| slovo | definícia |
CH3
(gcide) | Formyl \For"myl\, n. [Formic + -yl.] (Chem.)
(a) A univalent radical, H.C:O, regarded as the essential
residue of formic acid and aldehyde.
(b) Formerly, the radical methyl, CH3.
[1913 Webster] |
CH3-
(gcide) | Methyl \Meth"yl\, n. [See Methylene.] (Chem.)
A univalent hydrocarbon radical, CH3-, not existing alone
but regarded as an essential residue of methane, and
appearing as a component part of many derivatives; as, methyl
alcohol, methyl ether, methyl amine, etc. [Formerly written
also methule, methyle, etc.]
[1913 Webster]
Methyl alcohol (Chem.), a light, volatile, inflammable
liquid, CH3.OH, obtained by the distillation of wood,
and hence called wood alcohol or wood spirit;
tecnically referred to as methanol; -- called also
methol, carbinol, etc.
Methyl amine (Chem.), a colorless, inflammable, alkaline
gas, CH3.NH2, having an ammoniacal, fishy odor. It is
produced artificially, and also occurs naturally in
herring brine and other fishy products. It is regarded as
ammonia in which a third of its hydrogen is replaced by
methyl, and is a type of the class of substituted
ammonias.
Methyl ether (Chem.), a light, volatile ether CH3.O.CH3,
obtained by the etherification of methyl alcohol; --
called also methyl oxide or dimethyl ether.
Methyl green. (Chem.) See under Green, n.
Methyl orange. (Chem.) See Helianthin.
Methyl violet (Chem.), an artificial dye, consisting of
certain methyl halogen derivatives of rosaniline.
[1913 Webster] |
CH3-
(gcide) | molecular formula \mo*lec"u*lar form"u*la\, n. (Chem.)
An expression representing the composition of elements in a
chemical substance, commonly consisting of a series of
letters and numbers comprising the atomic symbols of each
element present in a compound followed by the number of atoms
of that element present in one molecule of the substance.
Thus the molecular formula for common alcohol (ethyl alcohol)
is C2H6O, meaning that each molecule contains two carbon
atoms, six hydrogen atoms, and one oxygen atom. The molecular
formula may be written to provide some indication of the
actual structure of the molecule, in which case structural
units may be written separately. Thus, ethyl alcohol can also
be written as CH3.CH2.OH or CH3-CH2-OH, in which the
period or dash between functional groups indicates a single
bond between the principle atoms of each group. This formula
shows that in ethyl alcohol, the carbon of a methyl group
(CH3-) is attached to the carbon of a methylene group
(-CH2-), which is attached to the oxygen of a hydroxyl
group (-OH). A structural formula is a graphical
depiction of the relative positions of atoms in a molecule,
and may be very complicated.
[PJC] |
| | podobné slovo | definícia |
Al2CH36
(gcide) | Methide \Meth"ide\ (? or ?), n. [See Methyl.] (Chem.)
A binary compound of methyl with some element; as, aluminium
methide, Al2(CH3)6.
[1913 Webster] |
As2CH34
(gcide) | Cacodyl \Cac"o*dyl\, n. [Gr. ??????? ill-smelling (kako`s bad +
????? to smell) + -yl.] (Chem.)
Alkarsin; a colorless, poisonous, arsenical liquid,
As2(CH3)4, spontaneously inflammable and possessing an
intensely disagreeable odor. It is the type of a series of
compounds analogous to the nitrogen compounds called
hydrazines. [Written also cacodyle, and kakodyl.]
[1913 Webster] |
C2H5OCH3
(gcide) | Ether \E"ther\ ([=e]"th[~e]r), n. [L. aether, Gr. a'iqh`r, fr.
a'i`qein to light up, kindle, burn, blaze; akin to Skr. idh,
indh, and prob. to E. idle: cf. F. ['e]ther.] [Written also
[ae]ther.]
1. (Physics) A medium of great elasticity and extreme
tenuity, once supposed to pervade all space, the interior
of solid bodies not excepted, and to be the medium of
transmission of light and heat; hence often called
luminiferous ether. It is no longer believed that such a
medium is required for the transmission of electromagnetic
waves; the modern use of the term is mostly a figurative
term for empty space, or for literary effect, and not
intended to imply the actual existence of a physical
medium. However. modern cosmological theories based on
quantum field theory do not rule out the possibility that
the inherent energy of the vacuum is greater than zero, in
which case the concept of an ether pervading the vacuum
may have more than metaphoric meaning.
[1913 Webster +PJC]
2. Supposed matter above the air; the air itself.
[1913 Webster]
3. (Chem.)
(a) A light, volatile, mobile, inflammable liquid,
(C2H5)2O, of a characteristic aromatic odor,
obtained by the distillation of alcohol with sulphuric
acid, and hence called also sulphuric ether. It is a
powerful solvent of fats, resins, and pyroxylin, but
finds its chief use as an an[ae]sthetic. Commonly
called ethyl ether to distinguish it from other
ethers, and also ethyl oxide.
(b) Any similar compound in which an oxygen atom is bound
to two different carbon atoms, each of which is part
of an organic radical; as, amyl ether; valeric ether;
methyl ethyl ether. The general formular for an ether
is ROR', in which R and R' are organic radicals
which may be of similar or different structure. If R
and R' are different parts of the same organic
radical, the structure forms a cyclic ether.
[1913 Webster +PJC]
Complex ether, Mixed ether (Chem.), an ether in which the
ether oxygen is attached to two radicals having different
structures; as, ethyl methyl ether, C2H5.O.CH3.
Compound ether (Chem.), an ethereal salt or a salt of some
hydrocarbon as the base; an ester.
Ether engine (Mach.), a condensing engine like a steam
engine, but operated by the vapor of ether instead of by
steam.
[1913 Webster] |
C4H3SCH3
(gcide) | Thiotolene \Thi`o*to"lene\, n. [Thio- + toluene.] (Chem.)
