| slovo | definícia |
abstraction
(encz) | abstraction,abstrakce n: |
Abstraction
(gcide) | Abstraction \Ab*strac"tion\, n. [Cf. F. abstraction. See
Abstract, a.]
1. The act of abstracting, separating, or withdrawing, or the
state of being withdrawn; withdrawal.
[1913 Webster]
A wrongful abstraction of wealth from certain
members of the community. --J. S. Mill.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Metaph.) The act process of leaving out of consideration
one or more properties of a complex object so as to attend
to others; analysis. Thus, when the mind considers the
form of a tree by itself, or the color of the leaves as
separate from their size or figure, the act is called
abstraction. So, also, when it considers whiteness,
softness, virtue, existence, as separate from any
particular objects.
[1913 Webster]
Note: Abstraction is necessary to classification, by which
things are arranged in genera and species. We separate
in idea the qualities of certain objects, which are of
the same kind, from others which are different, in
each, and arrange the objects having the same
properties in a class, or collected body.
[1913 Webster]
Abstraction is no positive act: it is simply the
negative of attention. --Sir W.
Hamilton.
[1913 Webster]
3. An idea or notion of an abstract, or theoretical nature;
as, to fight for mere abstractions.
[1913 Webster]
4. A separation from worldly objects; a recluse life; as, a
hermit's abstraction.
[1913 Webster]
5. Absence or absorption of mind; inattention to present
objects.
[1913 Webster]
6. The taking surreptitiously for one's own use part of the
property of another; purloining. [Modern]
[1913 Webster]
7. (Chem.) A separation of volatile parts by the act of
distillation. --Nicholson.
[1913 Webster] |
abstraction
(wn) | abstraction
n 1: a concept or idea not associated with any specific
instance; "he loved her only in the abstract--not in
person" [syn: abstraction, abstract]
2: the act of withdrawing or removing something
3: the process of formulating general concepts by abstracting
common properties of instances [syn: abstraction,
generalization, generalisation]
4: an abstract painting
5: preoccupation with something to the exclusion of all else
[syn: abstractedness, abstraction]
6: a general concept formed by extracting common features from
specific examples [syn: abstraction, abstract entity] |
abstraction
(foldoc) | abstraction
1. Generalisation; ignoring or hiding details to capture some
kind of commonality between different instances. Examples are
abstract data types (the representation details are hidden),
abstract syntax (the details of the concrete syntax are
ignored), abstract interpretation (details are ignored to
analyse specific properties).
2. Parameterisation, making something a function
of something else. Examples are lambda abstractions (making
a term into a function of some variable), {higher-order
functions} (parameters are functions), bracket abstraction
(making a term into a function of a variable).
Opposite of concretisation.
(1998-06-04)
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| | podobné slovo | definícia |
semiabstraction
(mass) | semi-abstraction
- polo abstraktný |
abstractions
(encz) | abstractions,abstrakce n: pl. Zdeněk Brož |
semi-abstraction
(encz) | semi-abstraction, n: |
abstract abstractionist nonfigurative nonobjective
(gcide) | nonrepresentational \nonrepresentational\ adj. (Art)
not intended to realistically represent a physical object; --
of visual art work. Opposite of representational. [Narrower
terms: {abstract, abstractionist, nonfigurative, nonobjective
; {conventional, formal, schematic ; {geometric, geometrical
; protogeometric ; {semiabstract ] Also See: {abstract.
Syn: nonobjective.
[WordNet 1.5] |
Abstraction
(gcide) | Abstraction \Ab*strac"tion\, n. [Cf. F. abstraction. See
Abstract, a.]
1. The act of abstracting, separating, or withdrawing, or the
state of being withdrawn; withdrawal.
[1913 Webster]
A wrongful abstraction of wealth from certain
members of the community. --J. S. Mill.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Metaph.) The act process of leaving out of consideration
one or more properties of a complex object so as to attend
to others; analysis. Thus, when the mind considers the
form of a tree by itself, or the color of the leaves as
separate from their size or figure, the act is called
abstraction. So, also, when it considers whiteness,
softness, virtue, existence, as separate from any
particular objects.
[1913 Webster]
Note: Abstraction is necessary to classification, by which
things are arranged in genera and species. We separate
in idea the qualities of certain objects, which are of
the same kind, from others which are different, in
each, and arrange the objects having the same
properties in a class, or collected body.
[1913 Webster]
Abstraction is no positive act: it is simply the
negative of attention. --Sir W.
Hamilton.
[1913 Webster]
3. An idea or notion of an abstract, or theoretical nature;
as, to fight for mere abstractions.
[1913 Webster]
4. A separation from worldly objects; a recluse life; as, a
hermit's abstraction.
[1913 Webster]
5. Absence or absorption of mind; inattention to present
objects.
[1913 Webster]
6. The taking surreptitiously for one's own use part of the
property of another; purloining. [Modern]
[1913 Webster]
7. (Chem.) A separation of volatile parts by the act of
distillation. --Nicholson.
[1913 Webster] |
Abstractional
(gcide) | Abstractional \Ab*strac"tion*al\, a.
