeast
plant or Torula. The sugar is converted, either directly
or indirectly, into alcohol and carbonic acid, the rate of
action being dependent on the rapidity with which the
Torul[ae] develop.
Ammoniacal fermentation, the conversion of the urea of the
urine into ammonium carbonate, through the growth of the
special urea ferment. CON2H4 + 2H2O = (NH4)2CO3
Note: Urea. Water. Ammonium carbonate.
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Note: Whenever urine is exposed to the air in open vessels
for several days it undergoes this alkaline
fermentation.
Butyric fermentation, the decomposition of various forms of
organic matter, through the agency of a peculiar
worm-shaped vibrio, with formation of more or less butyric
acid. It is one of the many forms of fermentation that
collectively constitute putrefaction. See {Lactic
fermentation}.
enzymatic fermentation or {Fermentation by an unorganized
ferment}. Fermentations of this class are purely chemical
reactions, in which the enzyme acts as a simple catalytic
agent. Of this nature are the decomposition or inversion
of cane sugar into levulose and dextrose by boiling with
dilute acids, the conversion of starch into dextrin and
sugar by similar treatment, the conversion of starch into
like products by the action of diastase of malt or ptyalin
of saliva, the conversion of albuminous food into peptones
and other like products by the action of
pepsin-hydrochloric acid of the gastric juice or by the
ferment of the pancreatic juice.
Fermentation theory of disease (Biol. & Med.), the theory
that most if not all, infectious or zymotic disease are
caused by the introduction into the organism of the living
germs of ferments, or ferments already developed
(organized ferments), by which processes of fermentation
are set up injurious to health. See Germ theory.
Glycerin fermentation, the fermentation which occurs on
mixing a dilute solution of glycerin with a peculiar
species of schizomycetes and some carbonate of lime, and
other matter favorable to the growth of the plant, the
glycerin being changed into butyric acid, caproic acid,
butyl, and ethyl alcohol. With another form of bacterium
(Bacillus subtilis) ethyl alcohol and butyric acid are
mainly formed.
Lactic fermentation, the transformation of milk sugar or
other saccharine body into lactic acid, as in the souring
of milk, through the agency of a special bacterium
(Bacterium lactis of Lister). In this change the milk
sugar, before assuming the form of lactic acid, presumably
passes through the stage of glucose. C12H22O11.H2O -->
4C3H6O3
Note: Hydrated milk sugar. Lactic acid.
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Note: In the lactic fermentation of dextrose or glucose, the
lactic acid which is formed is very prone to undergo
butyric fermentation after the manner indicated in the
following equation: 2C3H6O3 (lactic acid) --> C4H8O2
(butyric acid) + 2CO2 (carbonic acid) + 2H2 (hydrogen
gas).
Putrefactive fermentation. See Putrefaction.
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