A colorless oily liquid, C4H3S.CH3, analogous to, and
resembling, toluene; -- called also methyl thiophene.
[1913 Webster] |
C5H3NCH32
(gcide) | Lutidine \Lu"ti*dine\, n. [From toluidine, by transposition.]
(Chem.)
Any one of several metameric alkaloids, C5H3N.(CH3)2, of
the pyridine series, obtained from bone oil as liquids, and
having peculiar pungent odors. These alkaloids are also
called respectively dimethyl pyridine, ethyl pyridine,
etc.
[1913 Webster] |
C6H2CH34
(gcide) | Durene \Du"rene\, n. [L. durus hard; -- so called because solid
at ordinary temperatures.] (Chem.)
A colorless, crystalline, aromatic hydrocarbon, C6H2(CH3)4,
off artificial production, with an odor like camphor.
[1913 Webster] |
C6H3CH33
(gcide) | Mesitylene \Me*sit"y*lene\, n. (Chem.)
A colorless, fragrant liquid, C6H3(CH3)3, of the benzene
series of hydrocarbons, obtained by distilling acetone with
sulphuric acid. -- Me*sit`y*len"ic, a.
[1913 Webster] |
C6H3CH3OH2
(gcide) | Orcin \Or"cin\, n. [Etymology uncertain: cf. F. orcine.] (Chem.)
A colorless crystalline substance, C6H3.CH3.(OH)2, which is
obtained from certain lichens (Roccella, Lecanora, etc.),
also from extract of aloes, and artificially from certain
derivatives of toluene. It changes readily into orcein.
[1913 Webster] |
C6H3ICH3OH
(gcide) | Iodocresol \I`o*do*cre"sol\, n. [Iodo- + cresol.] (Org. Chem.)
Any of several isomeric iodine derivatives of the cresols,
C6H3I(CH3)OH, esp. one, an odorless amorphous powder, used
in medicine as a substitute for iodoform.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.] |
C6H4CH32
(gcide) | Orthoxylene \Or`tho*xy"lene\, n. [Ortho- + xylene.] (Chem.)
That variety of xylene (C6H4(CH3)2) in which the two methyl
groups are in the ortho position; a colorless, liquid,
combustible hydrocarbon resembling benzene.
[1913 Webster]Paraxylene \Par`a*xy"lene\, n. (Chem.)
A hydrocarbon (C6H4(CH3)2) of the aromatic series obtained
as a colorless liquid by the distillation of camphor with
zinc chloride. It is one of the three metamers of xylene. Cf.
Metamer, and Xylene.
[1913 Webster]Xylene \Xy"lene\, n. [Gr. xy`lon wood.] (Chem.)
Any of a group of three metameric hydrocarbons of the
aromatic series, found in coal and wood tar, and so named
because found in crude wood spirit. They are colorless, oily,
inflammable liquids, C6H4.(CH3)2, being dimethyl benzenes,
and are called respectively orthoxylene, metaxylene, and
paraxylene. Called also xylol.
[1913 Webster]
Note: Each of these xylenes is the nucleus and prototype of a
distinct series of compounds.
[1913 Webster] |
C6H4OCH3OH
(gcide) | Guiacol \Gui"a*col\, n. [Guiac + -ol.] (Chem.)
A colorless liquid, C6H4.OCH3.OH, resembling the phenols,
found as a constituent of woodtar creosote, and produced by
the dry distillation of guaiac resin.
[1913 Webster] |
C6H5CH3
(gcide) | Toluene \Tol"u*ene\, n. [Tolu + benzene.] (Chem.)
A hydrocarbon, C6H5.CH3, of the aromatic series, homologous
with benzene, and obtained as a light mobile colorless
liquid, by distilling tolu balsam, coal tar, etc.; -- called
also methyl benzene, phenyl methane, etc.
[1913 Webster] |
C6H5NHCOCH3
(gcide) | acetanilide \ac`et*an"i*lide\ ([a^]s`[e^]t*[a^]n"[i^]*l[i^]d),
n. [Acetyl + anilide.] (Med., Chem.)
An amide formed from aniline and an acetyl group
(C6H5.NH.CO.CH3); it is a white crystalline compound used
as an analgesic and also as an antipyretic. It has molecular
weight 135.16. [Written also acetanilid] AS
Syn: phenylacetamide, N-phenylacetamide, antifebrin,
antifebrine, acetylaminobenzene, acetylaniline
[1913 Webster + WordNet 1.5 + AS] |
C6H5OCH3
(gcide) | Anisol \An"i*sol\ anisole \anisole\, n. [Anisic + -ol.] (Chem.)
Methyl phenyl ether, C6H5.O.CH3, got by distilling anisic
acid or by the action of methide on potassium phenolate.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.] |
C9H6NCH3
(gcide) | Lepidine \Lep"i*dine\ (l[e^]p"[i^]*d[i^]n or *d[=e]n), n.
(Chem.)
An organic base, C9H6.N.CH3, metameric with quinaldine, and
obtained by the distillation of cinchonine.
[1913 Webster]Quinaldine \Quin*al"dine\, n. [Quinoline + aldehyde + aniline.]
(Chem.)
A colorless liquid of a slightly pungent odor, C9H6N.CH3,
first obtained as a condensation product of aldehyde and
aniline, and regarded as a derivative of quinoline; -- called
also methyl quinoline. [Written also chinaldine.]
[1913 Webster] |
CH3
(gcide) | Formyl \For"myl\, n. [Formic + -yl.] (Chem.)
(a) A univalent radical, H.C:O, regarded as the essential
residue of formic acid and aldehyde.
(b) Formerly, the radical methyl, CH3.
[1913 Webster]Methyl \Meth"yl\, n. [See Methylene.] (Chem.)
A univalent hydrocarbon radical, CH3-, not existing alone
but regarded as an essential residue of methane, and
appearing as a component part of many derivatives; as, methyl
alcohol, methyl ether, methyl amine, etc. [Formerly written
also methule, methyle, etc.]
