| slovo | definícia |
c2
(encz) | C2,Command and Control [zkr.] [voj.] Zdeněk Brož a automatický překlad |
| | podobné slovo | definícia |
c2w
(encz) | C2W,Command and Control Warfare [zkr.] [voj.] Zdeněk Brož a automatický
překlad |
Ag2C2N2O2
(gcide) | Silver \Sil"ver\ (s[i^]l"v[~e]r), n. [OE. silver, selver,
seolver, AS. seolfor, siolfur, siolufr, silofr, sylofr; akin
to OS. silubar, OFries. selover, D. zilver, LG. sulver, OHG.
silabar, silbar, G. silber, Icel. silfr, Sw. silfver, Dan.
s["o]lv, Goth. silubr, Russ. serebro, Lith. sidabras; of
unknown origin.]
1. (Chem.) A soft white metallic element, sonorous, ductile,
very malleable, and capable of a high degree of polish. It
is found native, and also combined with sulphur, arsenic,
antimony, chlorine, etc., in the minerals argentite,
proustite, pyrargyrite, ceragyrite, etc. Silver is one of
the "noble" metals, so-called, not being easily oxidized,
and is used for coin, jewelry, plate, and a great variety
of articles. Symbol Ag (Argentum). Atomic weight 107.7.
Specific gravity 10.5.
[1913 Webster]
Note: Silver was known under the name of luna to the ancients
and also to the alchemists. Some of its compounds, as
the halogen salts, are remarkable for the effect of
light upon them, and are used in photography.
[1913 Webster]
2. Coin made of silver; silver money.
[1913 Webster]
3. Anything having the luster or appearance of silver.
[1913 Webster]
4. The color of silver.
[1913 Webster]
Note: Silver is used in the formation of many compounds of
obvious meaning; as, silver-armed, silver-bright,
silver-buskined, silver-coated, silver-footed,
silver-haired, silver-headed, silver-mantled,
silver-plated, silver-slippered, silver-sounding,
silver-studded, silver-tongued, silver-white. See
Silver, a.
[1913 Webster]
Black silver (Min.), stephanite; -- called also {brittle
silver ore}, or brittle silver glance.
Fulminating silver. (Chem.)
(a) A black crystalline substance, Ag2O.(NH3)2, obtained
by dissolving silver oxide in aqua ammonia. When dry
it explodes violently on the slightest percussion.
(b) Silver fulminate, a white crystalline substance,
Ag2C2N2O2, obtained by adding alcohol to a solution
of silver nitrate; -- also called {fulminate of
silver}. When dry it is violently explosive.
German silver. (Chem.) See under German.
Gray silver. (Min.) See Freieslebenite.
Horn silver. (Min.) See Cerargyrite.
King's silver. (O. Eng. Law) See Postfine.
Red silver, or Ruby silver. (Min.) See Proustite, and
Pyrargyrite.
Silver beater, one who beats silver into silver leaf or
silver foil.
Silver glance, or Vitreous silver. (Min.) See
Argentine.
[1913 Webster] |
C20H12O5
(gcide) | fluorescein \fluo`res"ce*in\, fluoresceine \fluo`res"ce*ine\,
fluorescein \flu`o*res"ce*["i]n\, n. (Chem.)
A yellowish red, crystalline substance, C20H12O5, produced
by heating together phthalic anhydride and resorcin; -- so
called, from the very brilliant yellowish green fluorescence
of its alkaline solutions. It has acid properties, and its
salts of the alkalies are known to the trade under the name
of uranin.
Syn: fluorescein, fluorescent dye, resorcinolphthalein.
[1913 Webster] |
C20H14
(gcide) | Dinaphthyl \Di*naph"thyl\, n. [Pref. di- + naphthylene.] (Chem.)
A colorless, crystalline hydrocarbon, C20H14, obtained from
naphthylene, and consisting of a doubled naphthylene radical.
[1913 Webster] |
C20H14O4
(gcide) | Phenolphthalein \Phe`nol*phthal"e*in\, or Phenol phthalein
\Phenol phthalein\, n. (Chem.)
A white or yellowish white crystalline substance, C20H14O4,
formed by condensation of the anhydride of phthalic acid and
phenol. Its solution in alkalies is brilliant red, but is
decolorized by acids. This reaction, being very delicate, is
used as a pH indicator. It is sometimes used as a laxative in
veterinary medicine.
