| slovo | definícia |
vowel
(mass) | vowel
- samohláska |
vowel
(encz) | vowel,samohláska n: Zdeněk Brož |
Vowel
(gcide) | Vowel \Vow"el\, n. [F. voyelle, or an OF. form without y, L.
vocalis (sc. littera), from vocalis sounding, from vox,
vocis, a voice, sound. See Vocal.] (Phon.)
A vocal, or sometimes a whispered, sound modified by
resonance in the oral passage, the peculiar resonance in each
case giving to each several vowel its distinctive character
or quality as a sound of speech; -- distinguished from a
consonant in that the latter, whether made with or without
vocality, derives its character in every case from some kind
of obstructive action by the mouth organs. Also, a letter or
character which represents such a sound. See Guide to
Pronunciation, [sect][sect] 5, 146-149.
[1913 Webster]
Note: In the English language, the written vowels are a, e,
i, o, u, and sometimes w and y. The spoken vowels are
much more numerous.
[1913 Webster]
Close vowel. See under Close, a.
Vowel point. See under Point, n.
[1913 Webster] |
Vowel
(gcide) | Vowel \Vow"el\, a.
Of or pertaining to a vowel; vocal.
[1913 Webster] |
vowel
(wn) | vowel
n 1: a speech sound made with the vocal tract open [syn:
vowel, vowel sound] [ant: consonant]
2: a letter of the alphabet standing for a spoken vowel |
| | podobné slovo | definícia |
vowel
(mass) | vowel
- samohláska |
broad vowel
(encz) | broad vowel,otevřená samohláska |
murmur vowel
(encz) | murmur vowel, n: |
semivowel
(encz) | semivowel,polosamohláska n: Zdeněk Brož |
stem vowel
(encz) | stem vowel, n: |
thematic vowel
(encz) | thematic vowel, n: |
vowel
(encz) | vowel,samohláska n: Zdeněk Brož |
vowel point
(encz) | vowel point, n: |
vowel rhyme
(encz) | vowel rhyme, n: |
vowel sound
(encz) | vowel sound, n: |
vowel system
(encz) | vowel system, n: |
vowelise
(encz) | vowelise, v: |
vowelize
(encz) | vowelize, v: |
vowellike
(encz) | vowellike, adj: |
vowels
(encz) | vowels,samohlásky n: pl. Zdeněk Brož |
Close vowel
(gcide) | Vowel \Vow"el\, n. [F. voyelle, or an OF. form without y, L.
vocalis (sc. littera), from vocalis sounding, from vox,
vocis, a voice, sound. See Vocal.] (Phon.)
A vocal, or sometimes a whispered, sound modified by
resonance in the oral passage, the peculiar resonance in each
case giving to each several vowel its distinctive character
or quality as a sound of speech; -- distinguished from a
consonant in that the latter, whether made with or without
vocality, derives its character in every case from some kind
of obstructive action by the mouth organs. Also, a letter or
character which represents such a sound. See Guide to
Pronunciation, [sect][sect] 5, 146-149.
[1913 Webster]
Note: In the English language, the written vowels are a, e,
i, o, u, and sometimes w and y. The spoken vowels are
much more numerous.
[1913 Webster]
Close vowel. See under Close, a.
Vowel point. See under Point, n.
[1913 Webster]Close \Close\ (kl[=o]s), a. [Compar. Closer (kl[=o]"s[~e]r);
superl. Closest.] [Of. & F. clos, p. p. of clore. See
Close, v. t.]
1. Shut fast; closed; tight; as, a close box.
[1913 Webster]
From a close bower this dainty music flowed.
--Dryden.
[1913 Webster]
2. Narrow; confined; as, a close alley; close quarters. "A
close prison." --Dickens.
[1913 Webster]
3. Oppressive; without motion or ventilation; causing a
feeling of lassitude; -- said of the air, weather, etc.
[1913 Webster]
If the rooms be low-roofed, or full of windows and
doors, the one maketh the air close, . . . and the
other maketh it exceeding unequal. --Bacon.
[1913 Webster]
4. Strictly confined; carefully quarded; as, a close
prisoner.
[1913 Webster]
5. Out of the way observation; secluded; secret; hidden. "He
yet kept himself close because of Saul." --1 Chron. xii. 1
[1913 Webster]
"Her close intent." --Spenser.
[1913 Webster]
6. Disposed to keep secrets; secretive; reticent. "For
secrecy, no lady closer." --Shak.
[1913 Webster]
7. Having the parts near each other; dense; solid; compact;
as applied to bodies; viscous; tenacious; not volatile, as
applied to liquids.
[1913 Webster]
The golden globe being put into a press, . . . the
water made itself way through the pores of that very
close metal. --Locke.
[1913 Webster]
8. Concise; to the point; as, close reasoning. "Where the
original is close no version can reach it in the same
compass." --Dryden.
[1913 Webster]
9. Adjoining; near; either in space; time, or thought; --
often followed by to.
[1913 Webster]
Plant the spring crocuses close to a wall.
--Mortimer.
[1913 Webster]
The thought of the Man of sorrows seemed a very
close thing -- not a faint hearsay. --G. Eliot.
[1913 Webster]
10. Short; as, to cut grass or hair close.
[1913 Webster]
11. Intimate; familiar; confidential.
[1913 Webster]
League with you I seek
And mutual amity, so strait, so close,
That I with you must dwell, or you with me.
--Milton.
[1913 Webster]
12. Nearly equal; almost evenly balanced; as, a close vote.
"A close contest." --Prescott.
[1913 Webster]
13. Difficult to obtain; as, money is close. --Bartlett.
[1913 Webster]
14. Parsimonious; stingy. "A crusty old fellow, as close as a
vise." --Hawthorne.
[1913 Webster]
15. Adhering strictly to a standard or original; exact;
strict; as, a close translation. --Locke.
[1913 Webster]
16. Accurate; careful; precise; also, attentive; undeviating;
strict; not wandering; as, a close observer.