Pertaining to abstraction.
[1913 Webster] |
Abstractionist
(gcide) | Abstractionist \Ab*strac"tion*ist\, n.
An idealist. --Emerson.
[1913 Webster] |
abstractionism
(wn) | abstractionism
n 1: an abstract genre of art; artistic content depends on
internal form rather than pictorial representation [syn:
abstractionism, abstract art]
2: a representation having no reference to concrete objects or
specific examples [syn: abstractionism, unrealism] |
abstractionist
(wn) | abstractionist
adj 1: not representing or imitating external reality or the
objects of nature; "a large abstract painting" [syn:
abstract, abstractionist, nonfigurative,
nonobjective]
n 1: a painter of abstract pictures [syn: abstractionist,
abstract artist] |
semi-abstraction
(wn) | semi-abstraction
n 1: a semiabstract painting |
beta abstraction
(foldoc) | beta abstraction
[lambda-calculus] The conversion of an expression to an
application of a lambda abstraction to an argument
expression. Some subterm of the original expression becomes
the argument of the abstraction and the rest becomes its
body. E.g.
4+1 --> (\ x . x+1) 4
The opposite of beta abstraction is beta reduction. These
are the two kinds of beta conversion.
|
bracket abstraction
(foldoc) | bracket abstraction
An algorithm which turns a term into a function
of some variable. The result of using bracket abstraction on
T with respect to variable v, written as [v]T, is a term
containing no occurrences of v and denoting a function f such
that f v = T. This defines the function f = (\ v . T). Using
bracket abstraction and currying we can define a language
without bound variables in which the only operation is
monadic function application.
See combinator.
(1995-03-07)
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captain abstraction
(foldoc) | Captain Abstraction
The champion of the principles of abstraction and
modularity, who protects unwary students on MIT's course
6.001 from the nefarious designs of Sergeant Spaghetticode
and his vile concrete programming practices.
See also spaghetti code.
(1994-11-22)
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data abstraction
(foldoc) | data abstraction
Any representation of data in which the implementation
details are hidden (abstracted). Abstract data types and
objects are the two primary forms of data abstraction.
[Other forms?].
(2003-07-03)
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eta abstraction
(foldoc) | eta conversion
eta abstraction
eta expansion
eta reduction
In lambda-calculus, the eta conversion rule states
\ x . f x f
provided x does not occur as a free variable in f and f is a
function. Left to right is eta reduction, right to left is
eta abstraction (or eta expansion).
This conversion is only valid if bottom and \ x . bottom are
equivalent in all contexts. They are certainly equivalent
when applied to some argument - they both fail to terminate.
If we are allowed to force the evaluation of an expression in
any other way, e.g. using seq in Miranda or returning a
function as the overall result of a program, then bottom and
\ x . bottom will not be equivalent.
See also observational equivalence, reduction.
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fortran matrix abstraction technique fortran
(foldoc) | Fortran Matrix Abstraction Technique Fortran
FORMAT-Fortran
(FORMAT-Fortran) A language for manipulation,
printing and plotting of large matrices.
["FORMAT-FORTRAN Matrix Abstraction Technique (Vol. V)"
AFFDL-TR-66-207, Douglas Aircraft Co. Oct 1968].
(1996-09-29)
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hardware abstraction layer
(foldoc) | Hardware Abstraction Layer
(HAL) The layer of Microsoft Windows NT
where they have isolated their assembly language code.
(1995-04-17)
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lambda abstraction
(foldoc) | lambda abstraction
A term in lambda-calculus denoting a function. A lambda
abstraction begins with a lower-case lambda (represented as
"\" in this document), followed by a variable name (the "bound
variable"), a full stop and a lambda expression (the body).
The body is taken to extend as far to the right as possible
so, for example an expression,
\ x . \ y . x+y
is read as
\ x . (\ y . x+y).
A nested abstraction such as this is often abbreviated to:
\ x y . x + y
The lambda expression (\ v . E) denotes a function which takes
an argument and returns the term E with all free occurrences
of v replaced by the actual argument. Application is
represented by juxtaposition so
(\ x . x) 42
represents the identity function applied to the constant 42.
A lambda abstraction in Lisp is written as the symbol
lambda, a list of zero or more variable names and a list of
zero or more terms, e.g.
(lambda (x y) (plus x y))
Lambda expressions in Haskell are written as a backslash,
"\", one or more patterns (e.g. variable names), "->" and an
expression, e.g. \ x -> x.
(1995-01-24)
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language for the on-line investigation and transformation of abstractions
(foldoc) | Language for the On-Line Investigation and Transformation of
Abstractions
LOLITA
(LOLITA) An extension of the Culler-Fried System
for symbolic mathematics.
["An On- line Symbol Manipulation System", F.W. Blackwell, Proc
ACM 22nd Natl Conf, 1967].
[Sammet 1969, p. 464].
(2003-07-29)
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set abstraction
(foldoc) | list comprehension
set abstraction
set comprehension
An expression in a {functional
language} denoting the results of some operation on (selected)
elements of one or more lists. An example in Haskell:
[ (x,y) | x |
|