[Webster 1913 Suppl. +PJC] |
C20H16O3
(gcide) | Rosolic \Ro*sol"ic\, a. [Rose + carbolic.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or designating, a complex red dyestuff (called
rosolic acid) which is analogous to rosaniline and aurin. It
is produced by oxidizing a mixture of phenol and cresol, as a
dark red amorphous mass, C20H16O3, which forms weak salts
with bases, and stable ones with acids. Called also {methyl
aurin}, and, formerly, corallin.
[1913 Webster] |
C20H21N3O
(gcide) | Rosaniline \Ros*an"i*line\ (? or ?), n. [Rose + aniline.]
(Chem.)
A complex nitrogenous base, C20H21N3O, obtained by
oxidizing a mixture of aniline and toluidine, as a colorless
crystalline substance which forms red salts. These salts are
essential components of many of the socalled aniline dyes, as
fuchsine, aniline red, etc. By extension, any one of the
series of substances derived from, or related to, rosaniline
proper.
[1913 Webster] |
C20H22O10
(gcide) | Erythrin \E*ryth"rin\, Erythrine \E*ryth"rine\, n. [Gr.
'eryqro`s red.]
1. (Chem.) A colorless crystalline substance, C20H22O10,
extracted from certain lichens, as the various species of
Rocella. It is a derivative of orsellinic acid. So
called because of certain red compounds derived from it.
Called also erythric acid.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Min.) See Erythrite, 2.
[1913 Webster] |
C20H24N2O2
(gcide) | Quinine \Qui"nine\, n. [F. (cf. Sp. quinina), fr. Sp. quina, or
quinaquina, Peruvian bark, fr. Peruv. kina, quina, bark. Cf.
Kinic.] (Chem.)
An alkaloid extracted from the bark of several species of
cinchona (esp. Cinchona Calisaya) as a bitter white
crystalline substance, C20H24N2O2. Hence, by extension
(Med.), any of the salts of this alkaloid, as the acetate,
chloride, sulphate, etc., employed as a febrifuge or
antiperiodic. Called also quinia, quinina, etc. [Written
also chinine.]
[1913 Webster] |
C20H28O
(gcide) | Retinal \Ret"i*nal\, n. (Chem.)
A retinoid compound (C20H28O), closely related to vitamin
A, which is a component of the visual pigments in the eye. It
is also called retinaldehyde and vitamin A aldehyde.
[PJC]vitamin A2 \vitamin A2\ n.
dehydroretinol (C20H28O), one of the substances also called
vitamin A. It has about 40% of the bioactivity of vitamin
A1.
Syn: dehydroretinol.
[WordNet 1.5 +PJC] |
C20H28O2
(gcide) | Retinoic acid \Ret`in*o"ic ac"id\, n. (Chem.)
A retinoid compound (C20H28O2), closely related to vitamin
A. It is also called tretinoin and vitamin A acid.
[PJC] |
C20H30O
(gcide) | vitamin A1 \vitamin A1\ n.
retinol (C20H30O), one of the substances also called
vitamin A. It is also called more specifically {vitamin A
alcohol}. It is a required factor for human nutrition. The
USP unit of activity is equal to 0.30 micrograms of retinol.
Syn: retinol.
[WordNet 1.5 +PJC]axerophthol \axerophthol\ n.
1. a vitamin essential for normal vision (C20H30O); it
prevents night blindness or inflammation or dryness of the
eyes; same as vitamin A. One U.S.P. unit of vitamin A is
equivalent to 0.30 micrograms of pure vitamin A alcohol.
Syn: vitamin A; vitamin A alcohol; antiophthalmic factor;
biosterol; retinol; A.
[WordNet 1.5 +PJC] |
C20H38
(gcide) | Eikosylene \Ei*kos"y*lene\, n. [Gr. e'i`kosi twenty +
acetylene.] (Chem.)
A liquid hydrocarbon, C20H38, of the acetylene series,
obtained from brown coal.
[1913 Webster] |
C20H42
(gcide) | Eikosane \Ei"ko*sane\, n. [Gr. e'i`kosi.] (Chem.)
A solid hydrocarbon, C20H42, of the paraffin series, of
artificial production, and also probably occurring in
petroleum.
[1913 Webster] |
C20H8O6
(gcide) | Cerulein \Ce*ru"le*in\, n. [L. caeruleus sky-blue.] (Chem.)