[1913 Webster]
17. (Phon.) Uttered with a relatively contracted opening of
the mouth, as certain sounds of e and o in French,
Italian, and German; -- opposed to open.
[1913 Webster]
Close borough. See under Borough.
Close breeding. See under Breeding.
Close communion, communion in the Lord's supper, restricted
to those who have received baptism by immersion.
Close corporation, a body or corporation which fills its
own vacancies.
Close fertilization. (Bot.) See Fertilization.
Close harmony (Mus.), compact harmony, in which the tones
composing each chord are not widely distributed over
several octaves.
Close time, a fixed period during which killing game or
catching certain fish is prohibited by law.
Close vowel (Pron.), a vowel which is pronounced with a
diminished aperture of the lips, or with contraction of
the cavity of the mouth.
Close to the wind (Naut.), directed as nearly to the point
from which the wind blows as it is possible to sail;
closehauled; -- said of a vessel.
[1913 Webster] |
indefinite vowel
(gcide) | Neutral \Neu"tral\, a. [L. neutralis, fr. neuter. See Neuter.]
1. Not engaged on either side; not taking part with or
assisting either of two or more contending parties;
neuter; indifferent.
[1913 Webster]
The heart can not possibly remain neutral, but
constantly takes part one way or the other.
--Shaftesbury.
[1913 Webster]
2. Neither good nor bad; of medium quality; middling; not
decided or pronounced.
[1913 Webster]
Some things good, and some things ill, do seem,
And neutral some, in her fantastic eye. --Sir J.
Davies.
[1913 Webster]
3. (Biol.) Neuter. See Neuter, a., 3.
[1913 Webster]
4. (Chem.) Having neither acid nor basic properties; unable
to turn red litmus blue or blue litmus red; -- said of
certain salts or other compounds. Contrasted with acid,
and alkaline.
[1913 Webster]
Neutral axis, Neutral surface (Mech.), that line or
plane, in a beam under transverse pressure, at which the
fibers are neither stretched nor compressed, or where the
longitudinal stress is zero. See Axis.
Neutral equilibrium (Mech.), the kind of equilibrium of a
body so placed that when moved slighty it neither tends to
return to its former position not depart more widely from
it, as a perfect sphere or cylinder on a horizontal plane.
Neutral salt (Chem.), a salt formed by the complete
replacement of the hydrogen in an acid or base; in the
former case by a positive or basic, in the latter by a
negative or acid, element or radical.
Neutral tint, a bluish gray pigment, used in water colors,
made by mixing indigo or other blue some warm color. the
shades vary greatly.
Neutral vowel, the vowel element having an obscure and
indefinite quality, such as is commonly taken by the vowel
in many unaccented syllables. It is regarded by some as
identical with the [u^] in up, and is called also the
natural vowel, as unformed by art and effort; it is also
called the indefinite vowel. It is symbolized in some
phonetic alphabets by the schwa ([schwa]). See Guide to
Pronunciation, [sect] 17.
[1913 Webster] |
natural vowel
(gcide) | Neutral \Neu"tral\, a. [L. neutralis, fr. neuter. See Neuter.]
1. Not engaged on either side; not taking part with or
assisting either of two or more contending parties;
neuter; indifferent.
[1913 Webster]
The heart can not possibly remain neutral, but
constantly takes part one way or the other.
--Shaftesbury.
[1913 Webster]
2. Neither good nor bad; of medium quality; middling; not
decided or pronounced.
[1913 Webster]
Some things good, and some things ill, do seem,
And neutral some, in her fantastic eye. --Sir J.
Davies.
[1913 Webster]
3. (Biol.) Neuter. See Neuter, a., 3.
[1913 Webster]
4. (Chem.) Having neither acid nor basic properties; unable
to turn red litmus blue or blue litmus red; -- said of
certain salts or other compounds. Contrasted with acid,
and alkaline.
[1913 Webster]
Neutral axis, Neutral surface (Mech.), that line or
plane, in a beam under transverse pressure, at which the
fibers are neither stretched nor compressed, or where the
longitudinal stress is zero. See Axis.
Neutral equilibrium (Mech.), the kind of equilibrium of a
body so placed that when moved slighty it neither tends to
return to its former position not depart more widely from
it, as a perfect sphere or cylinder on a horizontal plane.
Neutral salt (Chem.), a salt formed by the complete
replacement of the hydrogen in an acid or base; in the
former case by a positive or basic, in the latter by a
negative or acid, element or radical.
Neutral tint, a bluish gray pigment, used in water colors,
made by mixing indigo or other blue some warm color. the
shades vary greatly.
Neutral vowel, the vowel element having an obscure and
indefinite quality, such as is commonly taken by the vowel
in many unaccented syllables. It is regarded by some as
identical with the [u^] in up, and is called also the
natural vowel, as unformed by art and effort; it is also
called the indefinite vowel. It is symbolized in some
phonetic alphabets by the schwa ([schwa]). See Guide to
Pronunciation, [sect] 17.
[1913 Webster]Natural \Nat"u*ral\ (?; 135), a. [OE. naturel, F. naturel, fr.
L. naturalis, fr. natura. See Nature.]
1. Fixed or determined by nature; pertaining to the
constitution of a thing; belonging to native character;
according to nature; essential; characteristic; innate;
not artificial, foreign, assumed, put on, or acquired; as,
the natural growth of animals or plants; the natural
motion of a gravitating body; natural strength or
disposition; the natural heat of the body; natural color.
[1913 Webster]
With strong natural sense, and rare force of will.
--Macaulay.
[1913 Webster]
2. Conformed to the order, laws, or actual facts, of nature;
consonant to the methods of nature; according to the
stated course of things, or in accordance with the laws
which govern events, feelings, etc.; not exceptional or
violent; legitimate; normal; regular; as, the natural
consequence of crime; a natural death; anger is a natural
response to insult.
[1913 Webster]
What can be more natural than the circumstances in
the behavior of those women who had lost their
husbands on this fatal day? --Addison.
[1913 Webster]
3. Having to do with existing system to things; dealing with,
or derived from, the creation, or the world of matter and
mind, as known by man; within the scope of human reason or
experience; not supernatural; as, a natural law; natural
science; history, theology.