[1913 Webster]
Methyl alcohol (Chem.), a light, volatile, inflammable
liquid, CH3.OH, obtained by the distillation of wood,
and hence called wood alcohol or wood spirit;
tecnically referred to as methanol; -- called also
methol, carbinol, etc.
Methyl amine (Chem.), a colorless, inflammable, alkaline
gas, CH3.NH2, having an ammoniacal, fishy odor. It is
produced artificially, and also occurs naturally in
herring brine and other fishy products. It is regarded as
ammonia in which a third of its hydrogen is replaced by
methyl, and is a type of the class of substituted
ammonias.
Methyl ether (Chem.), a light, volatile ether CH3.O.CH3,
obtained by the etherification of methyl alcohol; --
called also methyl oxide or dimethyl ether.
Methyl green. (Chem.) See under Green, n.
Methyl orange. (Chem.) See Helianthin.
Methyl violet (Chem.), an artificial dye, consisting of
certain methyl halogen derivatives of rosaniline.
[1913 Webster]molecular formula \mo*lec"u*lar form"u*la\, n. (Chem.)
An expression representing the composition of elements in a
chemical substance, commonly consisting of a series of
letters and numbers comprising the atomic symbols of each
element present in a compound followed by the number of atoms
of that element present in one molecule of the substance.
Thus the molecular formula for common alcohol (ethyl alcohol)
is C2H6O, meaning that each molecule contains two carbon
atoms, six hydrogen atoms, and one oxygen atom. The molecular
formula may be written to provide some indication of the
actual structure of the molecule, in which case structural
units may be written separately. Thus, ethyl alcohol can also
be written as CH3.CH2.OH or CH3-CH2-OH, in which the
period or dash between functional groups indicates a single
bond between the principle atoms of each group. This formula
shows that in ethyl alcohol, the carbon of a methyl group
(CH3-) is attached to the carbon of a methylene group
(-CH2-), which is attached to the oxygen of a hydroxyl
group (-OH). A structural formula is a graphical
depiction of the relative positions of atoms in a molecule,
and may be very complicated.
[PJC] |
CH32AsOOH
(gcide) | Cacodylic \Cac`o*dyl"ic\, a. (Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, or derived from, cacodyl.
[1913 Webster]
Cacodylic acid, a white, crystalline, deliquescent
substance, (CH3)2AsO.OH, obtained by the oxidation of
cacodyl, and having the properties of an exceedingly
stable acid; -- also called alkargen.
[1913 Webster] |
CH32C6H3NH2
(gcide) | Xylidine \Xy"li*dine\, n. (Chem.)
Any one of six metameric hydrocarbons, (CH3)2.C6H3.NH2,
resembling aniline, and related to xylene. They are liquids,
or easily fusible crystalline substances, of which three are
derived from metaxylene, two from orthoxylene, and one from
paraxylene. They are called the amido xylenes.
[1913 Webster]
Note: The xylidine of commerce, used in making certain dyes,
consists chiefly of the derivatives of paraxylene and
metaxylene.
[1913 Webster] |
CH32C6H3OH
(gcide) | Xylenol \Xy"le*nol\, n. [Xylene + -ol.] (Chem.)
Any one of six metameric phenol derivatives of xylene,
obtained as crystalline substances, (CH3)2.C6H3.OH.
[1913 Webster] |
CH32CHCH2CHNH2-COOH
(gcide) | Leucine \Leu"cine\ (l[=oo]"s[=e]n), Leucin
\Leu"cin\(l[=u]"s[i^]n), n. [Gr. leyko`s white.] (Physiol.
Chem.)
a naturally occurring alpha-amino acid
((CH3)2CH.CH2.CH(NH2)-COOH), one of the building units of
almost all proteins of living organisms, both animal and
vegetable. It is one of the essential amino acids (not
synthesized by the human body, a required component for
proper nutrition), and is hydrophobic in character when bound
in proteins. In isolated form it is a white, crystalline,
zwitterionic substance formed, e. g. by the decomposition of
proteins by pancreatic digestion, by the action of boiling
dilute mineral acid, or by putrefaction. Chemically it is to
be considered as amido-caproic acid. It occurs as two optical
isomers, the L- and D-forms. The L-form, L-leucine, is the
natural form, present in most proteins.
[1913 Webster +PJC] |
CH33NCH2CH2OCOCH3OH-
(gcide) | acetylcholine \acetylcholine\ n.
1. a neurotransmitter released by the transmitting dendron at
autononmous synapses and at neuromuscular junctions. It is
a quaternary amine with an obligatory negative counterion.
The nominal formula for the hydroxide form is C7H17NO3.
Structural formula (CH3)3N(+)CH2CH2.O.CO.CH3.OH(-).
Note: Acetylcholine is the first recognized and best-studied
of the neurotransmitters. At receptors it is recycled
into choline by the action of acetylcholinesterase.
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors therefore function as
nerve poisons. For biochemical studies it is prepared
typically in the chloride or bromide forms.
[WordNet 1.5 +PJC] |
CH33SOH
(gcide) | Sulphine \Sul"phine\, n. (Chem.)
Any one of a series of basic compounds which consist
essentially of sulphur united with hydrocarbon radicals. In
general they are oily or crystalline deliquescent substances
having a peculiar odor; as, trimethyl sulphine,
(CH3)3S.OH. Cf. Sulphonium.
[1913 Webster] |
CH3C
(gcide) | Ethenyl \Eth"e*nyl\, n. [Ethene + -yl.] (Chem.)
(a) A trivalent hydrocarbon radical, CH3.C.
(b) A univalent hydrocarbon radical of the ethylene series,
CH2:CH; -- called also vinyl. See Vinyl.