A fast dyestuff, C20H8O6, made by heating gallein with
strong sulphuric acid. It dyes mordanted fabrics green.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.] |
C21H20O2
(gcide) | tetrahydrocannabinol \tet`ra*hy`dro*can*nab"i*nol\
(t[e^]t`r[.a]*h[imac]`dr[-o]*k[a^]n*n[a^]b"[i^]n[add]l), n.
(Chem. & Med.)
A chemical substance (C21H20O2) which is produced by the
hemp plant (Cannabis sativa), and is the physiologically
active agent of dried preparations of that plant, called
variously marijuana, hashish, ganja, hemp, etc.; also called
THC. It causes the euphoric effect for which the
preparations are smoked or chewed. It is used in medicine in
a purified form as an antiemetic (an antinausea agent),
especially in conjunction with chemotherapy of cancer. It
occurs primarily as the [Delta]1-3,4-trans isomer, also
called [Delta]9-THC, with small amounts of the
[Delta]6-3,4-trans isomer detectable at about 1%. It is a
controlled substance, classified as a hallucinogen, and its
possession or distribution is illegal in almost all states of
the United States. --MI11
[PJC] |
C21H28O5
(gcide) | cortisone \cortisone\ n. (Chem.)
a corticosteroid hormone (C21H28O5) produced by the adrenal
cortex. It is used in medicine as an antiinflammatory agent.
[WordNet 1.5] |
C21H30O5
(gcide) | cortisol \cortisol\ n.
a steroid hormone (C21H30O5) active in carbohydrate and
protein metabolism; -- called also hydrocortisone. It is
used in medicine as an antiinflammatory agent
Syn: hydrocortisone.
[WordNet 1.5] |
C21H36N7O16P3S
(gcide) | coenzyme A \co*en"zyme A`\ (k[-o]*[e^]n"z[imac]m [=a]`),
(Biochem.)
a coenzyme (C21H36N7O16P3S) that participates in the
transfer of acetyl groups in biochemical reactions; --
abbreviated CoA. It contains adenosine, phosphate,
pantothenic acid and cysteamine groups. The acetyl group to
be transferred during biosynthesis is temporarily attached to
the free sulhydryl of the cysteamine group to form a
thioester, in which state it is called acetyl coenzyme A. The
strength of a preparation of coenzyme A may be expressed by
the Lippman unit; one milligram of CoA contains 413 Lippman
units.
[PJC] |
C22H23NO7
(gcide) | opianine \o"pi*a*nine\, n. (Chem.)
An alkaloid (C22H23NO7) found in small quantity in opium.
It is identical with narcotine. It is present in amounts up
to 11% in Papaver somniferum, and is used clinically as an
antitussive. --MI11
Syn: noscapine; narcosine; opian.
[1913 Webster +PJC] |
C23H22O6
(gcide) | rotenone \ro"te*none\, n.
A chemical substance (C23H22O6) extracted from the root of
the derris (Derris elliptica, Derris malaccensis, and
other species), used in treatment of scabies and as an
insecticide for external infestation by chiggers in human
medicine, and in veterinary medicine for the treatment of
infestations with fleas, ticks, and lice.
[PJC] |
C23H30ClN3O
(gcide) | Atabrine \Atabrine\ n. [Trademark.]
a drug once used to treat malaria (C23H30ClN3O); chemically
it is a derivative of the tricyclic structure acridine:
6-chloro-9-[[4-(diethylamino-1-methylbutyl)]amino]-2-methoxyacridine.
It also has some anthelmintic activity against cestodes.
Atabrine is a trademark.
Syn: quinacrine, mepacrine.
[WordNet 1.5] |
C23H48
(gcide) | Trikosane \Tri"ko*sane\, n. [Pref. tri- + Gr. ? twenty.] (Chem.)
A hydrocarbon, C23H48, of the methane series, resembling
paraffin; -- so called because it has twenty-three atoms of
carbon in the molecule.
[1913 Webster] |
C24H50
(gcide) | Tetrakosane \Tet"ra*ko*sane`\, n. [Tetra- + Gr. ? twenty.]
(Chem.)
A hydrocarbon, C24H50, resembling paraffin, and like it
belonging to the marsh-gas series; -- so called from having
twenty-four atoms of carbon in the molecule.