[1913 Webster]
I call that natural religion which men might know .
. . by the mere principles of reason, improved by
consideration and experience, without the help of
revelation. --Bp. Wilkins.
[1913 Webster]
4. Conformed to truth or reality; as:
(a) Springing from true sentiment; not artificial or
exaggerated; -- said of action, delivery, etc.; as, a
natural gesture, tone, etc.
(b) Resembling the object imitated; true to nature;
according to the life; -- said of anything copied or
imitated; as, a portrait is natural.
[1913 Webster]
5. Having the character or sentiments properly belonging to
one's position; not unnatural in feelings.
[1913 Webster]
To leave his wife, to leave his babes, . . .
He wants the natural touch. --Shak.
[1913 Webster]
6. Connected by the ties of consanguinity. especially,
Related by birth rather than by adoption; as, one's
natural mother. "Natural friends." --J. H. Newman.
[1913 Webster +PJC]
7. Hence: Begotten without the sanction of law; born out of
wedlock; illegitimate; bastard; as, a natural child.
[1913 Webster]
8. Of or pertaining to the lower or animal nature, as
contrasted with the higher or moral powers, or that which
is spiritual; being in a state of nature; unregenerate.
[1913 Webster]
The natural man receiveth not the things of the
Spirit of God. --1 Cor. ii.
14.
[1913 Webster]
9. (Math.) Belonging to, to be taken in, or referred to, some
system, in which the base is 1; -- said of certain
functions or numbers; as, natural numbers, those
commencing at 1; natural sines, cosines, etc., those taken
in arcs whose radii are 1.
[1913 Webster]
10. (Mus.)
(a) Produced by natural organs, as those of the human
throat, in distinction from instrumental music.
(b) Of or pertaining to a key which has neither a flat
nor a sharp for its signature, as the key of C major.
(c) Applied to an air or modulation of harmony which
moves by easy and smooth transitions, digressing but
little from the original key.
(d) Neither flat nor sharp; -- of a tone.
(e) Changed to the pitch which is neither flat nor sharp,
by appending the sign [natural]; as, A natural.
--Moore (Encyc. of Music).
[1913 Webster +PJC]
11. Existing in nature or created by the forces of nature, in
contrast to production by man; not made, manufactured, or
processed by humans; as, a natural ruby; a natural
bridge; natural fibers; a deposit of natural calcium
sulfate. Opposed to artificial, man-made,
manufactured, processed and synthetic. [WordNet
sense 2]
[PJC]
12. Hence: Not processed or refined; in the same statre as
that existing in nature; as, natural wood; natural foods.
[PJC]
Natural day, the space of twenty-four hours. --Chaucer.
[1913 Webster]
Natural fats, Natural gas, etc. See under Fat, Gas.
etc.
Natural Harmony (Mus.), the harmony of the triad or common
chord.
Natural history, in its broadest sense, a history or
description of nature as a whole, including the sciences
of botany, Zoology, geology, mineralogy,
paleontology, chemistry, and physics. In recent
usage the term is often restricted to the sciences of
botany and Zoology collectively, and sometimes to the
science of zoology alone.
Natural law, that instinctive sense of justice and of right
and wrong, which is native in mankind, as distinguished
from specifically revealed divine law, and formulated
human law.
Natural modulation (Mus.), transition from one key to its
relative keys.
Natural order. (Nat. Hist.) See under order.
Natural person. (Law) See under person, n.
Natural philosophy, originally, the study of nature in
general; the natural sciences; in modern usage, that
branch of physical science, commonly called physics,
which treats of the phenomena and laws of matter and
considers those effects only which are unaccompanied by
any change of a chemical nature; -- contrasted with
mental philosophy and moral philosophy.
Natural scale (Mus.), a scale which is written without
flats or sharps.
Note: Model would be a preferable term, as less likely to
mislead, the so-called artificial scales (scales
represented by the use of flats and sharps) being
equally natural with the so-called natural scale.
Natural science, the study of objects and phenomena
existing in nature, especially biology, chemistry, physics
and their interdisciplinary related sciences; {natural
history}, in its broadest sense; -- used especially in
contradistinction to social science, mathematics,
philosophy, mental science or moral science.
Natural selection (Biol.), the operation of natural laws
analogous, in their operation and results, to designed
selection in breeding plants and animals, and resulting in
the survival of the fittest; the elimination over time of
species unable to compete in specific environments with
other species more adapted to survival; -- the essential
mechanism of evolution. The principle of natural selection
is neutral with respect to the mechanism by which
inheritable changes occur in organisms (most commonly
thought to be due to mutation of genes and reorganization
of genomes), but proposes that those forms which have
become so modified as to be better adapted to the existing
environment have tended to survive and leave similarly
adapted descendants, while those less perfectly adapted
have tended to die out through lack of fitness for the
environment, thus resulting in the survival of the
fittest. See Darwinism.
Natural system (Bot. & Zool.), a classification based upon
real affinities, as shown in the structure of all parts of
the organisms, and by their embryology.
It should be borne in mind that the natural system
of botany is natural only in the constitution of its
genera, tribes, orders, etc., and in its grand
divisions. --Gray.
Natural theology, or Natural religion, that part of
theological science which treats of those evidences of the
existence and attributes of the Supreme Being which are
exhibited in nature; -- distinguished from {revealed
religion}. See Quotation under Natural, a., 3.
Natural vowel, the vowel sound heard in urn, furl, sir,
her, etc.; -- so called as being uttered in the easiest
open position of the mouth organs. See Neutral vowel,
under Neutral and Guide to Pronunciation, [sect] 17.
[1913 Webster +PJC]
Syn: See Native.
[1913 Webster] |
Natural vowel
(gcide) | Neutral \Neu"tral\, a. [L. neutralis, fr. neuter. See Neuter.]
1. Not engaged on either side; not taking part with or
assisting either of two or more contending parties;
neuter; indifferent.