[1913 Webster] |
CH3C6H3CO2H2
(gcide) | Uvitic \U*vit"ic\, a. [From L. uva a grape. So called because it
may be produced indirectly from tartaric acid, which is found
in the grape.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or designating, an acid, CH3C6H3(CO2H)2,
obtained as a white crystalline substance by the partial
oxidation of mesitylene; -- called also mesitic acid.
[1913 Webster] |
CH3C6H4
(gcide) | Tolyl \Tol"yl\, n. [Toluic + -yl.] (Chem.)
The hydrocarbon radical, CH3.C6H4, regarded as
characteristic of certain compounds of the aromatic series
related to toluene; as, tolyl carbinol.
[1913 Webster] |
CH3C6H4C3H7
(gcide) | Cymene \Cy"mene\ (s?"m?n), n. (Chem.)
A colorless, liquid, combustible hydrocarbon,
CH3.C6H4.C3H7, of pleasant odor, obtained from oil of
cumin, oil of caraway, carvacrol, camphor, etc.; -- called
also paracymene, and formerly camphogen.
[1913 Webster] |
CH3C6H4CO2H
(gcide) | Toluic \To*lu"ic\, a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or designating, one of three metameric acids,
CH3.C6H4.CO2H, which are related to toluene and analogous
to benzoic acids. They are white crystalline substances, and
are called respectively orthotoluic acid, metatoluic
acid, and paratoluic acid.
[1913 Webster] |
CH3C6H4OH
(gcide) | Cresol \Cre"sol\ (kr[=e]"s[=o]l), n. [From Creosote.] (Chem.)
Any one of three metameric substances, CH3.C6H4.OH,
homologous with and resembling phenol. They are obtained from
coal tar and wood tar, and are colorless, oily liquids or
solids.
Note: [Called also cresylic acid.]
[1913 Webster] |
CH3CH
(gcide) | Ethylidene \E*thyl"i*dene\ (Chem.)
An unsymmetrical, divalent, hydrocarbon radical, C2H4
metameric with ethylene but written thus, CH3.CH= to
distinguish it from the symmetrical ethylene, CH2=CH2. Its
compounds are derived from aldehyde. Formerly called also
ethidene.
[1913 Webster] |
CH3CH210COOH
(gcide) | Lauric acid \Lauric acid\ (Chem.),
a white, crystalline substance, CH3.(CH2)10.COOH,
resembling palmitic acid, and obtained from the fruit of the
bay tree, and various other vegetable sources. The sodium
salt (sodium lauryl sulfate) is used as a detergent.
Syn: dodecanoic acid, laurostearic acid, dodecoic acid.
[1913 Webster + PJC] |
CH3CH25CHOHCH2CHCHCH27COOH
(gcide) | ricinoleic acid \ric`in*o"le*ic ac"id\, n. (Chem.)
An organic acid (C18H34O3) obtained from the castor-oil
plant (Ricinus communis, or Palma Christi) and other
species of the family Euphorbiaceae; chemicaly it is
d-12-hydroxyoleic acid
(CH3(CH2)5.CH(OH).CH2.CH=CH.(CH2)7COOH). Formerly called
palmic acid.
[1913 Webster +PJC] |
CH3CH2CH
(gcide) | Propidene \Pro"pi*dene\, n. [Propyl + ethylidene.] (Chem.)
The unsymmetrical hypothetical hydrocarbon radical,
CH3.CH2.CH, analogous to ethylidene, and regarded as the
type of certain derivatives of propane; -- called also
propylidene.
[1913 Webster] |
CH3CH2NH2
(gcide) | Isomer \I"so*mer\ ([imac]"s[-o]*m[~e]r), n. [See Isomeric.]
(Chem.)
A compound which is isomeric with another body or compound; a
compound having the same chemical composition as another
compound; a member of an isomeric series.
[1913 Webster +PJC]
Note: An isomer may be a structural isomer, in which some
of the atoms are bonded to different atoms (as in
CH3.CH2.NH2 and CH3.NH.CH3), or an {optical
isomer}, in which the number and types of chemical
bonds are identical, but the arrangement of the atoms
in three-dimensional space is different; the latter are
also called stereoisomers.
[PJC] |
CH3-CH2-OH
(gcide) | molecular formula \mo*lec"u*lar form"u*la\, n. (Chem.)
An expression representing the composition of elements in a
chemical substance, commonly consisting of a series of
letters and numbers comprising the atomic symbols of each
element present in a compound followed by the number of atoms
of that element present in one molecule of the substance.
Thus the molecular formula for common alcohol (ethyl alcohol)
is C2H6O, meaning that each molecule contains two carbon
atoms, six hydrogen atoms, and one oxygen atom. The molecular
formula may be written to provide some indication of the
actual structure of the molecule, in which case structural
units may be written separately. Thus, ethyl alcohol can also
be written as CH3.CH2.OH or CH3-CH2-OH, in which the
period or dash between functional groups indicates a single
bond between the principle atoms of each group. This formula
shows that in ethyl alcohol, the carbon of a methyl group
(CH3-) is attached to the carbon of a methylene group
(-CH2-), which is attached to the oxygen of a hydroxyl
group (-OH). A structural formula is a graphical
depiction of the relative positions of atoms in a molecule,
and may be very complicated.
[PJC]Alcohol \Al"co*hol\ ([a^]l"k[-o]*h[o^]l), n. [Cf. F. alcool,
formerly written alcohol, Sp. alcohol alcohol, antimony,
galena, OSp. alcofol; all fr. Ar. al-kohl a powder of
antimony or galena, to paint the eyebrows with. The name was
afterwards applied, on account of the fineness of this
powder, to highly rectified spirits, a signification unknown
in Arabia. The Sp. word has both meanings. Cf. Alquifou.]
1. An impalpable powder. [Obs.]
[1913 Webster]
2. The fluid essence or pure spirit obtained by distillation.
[Obs.] --Boyle.
