| slovo | definícia |
CH3C
(gcide) | Ethenyl \Eth"e*nyl\, n. [Ethene + -yl.] (Chem.)
(a) A trivalent hydrocarbon radical, CH3.C.
(b) A univalent hydrocarbon radical of the ethylene series,
CH2:CH; -- called also vinyl. See Vinyl.
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| | podobné slovo | definícia |
CH3C
(gcide) | Ethenyl \Eth"e*nyl\, n. [Ethene + -yl.] (Chem.)
(a) A trivalent hydrocarbon radical, CH3.C.
(b) A univalent hydrocarbon radical of the ethylene series,
CH2:CH; -- called also vinyl. See Vinyl.
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CH3C6H3CO2H2
(gcide) | Uvitic \U*vit"ic\, a. [From L. uva a grape. So called because it
may be produced indirectly from tartaric acid, which is found
in the grape.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or designating, an acid, CH3C6H3(CO2H)2,
obtained as a white crystalline substance by the partial
oxidation of mesitylene; -- called also mesitic acid.
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CH3C6H4
(gcide) | Tolyl \Tol"yl\, n. [Toluic + -yl.] (Chem.)
The hydrocarbon radical, CH3.C6H4, regarded as
characteristic of certain compounds of the aromatic series
related to toluene; as, tolyl carbinol.
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CH3C6H4C3H7
(gcide) | Cymene \Cy"mene\ (s?"m?n), n. (Chem.)
A colorless, liquid, combustible hydrocarbon,
CH3.C6H4.C3H7, of pleasant odor, obtained from oil of
cumin, oil of caraway, carvacrol, camphor, etc.; -- called
also paracymene, and formerly camphogen.
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CH3C6H4CO2H
(gcide) | Toluic \To*lu"ic\, a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or designating, one of three metameric acids,
CH3.C6H4.CO2H, which are related to toluene and analogous
to benzoic acids. They are white crystalline substances, and
are called respectively orthotoluic acid, metatoluic
acid, and paratoluic acid.
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CH3C6H4OH
(gcide) | Cresol \Cre"sol\ (kr[=e]"s[=o]l), n. [From Creosote.] (Chem.)
Any one of three metameric substances, CH3.C6H4.OH,
homologous with and resembling phenol. They are obtained from
coal tar and wood tar, and are colorless, oily liquids or
solids.
Note: [Called also cresylic acid.]
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CH3CH
(gcide) | Ethylidene \E*thyl"i*dene\ (Chem.)
An unsymmetrical, divalent, hydrocarbon radical, C2H4
metameric with ethylene but written thus, CH3.CH= to
distinguish it from the symmetrical ethylene, CH2=CH2. Its
compounds are derived from aldehyde. Formerly called also
ethidene.
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CH3CH210COOH
(gcide) | Lauric acid \Lauric acid\ (Chem.),
a white, crystalline substance, CH3.(CH2)10.COOH,
resembling palmitic acid, and obtained from the fruit of the
bay tree, and various other vegetable sources. The sodium
salt (sodium lauryl sulfate) is used as a detergent.
Syn: dodecanoic acid, laurostearic acid, dodecoic acid.
[1913 Webster + PJC] |
CH3CH25CHOHCH2CHCHCH27COOH
(gcide) | ricinoleic acid \ric`in*o"le*ic ac"id\, n. (Chem.)
An organic acid (C18H34O3) obtained from the castor-oil
plant (Ricinus communis, or Palma Christi) and other
species of the family Euphorbiaceae; chemicaly it is
d-12-hydroxyoleic acid
(CH3(CH2)5.CH(OH).CH2.CH=CH.(CH2)7COOH). Formerly called
palmic acid.
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CH3CH2CH
(gcide) | Propidene \Pro"pi*dene\, n. [Propyl + ethylidene.] (Chem.)