[1913 Webster]
The heart can not possibly remain neutral, but
constantly takes part one way or the other.
--Shaftesbury.
[1913 Webster]
2. Neither good nor bad; of medium quality; middling; not
decided or pronounced.
[1913 Webster]
Some things good, and some things ill, do seem,
And neutral some, in her fantastic eye. --Sir J.
Davies.
[1913 Webster]
3. (Biol.) Neuter. See Neuter, a., 3.
[1913 Webster]
4. (Chem.) Having neither acid nor basic properties; unable
to turn red litmus blue or blue litmus red; -- said of
certain salts or other compounds. Contrasted with acid,
and alkaline.
[1913 Webster]
Neutral axis, Neutral surface (Mech.), that line or
plane, in a beam under transverse pressure, at which the
fibers are neither stretched nor compressed, or where the
longitudinal stress is zero. See Axis.
Neutral equilibrium (Mech.), the kind of equilibrium of a
body so placed that when moved slighty it neither tends to
return to its former position not depart more widely from
it, as a perfect sphere or cylinder on a horizontal plane.
Neutral salt (Chem.), a salt formed by the complete
replacement of the hydrogen in an acid or base; in the
former case by a positive or basic, in the latter by a
negative or acid, element or radical.
Neutral tint, a bluish gray pigment, used in water colors,
made by mixing indigo or other blue some warm color. the
shades vary greatly.
Neutral vowel, the vowel element having an obscure and
indefinite quality, such as is commonly taken by the vowel
in many unaccented syllables. It is regarded by some as
identical with the [u^] in up, and is called also the
natural vowel, as unformed by art and effort; it is also
called the indefinite vowel. It is symbolized in some
phonetic alphabets by the schwa ([schwa]). See Guide to
Pronunciation, [sect] 17.
[1913 Webster]Natural \Nat"u*ral\ (?; 135), a. [OE. naturel, F. naturel, fr.
L. naturalis, fr. natura. See Nature.]
1. Fixed or determined by nature; pertaining to the
constitution of a thing; belonging to native character;
according to nature; essential; characteristic; innate;
not artificial, foreign, assumed, put on, or acquired; as,
the natural growth of animals or plants; the natural
motion of a gravitating body; natural strength or
disposition; the natural heat of the body; natural color.
[1913 Webster]
With strong natural sense, and rare force of will.
--Macaulay.
[1913 Webster]
2. Conformed to the order, laws, or actual facts, of nature;
consonant to the methods of nature; according to the
stated course of things, or in accordance with the laws
which govern events, feelings, etc.; not exceptional or
violent; legitimate; normal; regular; as, the natural
consequence of crime; a natural death; anger is a natural
response to insult.
[1913 Webster]
What can be more natural than the circumstances in
the behavior of those women who had lost their
husbands on this fatal day? --Addison.
[1913 Webster]
3. Having to do with existing system to things; dealing with,
or derived from, the creation, or the world of matter and
mind, as known by man; within the scope of human reason or
experience; not supernatural; as, a natural law; natural
science; history, theology.
[1913 Webster]
I call that natural religion which men might know .
. . by the mere principles of reason, improved by
consideration and experience, without the help of
revelation. --Bp. Wilkins.
[1913 Webster]
4. Conformed to truth or reality; as:
(a) Springing from true sentiment; not artificial or
exaggerated; -- said of action, delivery, etc.; as, a
natural gesture, tone, etc.
(b) Resembling the object imitated; true to nature;
according to the life; -- said of anything copied or
imitated; as, a portrait is natural.
[1913 Webster]
5. Having the character or sentiments properly belonging to
one's position; not unnatural in feelings.
[1913 Webster]
To leave his wife, to leave his babes, . . .
He wants the natural touch. --Shak.
[1913 Webster]
6. Connected by the ties of consanguinity. especially,
Related by birth rather than by adoption; as, one's
natural mother. "Natural friends." --J. H. Newman.
[1913 Webster +PJC]
7. Hence: Begotten without the sanction of law; born out of
wedlock; illegitimate; bastard; as, a natural child.
[1913 Webster]
8. Of or pertaining to the lower or animal nature, as
contrasted with the higher or moral powers, or that which
is spiritual; being in a state of nature; unregenerate.
[1913 Webster]
The natural man receiveth not the things of the
Spirit of God. --1 Cor. ii.
14.
[1913 Webster]
9. (Math.) Belonging to, to be taken in, or referred to, some
system, in which the base is 1; -- said of certain
functions or numbers; as, natural numbers, those
commencing at 1; natural sines, cosines, etc., those taken
in arcs whose radii are 1.
[1913 Webster]
10. (Mus.)
(a) Produced by natural organs, as those of the human
throat, in distinction from instrumental music.
(b) Of or pertaining to a key which has neither a flat
nor a sharp for its signature, as the key of C major.
(c) Applied to an air or modulation of harmony which
moves by easy and smooth transitions, digressing but
little from the original key.
(d) Neither flat nor sharp; -- of a tone.
(e) Changed to the pitch which is neither flat nor sharp,
by appending the sign [natural]; as, A natural.
--Moore (Encyc. of Music).
[1913 Webster +PJC]
11. Existing in nature or created by the forces of nature, in
contrast to production by man; not made, manufactured, or
processed by humans; as, a natural ruby; a natural
bridge; natural fibers; a deposit of natural calcium
sulfate. Opposed to artificial, man-made,
manufactured, processed and synthetic. [WordNet
sense 2]
[PJC]
12. Hence: Not processed or refined; in the same statre as
that existing in nature; as, natural wood; natural foods.
[PJC]
Natural day, the space of twenty-four hours. --Chaucer.
[1913 Webster]
Natural fats, Natural gas, etc. See under Fat, Gas.
etc.
Natural Harmony (Mus.), the harmony of the triad or common
chord.
Natural history, in its broadest sense, a history or
description of nature as a whole, including the sciences
of botany, Zoology, geology, mineralogy,
paleontology, chemistry, and physics. In recent
usage the term is often restricted to the sciences of
botany and Zoology collectively, and sometimes to the
science of zoology alone.