[1913 Webster]
3. Pure spirit of wine; pure or highly rectified spirit
(called also ethyl alcohol or ethanol, CH3.CH2.OH);
the spirituous or intoxicating element of fermented or
distilled liquors, or more loosely a liquid containing it
in considerable quantity. It is extracted by simple
distillation from various vegetable juices and infusions
of a saccharine nature, which have undergone vinous
fermentation.
Note: [The ferementation is usually carried out by addition
of brewer's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae to an
aqueous solution containing carbohydrates.]
[1913 Webster +PJC]
Note: As used in the U. S. "Pharmacop[oe]ia," alcohol
contains 91 per cent by weight of ethyl alcohol and 9
per cent of water; and diluted alcohol (proof spirit)
contains 45.5 per cent by weight of ethyl alcohol and
54.5 per cent of water.
[1913 Webster]
4. (Organic Chem.) A class of compounds analogous to vinic
alcohol in constitution. Chemically speaking, they are
hydroxides of certain organic radicals; as, the radical
ethyl forms common or ethyl alcohol (C2H5.OH); methyl
forms methyl alcohol (CH3.OH) or wood alcohol; amyl
forms amyl alcohol (C5H11.OH) or fusel oil, etc.
[1913 Webster] |
CH3CH2OH
(gcide) | molecular formula \mo*lec"u*lar form"u*la\, n. (Chem.)
An expression representing the composition of elements in a
chemical substance, commonly consisting of a series of
letters and numbers comprising the atomic symbols of each
element present in a compound followed by the number of atoms
of that element present in one molecule of the substance.
Thus the molecular formula for common alcohol (ethyl alcohol)
is C2H6O, meaning that each molecule contains two carbon
atoms, six hydrogen atoms, and one oxygen atom. The molecular
formula may be written to provide some indication of the
actual structure of the molecule, in which case structural
units may be written separately. Thus, ethyl alcohol can also
be written as CH3.CH2.OH or CH3-CH2-OH, in which the
period or dash between functional groups indicates a single
bond between the principle atoms of each group. This formula
shows that in ethyl alcohol, the carbon of a methyl group
(CH3-) is attached to the carbon of a methylene group
(-CH2-), which is attached to the oxygen of a hydroxyl
group (-OH). A structural formula is a graphical
depiction of the relative positions of atoms in a molecule,
and may be very complicated.
[PJC]Alcohol \Al"co*hol\ ([a^]l"k[-o]*h[o^]l), n. [Cf. F. alcool,
formerly written alcohol, Sp. alcohol alcohol, antimony,
galena, OSp. alcofol; all fr. Ar. al-kohl a powder of
antimony or galena, to paint the eyebrows with. The name was
afterwards applied, on account of the fineness of this
powder, to highly rectified spirits, a signification unknown
in Arabia. The Sp. word has both meanings. Cf. Alquifou.]
1. An impalpable powder. [Obs.]
[1913 Webster]
2. The fluid essence or pure spirit obtained by distillation.
[Obs.] --Boyle.
[1913 Webster]
3. Pure spirit of wine; pure or highly rectified spirit
(called also ethyl alcohol or ethanol, CH3.CH2.OH);
the spirituous or intoxicating element of fermented or
distilled liquors, or more loosely a liquid containing it
in considerable quantity. It is extracted by simple
distillation from various vegetable juices and infusions
of a saccharine nature, which have undergone vinous
fermentation.
Note: [The ferementation is usually carried out by addition
of brewer's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae to an
aqueous solution containing carbohydrates.]
[1913 Webster +PJC]
Note: As used in the U. S. "Pharmacop[oe]ia," alcohol
contains 91 per cent by weight of ethyl alcohol and 9
per cent of water; and diluted alcohol (proof spirit)
contains 45.5 per cent by weight of ethyl alcohol and
54.5 per cent of water.
[1913 Webster]
4. (Organic Chem.) A class of compounds analogous to vinic
alcohol in constitution. Chemically speaking, they are
hydroxides of certain organic radicals; as, the radical
ethyl forms common or ethyl alcohol (C2H5.OH); methyl
forms methyl alcohol (CH3.OH) or wood alcohol; amyl
forms amyl alcohol (C5H11.OH) or fusel oil, etc.
[1913 Webster] |
CH3CHOHCO-
(gcide) | Lactyl \Lac"tyl\, n. [Lactic + -yl.] (Chem.)
An organic residue or radical (CH3.CHOH.CO-) derived from
lactic acid.
[1913 Webster +PJC] Lacunae |
CH3Cl
(gcide) | Chlormethane \Chlor`meth"ane\, n. (Chem.)
A colorless gas, CH3Cl, of a sweet odor, easily condensed
to a liquid; -- called also methyl chloride. |
CH3COC6H5
(gcide) | Acetophenone \Ac`e*to*phe"none\ (-f[=e]"n[=o]n), n. [Acetic +
phenyl + one.] (Chem.)
A crystalline ketone, CH3.CO.C6H5, which may be obtained by
the dry distillation of a mixture of the calcium salts of
acetic and benzoic acids. It is used as a hypnotic under the
name of hypnone.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.] |
CH3COCH3
(gcide) | acetone \ac"e*tone\ ([a^]s"[-e]*t[=o]n), n. [See Acetic.]
(Chem.)
A volatile liquid (CH3.CO.CH3); pyroacetic spirit; methyl
ketone; -- obtained by fermentation, the distillation of
certain acetates, or by the destructive distillation of
citric acid, starch, sugar, or gum, with quicklime. It is
commonly used as a solvent.
[1913 Webster +PJC]
Note: The term was once also applied to a number of bodies of
similar constitution, more frequently called ketones.
See Ketone.
[1913 Webster +PJC] |
CH3COOC6H4COOH
(gcide) | Aspirin \As"pi*rin\, n. (Pharm.)