The unsymmetrical hypothetical hydrocarbon radical,
CH3.CH2.CH, analogous to ethylidene, and regarded as the
type of certain derivatives of propane; -- called also
propylidene.
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CH3CH2NH2
(gcide) | Isomer \I"so*mer\ ([imac]"s[-o]*m[~e]r), n. [See Isomeric.]
(Chem.)
A compound which is isomeric with another body or compound; a
compound having the same chemical composition as another
compound; a member of an isomeric series.
[1913 Webster +PJC]
Note: An isomer may be a structural isomer, in which some
of the atoms are bonded to different atoms (as in
CH3.CH2.NH2 and CH3.NH.CH3), or an {optical
isomer}, in which the number and types of chemical
bonds are identical, but the arrangement of the atoms
in three-dimensional space is different; the latter are
also called stereoisomers.
[PJC] |
CH3-CH2-OH
(gcide) | molecular formula \mo*lec"u*lar form"u*la\, n. (Chem.)
An expression representing the composition of elements in a
chemical substance, commonly consisting of a series of
letters and numbers comprising the atomic symbols of each
element present in a compound followed by the number of atoms
of that element present in one molecule of the substance.
Thus the molecular formula for common alcohol (ethyl alcohol)
is C2H6O, meaning that each molecule contains two carbon
atoms, six hydrogen atoms, and one oxygen atom. The molecular
formula may be written to provide some indication of the
actual structure of the molecule, in which case structural
units may be written separately. Thus, ethyl alcohol can also
be written as CH3.CH2.OH or CH3-CH2-OH, in which the
period or dash between functional groups indicates a single
bond between the principle atoms of each group. This formula
shows that in ethyl alcohol, the carbon of a methyl group
(CH3-) is attached to the carbon of a methylene group
(-CH2-), which is attached to the oxygen of a hydroxyl
group (-OH). A structural formula is a graphical
depiction of the relative positions of atoms in a molecule,
and may be very complicated.
[PJC]Alcohol \Al"co*hol\ ([a^]l"k[-o]*h[o^]l), n. [Cf. F. alcool,
formerly written alcohol, Sp. alcohol alcohol, antimony,
galena, OSp. alcofol; all fr. Ar. al-kohl a powder of
antimony or galena, to paint the eyebrows with. The name was
afterwards applied, on account of the fineness of this
powder, to highly rectified spirits, a signification unknown
in Arabia. The Sp. word has both meanings. Cf. Alquifou.]
1. An impalpable powder. [Obs.]
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2. The fluid essence or pure spirit obtained by distillation.
[Obs.] --Boyle.
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3. Pure spirit of wine; pure or highly rectified spirit
(called also ethyl alcohol or ethanol, CH3.CH2.OH);
the spirituous or intoxicating element of fermented or
distilled liquors, or more loosely a liquid containing it
in considerable quantity. It is extracted by simple
distillation from various vegetable juices and infusions
of a saccharine nature, which have undergone vinous
fermentation.
Note: [The ferementation is usually carried out by addition
of brewer's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae to an
aqueous solution containing carbohydrates.]
[1913 Webster +PJC]
Note: As used in the U. S. "Pharmacop[oe]ia," alcohol
contains 91 per cent by weight of ethyl alcohol and 9
per cent of water; and diluted alcohol (proof spirit)
contains 45.5 per cent by weight of ethyl alcohol and
54.5 per cent of water.
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4. (Organic Chem.) A class of compounds analogous to vinic
alcohol in constitution. Chemically speaking, they are
hydroxides of certain organic radicals; as, the radical
ethyl forms common or ethyl alcohol (C2H5.OH); methyl
forms methyl alcohol (CH3.OH) or wood alcohol; amyl
forms amyl alcohol (C5H11.OH) or fusel oil, etc.
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CH3CH2OH
(gcide) | molecular formula \mo*lec"u*lar form"u*la\, n. (Chem.)