Natural law, that instinctive sense of justice and of right
and wrong, which is native in mankind, as distinguished
from specifically revealed divine law, and formulated
human law.
Natural modulation (Mus.), transition from one key to its
relative keys.
Natural order. (Nat. Hist.) See under order.
Natural person. (Law) See under person, n.
Natural philosophy, originally, the study of nature in
general; the natural sciences; in modern usage, that
branch of physical science, commonly called physics,
which treats of the phenomena and laws of matter and
considers those effects only which are unaccompanied by
any change of a chemical nature; -- contrasted with
mental philosophy and moral philosophy.
Natural scale (Mus.), a scale which is written without
flats or sharps.
Note: Model would be a preferable term, as less likely to
mislead, the so-called artificial scales (scales
represented by the use of flats and sharps) being
equally natural with the so-called natural scale.
Natural science, the study of objects and phenomena
existing in nature, especially biology, chemistry, physics
and their interdisciplinary related sciences; {natural
history}, in its broadest sense; -- used especially in
contradistinction to social science, mathematics,
philosophy, mental science or moral science.
Natural selection (Biol.), the operation of natural laws
analogous, in their operation and results, to designed
selection in breeding plants and animals, and resulting in
the survival of the fittest; the elimination over time of
species unable to compete in specific environments with
other species more adapted to survival; -- the essential
mechanism of evolution. The principle of natural selection
is neutral with respect to the mechanism by which
inheritable changes occur in organisms (most commonly
thought to be due to mutation of genes and reorganization
of genomes), but proposes that those forms which have
become so modified as to be better adapted to the existing
environment have tended to survive and leave similarly
adapted descendants, while those less perfectly adapted
have tended to die out through lack of fitness for the
environment, thus resulting in the survival of the
fittest. See Darwinism.
Natural system (Bot. & Zool.), a classification based upon
real affinities, as shown in the structure of all parts of
the organisms, and by their embryology.
It should be borne in mind that the natural system
of botany is natural only in the constitution of its
genera, tribes, orders, etc., and in its grand
divisions. --Gray.
Natural theology, or Natural religion, that part of
theological science which treats of those evidences of the
existence and attributes of the Supreme Being which are
exhibited in nature; -- distinguished from {revealed
religion}. See Quotation under Natural, a., 3.
Natural vowel, the vowel sound heard in urn, furl, sir,
her, etc.; -- so called as being uttered in the easiest
open position of the mouth organs. See Neutral vowel,
under Neutral and Guide to Pronunciation, [sect] 17.
[1913 Webster +PJC]
Syn: See Native.
[1913 Webster] |
Neutral vowel
(gcide) | Neutral \Neu"tral\, a. [L. neutralis, fr. neuter. See Neuter.]
1. Not engaged on either side; not taking part with or
assisting either of two or more contending parties;
neuter; indifferent.
[1913 Webster]
The heart can not possibly remain neutral, but
constantly takes part one way or the other.
--Shaftesbury.
[1913 Webster]
2. Neither good nor bad; of medium quality; middling; not
decided or pronounced.
[1913 Webster]
Some things good, and some things ill, do seem,
And neutral some, in her fantastic eye. --Sir J.
Davies.
[1913 Webster]
3. (Biol.) Neuter. See Neuter, a., 3.
[1913 Webster]
4. (Chem.) Having neither acid nor basic properties; unable
to turn red litmus blue or blue litmus red; -- said of
certain salts or other compounds. Contrasted with acid,
and alkaline.
[1913 Webster]
Neutral axis, Neutral surface (Mech.), that line or
plane, in a beam under transverse pressure, at which the
fibers are neither stretched nor compressed, or where the
longitudinal stress is zero. See Axis.
Neutral equilibrium (Mech.), the kind of equilibrium of a
body so placed that when moved slighty it neither tends to
return to its former position not depart more widely from
it, as a perfect sphere or cylinder on a horizontal plane.
Neutral salt (Chem.), a salt formed by the complete
replacement of the hydrogen in an acid or base; in the
former case by a positive or basic, in the latter by a
negative or acid, element or radical.
Neutral tint, a bluish gray pigment, used in water colors,
made by mixing indigo or other blue some warm color. the
shades vary greatly.
Neutral vowel, the vowel element having an obscure and
indefinite quality, such as is commonly taken by the vowel
in many unaccented syllables. It is regarded by some as
identical with the [u^] in up, and is called also the
natural vowel, as unformed by art and effort; it is also
called the indefinite vowel. It is symbolized in some
phonetic alphabets by the schwa ([schwa]). See Guide to
Pronunciation, [sect] 17.
[1913 Webster] |
Open vowel
(gcide) | Open \O"pen\, a. [AS. open; akin to D. open, OS. opan, G. offan,
Icel. opinn, Sw. ["o]ppen, Dan. aaben, and perh. to E. up.
Cf. Up, and Ope.]
1. Free of access; not shut up; not closed; affording
unobstructed ingress or egress; not impeding or preventing
passage; not locked up or covered over; -- applied to
passageways; as, an open door, window, road, etc.; also,
to inclosed structures or objects; as, open houses, boxes,
baskets, bottles, etc.; also, to means of communication or
approach by water or land; as, an open harbor or
roadstead.
[1913 Webster]
Through the gate,
Wide open and unguarded, Satan passed. --Milton
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Note: Also, figuratively, used of the ways of communication
of the mind, as by the senses; ready to hear, see,
etc.; as, to keep one's eyes and ears open.
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His ears are open unto their cry. --Ps. xxxiv.
15.
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2. Free to be used, enjoyed, visited, or the like; not
private; public; unrestricted in use; as, an open library,
museum, court, or other assembly; liable to the approach,
trespass, or attack of any one; unprotected; exposed.
[1913 Webster]
If Demetrius . . . have a matter against any man,
the law is open and there are deputies. --Acts xix.
33.
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The service that I truly did his life,
Hath left me open to all injuries. --Shak.
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3. Free or cleared of obstruction to progress or to view;
accessible; as, an open tract; the open sea.