[1913 Webster] |
C25H38O5
(gcide) | simvastatin \sim`va*stat"in\, n.
a chemical substance (C25H38O5) having inhibitory activity
on the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase, and used in medicine to
reduce cholesterol levels in blood.
Syn: synvinolin; MK-733; Zocor.
[PJC] |
C26H29NO
(gcide) | Tamoxifen \Ta*mox"i*fen\ (t[a^]*m[o^]k"s[i^]*f[e^]n), n.
a chemical compound (C26H29NO) which is non-steroidal but
physiogically active as an estrogen antagonist. It is used to
treat postmenopausal breast cancer. Chemically it is
1-p-dimethylaminoethoxyphenyl-trans-1,2-diphenyl-but-1-ene.
It can be obtained as a white crystalline powder. --[MI11]
Syn: Kessar; Noltam; Nolvadex; Tamofen; Tamoxasta; Terimon;
Xynoplex. [PJC] |
C26H36N2O9
(gcide) | antimycin \an`ti*my"cin\ ([a^]n`t[i^]*m[imac]"s[i^]n), n.
1. one of several antibiotic substances produced by several
species of Streptomyces, active against various fungi.
They are used only experimentally, not in medicine. The
two best-known antimycins are antimycin A1 (C28H40N2O9)
and antimycin A3 (C26H36N2O9). They are notable for
their mechanism of action, interference with the proton
pumping mechanism of fungi.
[WordNet 1.5 +PJC] |
C26H54
(gcide) | Hexeikosane \Hex*ei"ko*sane\, n. [Hex- + eikosane.] (chem.)
A hydrocarbon, C26H54, resembling paraffine; -- so called
because each molecule has twenty-six atoms of carbon.
[Written also hexacosane.]
[1913 Webster] |
C27H30O14
(gcide) | morindin \mo*rin"din\, n. (Chem.)
A yellow dyestuff (C27H30O14) extracted from the root bark
of an East Indian plant (Morinda citrifolia) or from the
bark of Coprosma australis. The substance is also found in
the fruit of the Morinda citrifolia, called noni, which is
touted by some merchants to have a stimulatory effect on the
immune system. It is a disaccharide derivative of
anthracenedione.
[1913 Webster +PJC] |
C27H55
(gcide) | Ceryl \Ce"ryl\, n. [L. cera wax + -yl.] (Chem.)
A radical, C27H55 supposed to exist in several compounds
obtained from Chinese wax, beeswax, etc.
[1913 Webster] Cesarean |
C27H55OH
(gcide) | Cerotin \Cer"o*tin\, n. [See Cerotene.] (Chem.)
A white crystalline substance, C27H55.OH, obtained from
Chinese wax, and regarded as an alcohol of the paraffin
series; -- called also cerotic alcohol, ceryl alcohol.
[1913 Webster] |
C28H40N2O9
(gcide) | antimycin \an`ti*my"cin\ ([a^]n`t[i^]*m[imac]"s[i^]n), n.
1. one of several antibiotic substances produced by several
species of Streptomyces, active against various fungi.
They are used only experimentally, not in medicine. The
two best-known antimycins are antimycin A1 (C28H40N2O9)
and antimycin A3 (C26H36N2O9). They are notable for
their mechanism of action, interference with the proton
pumping mechanism of fungi.
[WordNet 1.5 +PJC] |
C28H43OH
(gcide) | calciferol \cal*cif"er*ol\ n.
one of the forms of vitamin D, a fat-soluble vitamin that
prevents rickets. It is an unsaturated alcohol, C28H43OH
found in foods such as milk and fish liver oils. It is used
as a dietary supplement in milk.
Syn: vitamin D, ergocalciferol, cholecarciferol, D.
[WordNet 1.5 +PJC] |
C2H2CO2H2
(gcide) | Fumaric \Fu*mar"ic\, a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or derived from, fumitory ({Fumaria
officinalis}).
[1913 Webster]
Fumaric acid (Chem.), a widely occurring organic acid,
extracted from fumitory as a white crystallline substance,
C2H2(CO2H)2, and produced artificially in many ways, as
by the distillation of malic acid; boletic acid. It is
found also in the lichen, Iceland moss, and hence was also
called lichenic acid.
[1913 Webster] |
C2H2N4
(gcide) | Tetrazine \Tet*raz"ine\, n. Also -in \-in\ . [Tetrazo- + -ine.]