A white crystalline compound, acetyl salicylic acid
(CH3.CO.O.C6H4.CO.OH) widely used as a drug for relief of
pain and alleviation of fever. It has analgesic, antipyretic,
and antiinflammatory properties, and is one of a class of
agents called non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
The name was originally a trade name, but has become the
preferred name for the substance. It is actually a prodrug,
liberating salicylic acid, the ultimate pharmacologically
active agent, in the intestines. It is more effective when
taken orally than is salicylic acid, because it dissolves
more readily.
Syn: 2-(acetyloxy)benzoic acid
[Webster 1913 Suppl. +PJC] |
CH3COOC6H4OH
(gcide) | Wintergreen \Win"ter*green`\, n. (Bot.)
A plant which keeps its leaves green through the winter.
[1913 Webster]
Note: In England, the name wintergreen is applied to the
species of Pyrola which in America are called
English wintergreen, and shin leaf (see Shin leaf,
under Shin.) In America, the name wintergreen is
given to Gaultheria procumbens, a low evergreen
aromatic plant with oval leaves clustered at the top of
a short stem, and bearing small white flowers followed
by red berries; -- called also checkerberry, and
sometimes, though improperly, partridge berry.
[1913 Webster]
Chickweed wintergreen, a low perennial primulaceous herb
(Trientalis Americana); -- also called star flower.
Flowering wintergreen, a low plant (Polygala paucifolia)
with leaves somewhat like those of the wintergreen
(Gaultheria), and bearing a few showy, rose-purple
blossoms.
oil of wintergreen, An aromatic oil, consisting almost
entirely of methyl salicylate (CH3CO.O.C6H4.OH),
obtained by distillation of an extract of the wintergreen
(Gaultheria procumbens); it can also be obtained from
some other plants. It is used as a flavoring agent for
tooth powders and pastes, sometimes combined with menthol
or eucalyptus. It is called also oil of teaberry, {oil
of partridgeberry}, and oil of gaultheria.
Spotted wintergreen, a low evergreen plant ({Chimaphila
maculata}) with ovate, white-spotted leaves.
[1913 Webster + PJC] |
CH3COOH
(gcide) | Formula \For"mu*la\, n.; pl. E. Formulas, L. Formul[ae].
[L., dim. of forma form, model. SeeForm, n.]
1. A prescribed or set form; an established rule; a fixed or
conventional method in which anything is to be done,
arranged, or said.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Eccl.) A written confession of faith; a formal statement
of foctrines.
[1913 Webster]
3. (Math.) A rule or principle expressed in algebraic
language; as, the binominal formula.
[1913 Webster]
4. (Med.) A prescription or recipe for the preparation of a
medicinal compound.
[1913 Webster]
5. (Chem.) A symbolic expression (by means of letters,
figures, etc.) of the constituents or constitution of a
compound.
[1913 Webster]
Note: Chemical formul[ae] consist of the abbreviations of the
names of the elements, with a small figure at the lower
right hand, to denote the number of atoms of each
element contained.
[1913 Webster]
Empirical formula (Chem.), an expression which gives the
simple proportion of the constituents; as, the empirical
formula of acetic acid is C2H4O2.
Graphic formula, Rational formula (Chem.), an expression
of the constitution, and in a limited sense of the
structure, of a compound, by the grouping of its atoms or
radicals; as, a rational formula of acetic acid is
CH3.(C:O).OH; -- called also structural formula,
constitutional formula, etc. See also the formula of
Benzene nucleus, under Benzene.
Molecular formula (Chem.), a formula indicating the
supposed molecular constitution of a compound.
[1913 Webster] |
CH3NH2
(gcide) | Methyl \Meth"yl\, n. [See Methylene.] (Chem.)
A univalent hydrocarbon radical, CH3-, not existing alone
but regarded as an essential residue of methane, and
appearing as a component part of many derivatives; as, methyl
alcohol, methyl ether, methyl amine, etc. [Formerly written
also methule, methyle, etc.]
[1913 Webster]
Methyl alcohol (Chem.), a light, volatile, inflammable
liquid, CH3.OH, obtained by the distillation of wood,
and hence called wood alcohol or wood spirit;
tecnically referred to as methanol; -- called also
methol, carbinol, etc.
Methyl amine (Chem.), a colorless, inflammable, alkaline
gas, CH3.NH2, having an ammoniacal, fishy odor. It is
produced artificially, and also occurs naturally in
herring brine and other fishy products. It is regarded as
ammonia in which a third of its hydrogen is replaced by
methyl, and is a type of the class of substituted
ammonias.
Methyl ether (Chem.), a light, volatile ether CH3.O.CH3,
obtained by the etherification of methyl alcohol; --
called also methyl oxide or dimethyl ether.
Methyl green. (Chem.) See under Green, n.
Methyl orange. (Chem.) See Helianthin.
Methyl violet (Chem.), an artificial dye, consisting of
certain methyl halogen derivatives of rosaniline.
[1913 Webster] |
CH3NHCH3
(gcide) | Isomer \I"so*mer\ ([imac]"s[-o]*m[~e]r), n. [See Isomeric.]
(Chem.)
A compound which is isomeric with another body or compound; a
compound having the same chemical composition as another
compound; a member of an isomeric series.
[1913 Webster +PJC]
Note: An isomer may be a structural isomer, in which some
of the atoms are bonded to different atoms (as in
CH3.CH2.NH2 and CH3.NH.CH3), or an {optical
isomer}, in which the number and types of chemical
bonds are identical, but the arrangement of the atoms
in three-dimensional space is different; the latter are
also called stereoisomers.
[PJC] |
CH3NO2
(gcide) | Nitromethane \Ni`tro*meth"ane\, n. [Nitro- + methane.] (Chem.)
A nitro derivative of methane (CH3.NO2), obtained as a
mobile liquid; -- called also nitrocarbol. It has been used
as a rocket fuel and as a gasoline additive to add power to
the fuel, especially in racing cars.
[1913 Webster] |
CH3O
(gcide) | Methoxyl \Meth*ox"yl\, n. [Methyl + hydroxyl.] (Chem.)