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4. Not drawn together, closed, or contracted; extended;
expanded; as, an open hand; open arms; an open flower; an
open prospect.
[1913 Webster]
Each, with open arms, embraced her chosen knight.
--Dryden.
[1913 Webster]
5. Hence:
(a) Without reserve or false pretense; sincere;
characterized by sincerity; unfeigned; frank; also,
generous; liberal; bounteous; -- applied to personal
appearance, or character, and to the expression of
thought and feeling, etc.
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With aspect open, shall erect his head. --Pope.
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The Moor is of a free and open nature. --Shak.
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The French are always open, familiar, and
talkative. --Addison.
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(b) Not concealed or secret; not hidden or disguised;
exposed to view or to knowledge; revealed; apparent;
as, open schemes or plans; open shame or guilt; open
source code.
[1913 Webster +PJC]
His thefts are too open. --Shak.
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That I may find him, and with secret gaze
Or open admiration him behold. --Milton.
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6. Not of a quality to prevent communication, as by closing
water ways, blocking roads, etc.; hence, not frosty or
inclement; mild; -- used of the weather or the climate;
as, an open season; an open winter. --Bacon.
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7. Not settled or adjusted; not decided or determined; not
closed or withdrawn from consideration; as, an open
account; an open question; to keep an offer or opportunity
open.
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8. Free; disengaged; unappropriated; as, to keep a day open
for any purpose; to be open for an engagement.
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9. (Phon.)
(a) Uttered with a relatively wide opening of the
articulating organs; -- said of vowels; as, the [aum]n
f[aum]r is open as compared with the [=a] in s[=a]y.
(b) Uttered, as a consonant, with the oral passage simply
narrowed without closure, as in uttering s.
[1913 Webster]
10. (Mus.)
(a) Not closed or stopped with the finger; -- said of the
string of an instrument, as of a violin, when it is
allowed to vibrate throughout its whole length.
(b) Produced by an open string; as, an open tone.
[1913 Webster]
The open air, the air out of doors.
Open chain. (Chem.) See Closed chain, under Chain.
Open circuit (Elec.), a conducting circuit which is
incomplete, or interrupted at some point; -- opposed to an
uninterrupted, or closed circuit.
Open communion, communion in the Lord's supper not
restricted to persons who have been baptized by immersion.
Cf. Close communion, under Close, a.
Open diapason (Mus.), a certain stop in an organ, in which
the pipes or tubes are formed like the mouthpiece of a
flageolet at the end where the wind enters, and are open
at the other end.
Open flank (Fort.), the part of the flank covered by the
orillon.
Open-front furnace (Metal.), a blast furnace having a
forehearth.
Open harmony (Mus.), harmony the tones of which are widely
dispersed, or separated by wide intervals.
Open hawse (Naut.), a hawse in which the cables are
parallel or slightly divergent. Cf. Foul hawse, under
Hawse.
Open hearth (Metal.), the shallow hearth of a reverberatory
furnace.
Open-hearth furnace, a reverberatory furnace; esp., a kind
of reverberatory furnace in which the fuel is gas, used in
manufacturing steel.
Open-hearth process (Steel Manuf.), a process by which
melted cast iron is converted into steel by the addition
of wrought iron, or iron ore and manganese, and by
exposure to heat in an open-hearth furnace; -- also called
the Siemens-Martin process, from the inventors.
Open-hearth steel, steel made by an open-hearth process; --
also called Siemens-Martin steel.
Open newel. (Arch.) See Hollow newel, under Hollow.
Open pipe (Mus.), a pipe open at the top. It has a pitch
about an octave higher than a closed pipe of the same
length.
Open-timber roof (Arch.), a roof of which the
constructional parts, together with the under side of the
covering, or its lining, are treated ornamentally, and
left to form the ceiling of an apartment below, as in a
church, a public hall, and the like.
Open vowel or Open consonant. See Open, a., 9.
[1913 Webster]
Note: Open is used in many compounds, most of which are
self-explaining; as, open-breasted, open-minded.
[1913 Webster]
Syn: Unclosed; uncovered; unprotected; exposed; plain;
apparent; obvious; evident; public; unreserved; frank;
sincere; undissembling; artless. See Candid, and
Ingenuous.
[1913 Webster] |
Semivowel
(gcide) | Semivowel \Sem"i*vow`el\, n. (Phon.)
(a) A sound intermediate between a vowel and a consonant, or
partaking of the nature of both, as in the English w and
y.
(b) The sign or letter representing such a sound.
[1913 Webster] |
Unvoweled
(gcide) | Unvoweled \Un*vow"eled\, a.
Having no vowel sounds or signs. [Written also unvowelled.]
--Skinner.
[1913 Webster] |
unvowelled
(gcide) | Unvoweled \Un*vow"eled\, a.
Having no vowel sounds or signs. [Written also unvowelled.]
--Skinner.
[1913 Webster] |
Vowel point
(gcide) | Point \Point\, n. [F. point, and probably also pointe, L.
punctum, puncta, fr. pungere, punctum, to prick. See
Pungent, and cf. Puncto, Puncture.]
1. That which pricks or pierces; the sharp end of anything,
esp. the sharp end of a piercing instrument, as a needle
or a pin.
[1913 Webster]
2. An instrument which pricks or pierces, as a sort of needle
used by engravers, etchers, lace workers, and others;
also, a pointed cutting tool, as a stone cutter's point;
-- called also pointer.
[1913 Webster]
3. Anything which tapers to a sharp, well-defined
termination. Specifically: A small promontory or cape; a
tract of land extending into the water beyond the common
shore line.
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4. The mark made by the end of a sharp, piercing instrument,
as a needle; a prick.
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5. An indefinitely small space; a mere spot indicated or
supposed. Specifically: (Geom.) That which has neither
parts nor magnitude; that which has position, but has
neither length, breadth, nor thickness, -- sometimes
conceived of as the limit of a line; that by the motion of
which a line is conceived to be produced.
[1913 Webster]
6. An indivisible portion of time; a moment; an instant;
hence, the verge.