An expression representing the composition of elements in a
chemical substance, commonly consisting of a series of
letters and numbers comprising the atomic symbols of each
element present in a compound followed by the number of atoms
of that element present in one molecule of the substance.
Thus the molecular formula for common alcohol (ethyl alcohol)
is C2H6O, meaning that each molecule contains two carbon
atoms, six hydrogen atoms, and one oxygen atom. The molecular
formula may be written to provide some indication of the
actual structure of the molecule, in which case structural
units may be written separately. Thus, ethyl alcohol can also
be written as CH3.CH2.OH or CH3-CH2-OH, in which the
period or dash between functional groups indicates a single
bond between the principle atoms of each group. This formula
shows that in ethyl alcohol, the carbon of a methyl group
(CH3-) is attached to the carbon of a methylene group
(-CH2-), which is attached to the oxygen of a hydroxyl
group (-OH). A structural formula is a graphical
depiction of the relative positions of atoms in a molecule,
and may be very complicated.
[PJC]Alcohol \Al"co*hol\ ([a^]l"k[-o]*h[o^]l), n. [Cf. F. alcool,
formerly written alcohol, Sp. alcohol alcohol, antimony,
galena, OSp. alcofol; all fr. Ar. al-kohl a powder of
antimony or galena, to paint the eyebrows with. The name was
afterwards applied, on account of the fineness of this
powder, to highly rectified spirits, a signification unknown
in Arabia. The Sp. word has both meanings. Cf. Alquifou.]
1. An impalpable powder. [Obs.]
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2. The fluid essence or pure spirit obtained by distillation.
[Obs.] --Boyle.
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3. Pure spirit of wine; pure or highly rectified spirit
(called also ethyl alcohol or ethanol, CH3.CH2.OH);
the spirituous or intoxicating element of fermented or
distilled liquors, or more loosely a liquid containing it
in considerable quantity. It is extracted by simple
distillation from various vegetable juices and infusions
of a saccharine nature, which have undergone vinous
fermentation.
Note: [The ferementation is usually carried out by addition
of brewer's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae to an
aqueous solution containing carbohydrates.]
[1913 Webster +PJC]
Note: As used in the U. S. "Pharmacop[oe]ia," alcohol
contains 91 per cent by weight of ethyl alcohol and 9
per cent of water; and diluted alcohol (proof spirit)
contains 45.5 per cent by weight of ethyl alcohol and
54.5 per cent of water.
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4. (Organic Chem.) A class of compounds analogous to vinic
alcohol in constitution. Chemically speaking, they are
hydroxides of certain organic radicals; as, the radical
ethyl forms common or ethyl alcohol (C2H5.OH); methyl
forms methyl alcohol (CH3.OH) or wood alcohol; amyl
forms amyl alcohol (C5H11.OH) or fusel oil, etc.
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CH3CHOHCO-
(gcide) | Lactyl \Lac"tyl\, n. [Lactic + -yl.] (Chem.)
An organic residue or radical (CH3.CHOH.CO-) derived from
lactic acid.
[1913 Webster +PJC] Lacunae |
CH3Cl
(gcide) | Chlormethane \Chlor`meth"ane\, n. (Chem.)
A colorless gas, CH3Cl, of a sweet odor, easily condensed
to a liquid; -- called also methyl chloride. |
CH3COC6H5
(gcide) | Acetophenone \Ac`e*to*phe"none\ (-f[=e]"n[=o]n), n. [Acetic +
phenyl + one.] (Chem.)
A crystalline ketone, CH3.CO.C6H5, which may be obtained by
the dry distillation of a mixture of the calcium salts of
acetic and benzoic acids. It is used as a hypnotic under the
name of hypnone.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.] |
CH3COCH3
(gcide) | acetone \ac"e*tone\ ([a^]s"[-e]*t[=o]n), n. [See Acetic.]
(Chem.)