A hypothetical radical, CH3O, analogous to hydroxyl.
[1913 Webster] |
CH3OC6H4-
(gcide) | Anisyl \An"i*syl\, n. (Org. Chem.)
(a) The univalent radical, CH3.O.C6H4-, of which anisol is
the hydride.
(b) The univalent radical CH3.O.C6H4.CH2-; as, anisyl
alcohol.
(c) The univalent radical CH3.O.C6H4.CO-, of anisic acid.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.] |
CH3OC6H4CH2-
(gcide) | Anisyl \An"i*syl\, n. (Org. Chem.)
(a) The univalent radical, CH3.O.C6H4-, of which anisol is
the hydride.
(b) The univalent radical CH3.O.C6H4.CH2-; as, anisyl
alcohol.
(c) The univalent radical CH3.O.C6H4.CO-, of anisic acid.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.] |
CH3OC6H4CO-
(gcide) | Anisyl \An"i*syl\, n. (Org. Chem.)
(a) The univalent radical, CH3.O.C6H4-, of which anisol is
the hydride.
(b) The univalent radical CH3.O.C6H4.CH2-; as, anisyl
alcohol.
(c) The univalent radical CH3.O.C6H4.CO-, of anisic acid.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.] |
CH3OCH3
(gcide) | Methyl \Meth"yl\, n. [See Methylene.] (Chem.)
A univalent hydrocarbon radical, CH3-, not existing alone
but regarded as an essential residue of methane, and
appearing as a component part of many derivatives; as, methyl
alcohol, methyl ether, methyl amine, etc. [Formerly written
also methule, methyle, etc.]
[1913 Webster]
Methyl alcohol (Chem.), a light, volatile, inflammable
liquid, CH3.OH, obtained by the distillation of wood,
and hence called wood alcohol or wood spirit;
tecnically referred to as methanol; -- called also
methol, carbinol, etc.
Methyl amine (Chem.), a colorless, inflammable, alkaline
gas, CH3.NH2, having an ammoniacal, fishy odor. It is
produced artificially, and also occurs naturally in
herring brine and other fishy products. It is regarded as
ammonia in which a third of its hydrogen is replaced by
methyl, and is a type of the class of substituted
ammonias.
Methyl ether (Chem.), a light, volatile ether CH3.O.CH3,
obtained by the etherification of methyl alcohol; --
called also methyl oxide or dimethyl ether.
Methyl green. (Chem.) See under Green, n.
Methyl orange. (Chem.) See Helianthin.
Methyl violet (Chem.), an artificial dye, consisting of
certain methyl halogen derivatives of rosaniline.
[1913 Webster] |
CH3OH
(gcide) | methanol \methanol\ n. (Chem.)
The simplest alcohol of the paraffin series, CH3.OH; methyl
alcohol. Called also wood alcohol. It is used as an
antifreeze solvent, as a fuel, and as a denaturant for ethyl
alcohol.
Syn: methyl alcohol, wood alcohol, wood spirit.
[WordNet 1.5 +PJC]Methyl \Meth"yl\, n. [See Methylene.] (Chem.)
A univalent hydrocarbon radical, CH3-, not existing alone
but regarded as an essential residue of methane, and
appearing as a component part of many derivatives; as, methyl
alcohol, methyl ether, methyl amine, etc. [Formerly written
also methule, methyle, etc.]
[1913 Webster]
Methyl alcohol (Chem.), a light, volatile, inflammable
liquid, CH3.OH, obtained by the distillation of wood,
and hence called wood alcohol or wood spirit;
tecnically referred to as methanol; -- called also
methol, carbinol, etc.
Methyl amine (Chem.), a colorless, inflammable, alkaline
gas, CH3.NH2, having an ammoniacal, fishy odor. It is
produced artificially, and also occurs naturally in
herring brine and other fishy products. It is regarded as
ammonia in which a third of its hydrogen is replaced by
methyl, and is a type of the class of substituted
ammonias.
Methyl ether (Chem.), a light, volatile ether CH3.O.CH3,
obtained by the etherification of methyl alcohol; --
called also methyl oxide or dimethyl ether.
Methyl green. (Chem.) See under Green, n.
Methyl orange. (Chem.) See Helianthin.
Methyl violet (Chem.), an artificial dye, consisting of
certain methyl halogen derivatives of rosaniline.
[1913 Webster]Alcohol \Al"co*hol\ ([a^]l"k[-o]*h[o^]l), n. [Cf. F. alcool,
formerly written alcohol, Sp. alcohol alcohol, antimony,
galena, OSp. alcofol; all fr. Ar. al-kohl a powder of
antimony or galena, to paint the eyebrows with. The name was
afterwards applied, on account of the fineness of this
powder, to highly rectified spirits, a signification unknown
in Arabia. The Sp. word has both meanings. Cf. Alquifou.]
1. An impalpable powder. [Obs.]
[1913 Webster]
2. The fluid essence or pure spirit obtained by distillation.
[Obs.] --Boyle.
[1913 Webster]
3. Pure spirit of wine; pure or highly rectified spirit
(called also ethyl alcohol or ethanol, CH3.CH2.OH);
the spirituous or intoxicating element of fermented or
distilled liquors, or more loosely a liquid containing it
in considerable quantity. It is extracted by simple
distillation from various vegetable juices and infusions
of a saccharine nature, which have undergone vinous
fermentation.
Note: [The ferementation is usually carried out by addition
of brewer's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae to an
aqueous solution containing carbohydrates.]
[1913 Webster +PJC]
Note: As used in the U. S. "Pharmacop[oe]ia," alcohol
contains 91 per cent by weight of ethyl alcohol and 9
per cent of water; and diluted alcohol (proof spirit)
contains 45.5 per cent by weight of ethyl alcohol and
54.5 per cent of water.