[1913 Webster]
When time's first point begun
Made he all souls. --Sir J.
Davies.
[1913 Webster]
7. A mark of punctuation; a character used to mark the
divisions of a composition, or the pauses to be observed
in reading, or to point off groups of figures, etc.; a
stop, as a comma, a semicolon, and esp. a period; hence,
figuratively, an end, or conclusion.
[1913 Webster]
And there a point, for ended is my tale. --Chaucer.
[1913 Webster]
Commas and points they set exactly right. --Pope.
[1913 Webster]
8. Whatever serves to mark progress, rank, or relative
position, or to indicate a transition from one state or
position to another, degree; step; stage; hence, position
or condition attained; as, a point of elevation, or of
depression; the stock fell off five points; he won by
tenpoints. "A point of precedence." --Selden. "Creeping on
from point to point." --Tennyson.
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A lord full fat and in good point. --Chaucer.
[1913 Webster]
9. That which arrests attention, or indicates qualities or
character; a salient feature; a characteristic; a
peculiarity; hence, a particular; an item; a detail; as,
the good or bad points of a man, a horse, a book, a story,
etc.
[1913 Webster]
He told him, point for point, in short and plain.
--Chaucer.
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In point of religion and in point of honor. --Bacon.
[1913 Webster]
Shalt thou dispute
With Him the points of liberty ? --Milton.
[1913 Webster]
10. Hence, the most prominent or important feature, as of an
argument, discourse, etc.; the essential matter; esp.,
the proposition to be established; as, the point of an
anecdote. "Here lies the point." --Shak.
[1913 Webster]
They will hardly prove his point. --Arbuthnot.
[1913 Webster]
11. A small matter; a trifle; a least consideration; a
punctilio.
[1913 Webster]
This fellow doth not stand upon points. --Shak.
[1913 Webster]
[He] cared not for God or man a point. --Spenser.
[1913 Webster]
12. (Mus.) A dot or mark used to designate certain tones or
time; as:
(a) (Anc. Mus.) A dot or mark distinguishing or
characterizing certain tones or styles; as, points of
perfection, of augmentation, etc.; hence, a note; a
tune. "Sound the trumpet -- not a levant, or a
flourish, but a point of war." --Sir W. Scott.
(b) (Mod. Mus.) A dot placed at the right hand of a note,
to raise its value, or prolong its time, by one half,
as to make a whole note equal to three half notes, a
half note equal to three quarter notes.
[1913 Webster]
13. (Astron.) A fixed conventional place for reference, or
zero of reckoning, in the heavens, usually the
intersection of two or more great circles of the sphere,
and named specifically in each case according to the
position intended; as, the equinoctial points; the
solstitial points; the nodal points; vertical points,
etc. See Equinoctial Nodal.
[1913 Webster]
14. (Her.) One of the several different parts of the
escutcheon. See Escutcheon.
[1913 Webster]
15. (Naut.)
(a) One of the points of the compass (see {Points of the
compass}, below); also, the difference between two
points of the compass; as, to fall off a point.
(b) A short piece of cordage used in reefing sails. See
Reef point, under Reef.
[1913 Webster]
16. (Anc. Costume) A a string or lace used to tie together
certain parts of the dress. --Sir W. Scott.
[1913 Webster]
17. Lace wrought the needle; as, point de Venise; Brussels
point. See Point lace, below.
[1913 Webster]
18. pl. (Railways) A switch. [Eng.]
[1913 Webster]
19. An item of private information; a hint; a tip; a pointer.
[Cant, U. S.]
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20. (Cricket) A fielder who is stationed on the off side,
about twelve or fifteen yards from, and a little in
advance of, the batsman.
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21. The attitude assumed by a pointer dog when he finds game;
as, the dog came to a point. See Pointer.
[1913 Webster]
22. (Type Making) A standard unit of measure for the size of
type bodies, being one twelfth of the thickness of pica
type. See Point system of type, under Type.
[1913 Webster]
23. A tyne or snag of an antler.
[1913 Webster]
24. One of the spaces on a backgammon board.
[1913 Webster]
25. (Fencing) A movement executed with the saber or foil; as,
tierce point.
[1913 Webster]
26. (Med.) A pointed piece of quill or bone covered at one
end with vaccine matter; -- called also vaccine point.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.]
27. One of the raised dots used in certain systems of
printing and writing for the blind. The first practical
system was that devised by Louis Braille in 1829, and
still used in Europe (see Braille). Two modifications
of this are current in the United States:
New York point founded on three bases of equidistant points
arranged in two lines (viz., : :: :::), and a later
improvement,
American Braille, embodying the Braille base (:::) and the
New-York-point principle of using the characters of few
points for the commonest letters.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.]
28. In technical senses:
(a) In various games, a position of a certain player, or,
by extension, the player himself; as: (1) (Lacrosse &
Ice Hockey) The position of the player of each side
who stands a short distance in front of the goal
keeper; also, the player himself. (2) (Baseball)
(pl.) The position of the pitcher and catcher.
(b) (Hunting) A spot to which a straight run is made;
hence, a straight run from point to point; a
cross-country run. [Colloq. Oxf. E. D.]
(c) (Falconry) The perpendicular rising of a hawk over
the place where its prey has gone into cover.
(d) Act of pointing, as of the foot downward in certain
dance positions.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Note: The word point is a general term, much used in the
sciences, particularly in mathematics, mechanics,
perspective, and physics, but generally either in the
geometrical sense, or in that of degree, or condition
of change, and with some accompanying descriptive or
qualifying term, under which, in the vocabulary, the
specific uses are explained; as, boiling point, carbon
point, dry point, freezing point, melting point,
vanishing point, etc.
[1913 Webster]
At all points, in every particular, completely; perfectly.
--Shak.
At point, In point, At the point, In the point, or
On the point, as near as can be; on the verge; about (see
About, prep., 6); as, at the point of death; he was on
the point of speaking. "In point to fall down." --Chaucer.