(Chem.)
A hypothetical compound, C2H2N4 which may be regarded as
benzene with four CH groups replaced by nitrogen atoms;
also, any of various derivatives of the same. There are three
isomeric varieties.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.] |
C2H2OH2CO2H2
(gcide) | Tartaric \Tar*tar"ic\, a. (Chem.)
Of or pertaining to tartar; derived from, or resembling,
tartar.
[1913 Webster]
Tartaric acid. (a) An acid widely diffused throughout the
vegetable kingdom, as in grapes, mountain-ash berries,
etc., and obtained from tartar as a white crystalline
substance, C2H2(OH)2.(CO2H)2, having a strong pure acid
taste. It is used in medicine, in dyeing, calico printing,
photography, etc., and also as a substitute for lemon
juice. Called also dextro-tartaric acid.
(b) By extension, any one of the series of isomeric acids
(racemic acid, levotartaric acid, inactive tartaric acid)
of which tartaric acid proper is the type.
[1913 Webster] |
C2H3
(gcide) | Vinyl \Vi"nyl\, n. [L. vinum wine + -yl.] (Chem.)
The hypothetical radical C2H3, regarded as the
characteristic residue of ethylene and that related series of
unsaturated hydrocarbons with which the allyl compounds are
homologous.
[1913 Webster] |
C2H4
(gcide) | Ethylidene \E*thyl"i*dene\ (Chem.)
An unsymmetrical, divalent, hydrocarbon radical, C2H4
metameric with ethylene but written thus, CH3.CH= to
distinguish it from the symmetrical ethylene, CH2=CH2. Its
compounds are derived from aldehyde. Formerly called also
ethidene.
[1913 Webster]Ethylene \Eth"yl*ene\ ([e^]th"[i^]l*[=e]n), n. [From Ethyl.]
(Chem.)
A colorless, gaseous hydrocarbon, C2H4, forming an
important ingredient of illuminating gas, and also obtained
by the action of concentrated sulphuric acid in alcohol. It
is an unsaturated compound and combines directly with
chlorine and bromine to form oily liquids (Dutch liquid), --
hence called olefiant gas. Called also ethene, elayl,
and formerly, bicarbureted hydrogen.
[1913 Webster]
Ethylene series (Chem.), the series of unsaturated
hydrocarbons of which ethylene is the type, and
represented by the general formula CnH2n.
[1913 Webster] |
C2H4Cl2
(gcide) | Dutch \Dutch\, a. [D. duitsch German; or G. deutsch, orig.,
popular, national, OD. dietsc, MHG. diutsch, tiutsch, OHG.
diutisk, fr. diot, diota, a people, a nation; akin to AS.
pe['o]d, OS. thiod, thioda, Goth. piuda; cf. Lith. tauta
land, OIr. tuath people, Oscan touto. The English have
applied the name especially to the Germanic people living
nearest them, the Hollanders. Cf. Derrick, Teutonic.]
Pertaining to Holland, or to its inhabitants.
[1913 Webster]
Dutch auction. See under Auction.
Dutch cheese, a small, pound, hard cheese, made from skim
milk.
Dutch clinker, a kind of brick made in Holland. It is
yellowish, very hard, and long and narrow in shape.
Dutch clover (Bot.), common white clover ({Trifolium
repens}), the seed of which was largely imported into
England from Holland.
Dutch concert, a so-called concert in which all the singers
sing at the same time different songs. [Slang]
Dutch courage, the courage of partial intoxication. [Slang]
--Marryat.
Dutch door, a door divided into two parts, horizontally, so
arranged that the lower part can be shut and fastened,
while the upper part remains open.
Dutch foil, Dutch leaf, or Dutch gold, a kind of brass
rich in copper, rolled or beaten into thin sheets, used in
Holland to ornament toys and paper; -- called also {Dutch
mineral}, Dutch metal, brass foil, and bronze leaf.
Dutch liquid (Chem.), a thin, colorless, volatile liquid,
C2H4Cl2, of a sweetish taste and a pleasant ethereal
odor, produced by the union of chlorine and ethylene or
olefiant gas; -- called also Dutch oil. It is so called
because discovered (in 1795) by an association of four
Hollandish chemists. See Ethylene, and Olefiant.
Dutch oven, a tin screen for baking before an open fire or
kitchen range; also, in the United States, a shallow iron
kettle for baking, with a cover to hold burning coals.