[1913 Webster]
4. (Organic Chem.) A class of compounds analogous to vinic
alcohol in constitution. Chemically speaking, they are
hydroxides of certain organic radicals; as, the radical
ethyl forms common or ethyl alcohol (C2H5.OH); methyl
forms methyl alcohol (CH3.OH) or wood alcohol; amyl
forms amyl alcohol (C5H11.OH) or fusel oil, etc.
[1913 Webster]Carbinol \Car"bi*nol\, n. [Carbin (Kolbe's name for the radical)
+ -ol.] (Chem.)
Methyl alcohol, CH3OH; -- also, by extension, any one in
the homologous series of paraffine alcohols of which methyl
alcohol is the type.
[1913 Webster] |
CH3ONa
(gcide) | Methylate \Meth"yl*ate\, n. [Methyl + alcoholate.] (Chem.)
An alcoholate of methyl alcohol in which the hydroxyl
hydrogen is replaced by a metal, after the analogy of a
hydrate; as, sodium methylate, CH3ONa.
[1913 Webster] |
CH3POOH2
(gcide) | Phosphonic \Phos*phon"ic\ (f[o^]s*f[o^]n"[i^]k), a. [Phosphoric
+ sulphonic.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or designating, certain derivatives of
phosphorous acid containing a hydrocarbon radical with the
phosphorus directly bonded to a carbon, and analogous to the
sulphonic acids; as, methanephosphonic acid, CH3.PO.(OH)2.
[1913 Webster + PJC] |
CH3SOOH
(gcide) | Sulphinic \Sul*phin"ic\, a. (Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, or designating, any one of a series of
acids regarded as acid ethereal salts of hyposulphurous acid;
as, methyl sulphinic acid, CH3.SO.OH, a thick unstable
liquid.
[1913 Webster] |
H2COCH32
(gcide) | Methylal \Meth"yl*al\, n. [Methylene + alcohol.] (Chem.)
A light, volatile liquid, H2C(OCH3)2, regarded as a complex
ether, and having a pleasant ethereal odor. It is obtained by
the partial oxidation of methyl alcohol. Called also
formal.
[1913 Webster] |
HOC6H4NHCOCH3
(gcide) | acetaminophen \acetaminophen\ n.
1. a white crystalline compound (HO.C6H4.NH.CO.CH3) used as
an analgesic and also as an antipyretic. It has molecular
weight 151.16. It is the active ingredient in the
commercial analgesics Tylenol and Datril.
Syn: p-hydroxyacetanilide, p-acetamidophenol,
N-acetyl-p-aminophenol, paracetamol,
N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamide
Note: It is sold under many trade names, and has been one of
the most popular analgesics in the late 20th century.
It is used in place of aspirin by people in whom
aspirin causes undesirable side effects, such as
stomach irritation or stomach bleeding.
[PJC] |
NCH33
(gcide) | Trimethylamine \Tri*meth`yl*am"ine\, n. [Trimethyl- + amine.]
(Chem.)
A colorless volatile alkaline liquid, N.(CH3)3, obtained
from herring brine, beet roots, etc., with a characteristic
herringlike odor. It is regarded as a substituted ammonia
containing three methyl groups.
[1913 Webster] |
ZnCH32
(gcide) | Zinc \Zinc\ (z[i^][ng]k), n. [G. zink, probably akin to zinn
tin: cf. F. zinc, from the German. Cf. Tin.] (Chem.)
An abundant element of the magnesium-cadmium group, extracted
principally from the minerals zinc blende, smithsonite,
calamine, and franklinite, as an easily fusible bluish white
metal, which is malleable, especially when heated. It is not
easily oxidized in moist air, and hence is used for sheeting,
coating galvanized iron, etc. It is used in making brass,
britannia, and other alloys, and is also largely consumed in
electric batteries. Symbol Zn. Atomic number 30. Atomic
weight 65.38. [Formerly written also zink.]
[1913 Webster]
Butter of zinc (Old Chem.), zinc chloride, ZnCl2, a
deliquescent white waxy or oily substance.
Oxide of zinc. (Chem.) See Zinc oxide, below.
Zinc amine (Chem.), a white amorphous substance,
Zn(NH2)2, obtained by the action of ammonia on zinc
ethyl; -- called also zinc amide.
Zinc amyle (Chem.), a colorless, transparent liquid,
composed of zinc and amyle, which, when exposed to the
atmosphere, emits fumes, and absorbs oxygen with rapidity.
Zinc blende [cf. G. zinkblende] (Min.), a native zinc
sulphide. See Blende, n.
(a) .
Zinc bloom [cf. G. zinkblumen flowers of zinc, oxide of
zinc] (Min.), hydrous carbonate of zinc, usually occurring
in white earthy incrustations; -- called also
hydrozincite.
Zinc ethyl (Chem.), a colorless, transparent, poisonous
liquid, composed of zinc and ethyl, which takes fire
spontaneously on exposure to the atmosphere.
Zinc green, a green pigment consisting of zinc and cobalt
oxides; -- called also Rinmann's green.
Zinc methyl (Chem.), a colorless mobile liquid Zn(CH3)2,
produced by the action of methyl iodide on a zinc sodium
alloy. It has a disagreeable odor, and is spontaneously
inflammable in the air. It has been of great importance in
the synthesis of organic compounds, and is the type of a
large series of similar compounds, as zinc ethyl, zinc
amyle, etc.
Zinc oxide (Chem.), the oxide of zinc, ZnO, forming a
light fluffy sublimate when zinc is burned; -- called also
flowers of zinc, philosopher's wool, nihil album,
etc. The impure oxide produced by burning the metal,
roasting its ores, or in melting brass, is called also
pompholyx, and tutty.
Zinc spinel (Min.), a mineral, related to spinel,
consisting essentially of the oxides of zinc and
aluminium; gahnite.
Zinc vitriol (Chem.), zinc sulphate. See White vitriol,
under Vitriol.
Zinc white, a white powder consisting of zinc oxide, used
as a pigment.
[1913 Webster] |
|