"Caius Sidius Geta, at point to have been taken, recovered
himself so valiantly as brought day on his side."
--Milton.
Dead point. (Mach.) Same as Dead center, under Dead.
Far point (Med.), in ophthalmology, the farthest point at
which objects are seen distinctly. In normal eyes the
nearest point at which objects are seen distinctly; either
with the two eyes together (binocular near point), or with
each eye separately (monocular near point).
Nine points of the law, all but the tenth point; the
greater weight of authority.
On the point. See At point, above.
Point lace, lace wrought with the needle, as distinguished
from that made on the pillow.
Point net, a machine-made lace imitating a kind of Brussels
lace (Brussels ground).
Point of concurrence (Geom.), a point common to two lines,
but not a point of tangency or of intersection, as, for
instance, that in which a cycloid meets its base.
Point of contrary flexure, a point at which a curve changes
its direction of curvature, or at which its convexity and
concavity change sides.
Point of order, in parliamentary practice, a question of
order or propriety under the rules.
Point of sight (Persp.), in a perspective drawing, the
point assumed as that occupied by the eye of the
spectator.
Point of view, the relative position from which anything is
seen or any subject is considered.
Points of the compass (Naut.), the thirty-two points of
division of the compass card in the mariner's compass; the
corresponding points by which the circle of the horizon is
supposed to be divided, of which the four marking the
directions of east, west, north, and south, are called
cardinal points, and the rest are named from their
respective directions, as N. by E., N. N. E., N. E. by N.,
N. E., etc. See Illust. under Compass.
Point paper, paper pricked through so as to form a stencil
for transferring a design.
Point system of type. See under Type.
Singular point (Geom.), a point of a curve which possesses
some property not possessed by points in general on the
curve, as a cusp, a point of inflection, a node, etc.
To carry one's point, to accomplish one's object, as in a
controversy.
To make a point of, to attach special importance to.
To make a point, or To gain a point, accomplish that
which was proposed; also, to make advance by a step,
grade, or position.
To mark a point, or To score a point, as in billiards,
cricket, etc., to note down, or to make, a successful hit,
run, etc.
To strain a point, to go beyond the proper limit or rule;
to stretch one's authority or conscience.
Vowel point, in Arabic, Hebrew, and certain other Eastern
and ancient languages, a mark placed above or below the
consonant, or attached to it, representing the vowel, or
vocal sound, which precedes or follows the consonant.
[1913 Webster]Vowel \Vow"el\, n. [F. voyelle, or an OF. form without y, L.
vocalis (sc. littera), from vocalis sounding, from vox,
vocis, a voice, sound. See Vocal.] (Phon.)
A vocal, or sometimes a whispered, sound modified by
resonance in the oral passage, the peculiar resonance in each
case giving to each several vowel its distinctive character
or quality as a sound of speech; -- distinguished from a
consonant in that the latter, whether made with or without
vocality, derives its character in every case from some kind
of obstructive action by the mouth organs. Also, a letter or
character which represents such a sound. See Guide to
Pronunciation, [sect][sect] 5, 146-149.
[1913 Webster]
Note: In the English language, the written vowels are a, e,
i, o, u, and sometimes w and y. The spoken vowels are
much more numerous.
[1913 Webster]
Close vowel. See under Close, a.
Vowel point. See under Point, n.
[1913 Webster] |
Voweled
(gcide) | Voweled \Vow"eled\, a.
Furnished with vowels. [Written also vowelled.] --Dryden.
[1913 Webster] |
Vowelish
(gcide) | Vowelish \Vow"el*ish\, a.
Of the nature of a vowel. [R.] "The power [of w] is always
vowelish." --B. Jonson.
[1913 Webster] |
Vowelism
(gcide) | Vowelism \Vow"el*ism\, n.
The use of vowels. [R.]
[1913 Webster] |
Vowelize
(gcide) | Vowelize \Vow"el*ize\, v. t.
To give the quality, sound, or office of a vowel to.
[1913 Webster] |
vowelled
(gcide) | Voweled \Vow"eled\, a.
Furnished with vowels. [Written also vowelled.] --Dryden.
[1913 Webster] |
murmur vowel
(wn) | murmur vowel
n 1: a schwa that is incidental to the pronunciation of a
consonant [syn: murmur vowel, murmur] |
semivowel
(wn) | semivowel
n 1: a vowellike sound that serves as a consonant [syn:
semivowel, glide] |
stem vowel
(wn) | stem vowel
n 1: a vowel that ends a stem and precedes an inflection [syn:
stem vowel, thematic vowel] |
thematic vowel
(wn) | thematic vowel
n 1: a vowel that ends a stem and precedes an inflection [syn:
stem vowel, thematic vowel] |
vowel
(wn) | vowel
n 1: a speech sound made with the vocal tract open [syn:
vowel, vowel sound] [ant: consonant]
2: a letter of the alphabet standing for a spoken vowel |
vowel point
(wn) | vowel point
n 1: a mark placed below or near a consonant (as in Hebrew or
Arabic) to indicate the spoken vowel |
vowel rhyme
(wn) | vowel rhyme
n 1: the repetition of similar vowels in the stressed syllables
of successive words [syn: assonance, vowel rhyme] |
vowel sound
(wn) | vowel sound
n 1: a speech sound made with the vocal tract open [syn:
vowel, vowel sound] [ant: consonant] |
vowel system
(wn) | vowel system
n 1: the system of vowels used in a particular language [syn:
vowel system, vocalism] |
vowelise
(wn) | vowelise
v 1: pronounce as a vowel; "between two consonants, this liquid
is vowelized" [syn: vocalize, vocalise, vowelize,
vowelise] |
vowelize
(wn) | vowelize
v 1: pronounce as a vowel; "between two consonants, this liquid
is vowelized" [syn: vocalize, vocalise, vowelize,
vowelise] |
vowellike
(wn) | vowellike
adj 1: having characteristics of a vowel sound; "the vowellike
nature of `r'" |
disemvowel
(jargon) | disemvowel
v.
[USENET: play on ‘disembowel’] Less common synonym for splat out.
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