Dutch pink, chalk, or whiting dyed yellow, and used in
distemper, and for paper staining. etc. --Weale.
Dutch rush (Bot.), a species of horsetail rush or
Equisetum (Equisetum hyemale) having a rough,
siliceous surface, and used for scouring and polishing; --
called also scouring rush, and shave grass. See
Equisetum.
Dutch tile, a glazed and painted ornamental tile, formerly
much exported, and used in the jambs of chimneys and the
like.
[1913 Webster]
Note: Dutch was formerly used for German.
[1913 Webster]
Germany is slandered to have sent none to this
war [the Crusades] at this first voyage; and that
other pilgrims, passing through that country,
were mocked by the Dutch, and called fools for
their pains. --Fuller.
[1913 Webster] |
C2H4CO2NH
(gcide) | Succinimide \Suc`cin*im"ide\, n. (Chem.)
A white crystalline nitrogenous substance, C2H4.(CO)2.NH,
obtained by treating succinic anhydride with ammonia gas. It
is a typical imido acid, and forms a series of salts. See
Imido acid, under Imido.
[1913 Webster] |
C2H4N4
(gcide) | Param \Par"am\, n. (Chem.)
A white crystalline nitrogenous substance (C2H4N4); --
called also dicyandiamide.
[1913 Webster] |
C2H4NH2
(gcide) | Piperazine \Pi*per"a*zine\, n. Also -zin \-zin\ . [Piperidine +
azote + -ine.] (Chem.)
A crystalline substance, (C2H4NH)2, formed by action of
ammonia on ethylene bromide, by reduction of pyrazine, etc.
It is a strong base, and is used as a remedy for gout.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.] |
C2H4NH22
(gcide) | Diamine \Di*am"ine\ (?; 104), n. [Pref. di- + amine.] (Chem.)
A compound containing two amido groups united with one or
more basic or positive radicals, -- as contrasted with a
diamide.
[1913 Webster]
Note: In chemical nomenclature, if any amine or diamine is
named by prefixing the nitrogen group, the name of the
latter takes the form of amido, diamido, etc., thus
ethylene diamine, C2H4.(NH2)2, is also called
diamido-ethylene.
[1913 Webster] |
C2H4O
(gcide) | Aldehyde \Al"de*hyde\ ([a^]l"d[-e]*h[imac]d), n. [Abbrev. fr.
alcohol dehydrogenatum, alcohol deprived of its hydrogen.]
1. (Chem.) A colorless, mobile, and very volatile liquid
obtained from alcohol by certain processes of oxidation.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Chem.) Any compound having the group -CHO. Methyl
aldehyde, the simplest aldehyde, is more commonly called
formaldehyde, H-CHO, and acetic aldehyde is now more
commonly called acetaldehyde. The higher aldehydes may
be solids. A reducing sugar typically contains the
aldehyde group.
[PJC]
Note: The aldehydes are intermediate between the alcohols and
acids, and differ from the alcohols in having two less
hydrogen atoms in the molecule, as common aldehyde
(called also acetaldehyde, acetic aldehyde or
ethyl aldehyde), C2H4O; methyl aldehyde (called
also formaldehyde), CH2O.
[1913 Webster +PJC]
Aldehyde ammonia (Chem.), a compound formed by the union of
aldehyde with ammonia.
[1913 Webster] |
C2H4O2
(gcide) | Formula \For"mu*la\, n.; pl. E. Formulas, L. Formul[ae].
[L., dim. of forma form, model. SeeForm, n.]
1. A prescribed or set form; an established rule; a fixed or
conventional method in which anything is to be done,
arranged, or said.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Eccl.) A written confession of faith; a formal statement
of foctrines.
[1913 Webster]
3. (Math.) A rule or principle expressed in algebraic
language; as, the binominal formula.
[1913 Webster]
4. (Med.) A prescription or recipe for the preparation of a
medicinal compound.
[1913 Webster]
5. (Chem.) A symbolic expression (by means of letters,
figures, etc.) of the constituents or constitution of a
compound.
[1913 Webster]
Note: Chemical formul[ae] consist of the abbreviations of the
names of the elements, with a small figure at the lower
right hand, to denote the number of atoms of each
element contained.
[1913 Webster]
Empirical formula (Chem.), an expression which gives the
simple proportion of the constituents; as, the empirical
formula of acetic acid is C2H4O2.