A volatile liquid (CH3.CO.CH3); pyroacetic spirit; methyl
ketone; -- obtained by fermentation, the distillation of
certain acetates, or by the destructive distillation of
citric acid, starch, sugar, or gum, with quicklime. It is
commonly used as a solvent.
[1913 Webster +PJC]
Note: The term was once also applied to a number of bodies of
similar constitution, more frequently called ketones.
See Ketone.
[1913 Webster +PJC] |
CH3COOC6H4COOH
(gcide) | Aspirin \As"pi*rin\, n. (Pharm.)
A white crystalline compound, acetyl salicylic acid
(CH3.CO.O.C6H4.CO.OH) widely used as a drug for relief of
pain and alleviation of fever. It has analgesic, antipyretic,
and antiinflammatory properties, and is one of a class of
agents called non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
The name was originally a trade name, but has become the
preferred name for the substance. It is actually a prodrug,
liberating salicylic acid, the ultimate pharmacologically
active agent, in the intestines. It is more effective when
taken orally than is salicylic acid, because it dissolves
more readily.
Syn: 2-(acetyloxy)benzoic acid
[Webster 1913 Suppl. +PJC] |
CH3COOC6H4OH
(gcide) | Wintergreen \Win"ter*green`\, n. (Bot.)
A plant which keeps its leaves green through the winter.
[1913 Webster]
Note: In England, the name wintergreen is applied to the
species of Pyrola which in America are called
English wintergreen, and shin leaf (see Shin leaf,
under Shin.) In America, the name wintergreen is
given to Gaultheria procumbens, a low evergreen
aromatic plant with oval leaves clustered at the top of
a short stem, and bearing small white flowers followed
by red berries; -- called also checkerberry, and
sometimes, though improperly, partridge berry.
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Chickweed wintergreen, a low perennial primulaceous herb
(Trientalis Americana); -- also called star flower.
Flowering wintergreen, a low plant (Polygala paucifolia)
with leaves somewhat like those of the wintergreen
(Gaultheria), and bearing a few showy, rose-purple
blossoms.
oil of wintergreen, An aromatic oil, consisting almost
entirely of methyl salicylate (CH3CO.O.C6H4.OH),
obtained by distillation of an extract of the wintergreen
(Gaultheria procumbens); it can also be obtained from
some other plants. It is used as a flavoring agent for
tooth powders and pastes, sometimes combined with menthol
or eucalyptus. It is called also oil of teaberry, {oil
of partridgeberry}, and oil of gaultheria.
Spotted wintergreen, a low evergreen plant ({Chimaphila
maculata}) with ovate, white-spotted leaves.
[1913 Webster + PJC] |
CH3COOH
(gcide) | Formula \For"mu*la\, n.; pl. E. Formulas, L. Formul[ae].
[L., dim. of forma form, model. SeeForm, n.]
1. A prescribed or set form; an established rule; a fixed or
conventional method in which anything is to be done,
arranged, or said.
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2. (Eccl.) A written confession of faith; a formal statement
of foctrines.
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3. (Math.) A rule or principle expressed in algebraic
language; as, the binominal formula.
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4. (Med.) A prescription or recipe for the preparation of a
medicinal compound.
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5. (Chem.) A symbolic expression (by means of letters,
figures, etc.) of the constituents or constitution of a
compound.
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Note: Chemical formul[ae] consist of the abbreviations of the
names of the elements, with a small figure at the lower
right hand, to denote the number of atoms of each
element contained.
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Empirical formula (Chem.), an expression which gives the
simple proportion of the constituents; as, the empirical
formula of acetic acid is C2H4O2.
Graphic formula, Rational formula (Chem.), an expression
of the constitution, and in a limited sense of the
structure, of a compound, by the grouping of its atoms or
radicals; as, a rational formula of acetic acid is
CH3.(C:O).OH; -- called also structural formula,
constitutional formula, etc. See also the formula of
Benzene nucleus, under Benzene.
Molecular formula (Chem.), a formula indicating the
supposed molecular constitution of a compound.
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