Graphic formula, Rational formula (Chem.), an expression
of the constitution, and in a limited sense of the
structure, of a compound, by the grouping of its atoms or
radicals; as, a rational formula of acetic acid is
CH3.(C:O).OH; -- called also structural formula,
constitutional formula, etc. See also the formula of
Benzene nucleus, under Benzene.
Molecular formula (Chem.), a formula indicating the
supposed molecular constitution of a compound.
[1913 Webster] |
C2H4OH2
(gcide) | Glycol \Gly"col\, n. [Glycerin + -ol. See Glycerin.] (Chem.)
(a) A thick, colorless liquid, C2H4(OH)2, of a sweetish
taste, produced artificially from certain ethylene
compounds. It is a diacid alcohol, intermediate between
ordinary ethyl alcohol and glycerin.
[1913 Webster] |
C2H5
(gcide) | Ethyl \Eth"yl\, n. [Ether + -yl.] (Chem.)
A monatomic, hydrocarbon radical, C2H5 of the paraffin
series, forming the essential radical of ethane, and of
common alcohol and ether.
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Ethyl aldehyde. (Chem.) See Aldehyde.
[1913 Webster]Ethylate \Eth"y*late\ ([e^]th"[i^]l*[asl]t), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
Ethylated; p. pr. & vb. n. Ethylating.] [From Ethyl.]
(Chem.)
To treat in such a way as to cause the introduction of one or
more ethyl groups, C2H5-; as, to ethylate alcohol.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.] |
C2H5-
(gcide) | Ethyl \Eth"yl\, n. [Ether + -yl.] (Chem.)
A monatomic, hydrocarbon radical, C2H5 of the paraffin
series, forming the essential radical of ethane, and of
common alcohol and ether.
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Ethyl aldehyde. (Chem.) See Aldehyde.
[1913 Webster]Ethylate \Eth"y*late\ ([e^]th"[i^]l*[asl]t), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
Ethylated; p. pr. & vb. n. Ethylating.] [From Ethyl.]
(Chem.)
To treat in such a way as to cause the introduction of one or
more ethyl groups, C2H5-; as, to ethylate alcohol.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.] |
C2H52NN2NC2H52
(gcide) | Tetrazone \Tet"ra*zone\, n. (Chem.)
Any one of a certain series of basic compounds containing a
chain of four nitrogen atoms; for example, ethyl tetrazone,
(C2H5)2N.N2.N(C2H5)2, a colorless liquid having an odor of
leeks.
[1913 Webster] Tetric |
C2H52O
(gcide) | Ether \E"ther\ ([=e]"th[~e]r), n. [L. aether, Gr. a'iqh`r, fr.
a'i`qein to light up, kindle, burn, blaze; akin to Skr. idh,
indh, and prob. to E. idle: cf. F. ['e]ther.] [Written also
[ae]ther.]
1. (Physics) A medium of great elasticity and extreme
tenuity, once supposed to pervade all space, the interior
of solid bodies not excepted, and to be the medium of
transmission of light and heat; hence often called
luminiferous ether. It is no longer believed that such a
medium is required for the transmission of electromagnetic
waves; the modern use of the term is mostly a figurative
term for empty space, or for literary effect, and not
intended to imply the actual existence of a physical
medium. However. modern cosmological theories based on
quantum field theory do not rule out the possibility that
the inherent energy of the vacuum is greater than zero, in
which case the concept of an ether pervading the vacuum
may have more than metaphoric meaning.
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2. Supposed matter above the air; the air itself.
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3. (Chem.)
(a) A light, volatile, mobile, inflammable liquid,
(C2H5)2O, of a characteristic aromatic odor,
obtained by the distillation of alcohol with sulphuric
acid, and hence called also sulphuric ether. It is a
powerful solvent of fats, resins, and pyroxylin, but
finds its chief use as an an[ae]sthetic. Commonly
called ethyl ether to distinguish it from other
ethers, and also ethyl oxide.
(b) Any similar compound in which an oxygen atom is bound
to two different carbon atoms, each of which is part
of an organic radical; as, amyl ether; valeric ether;
methyl ethyl ether. The general formular for an ether
is ROR', in which R and R' are organic radicals
which may be of similar or different structure. If R
and R' are different parts of the same organic
radical, the structure forms a cyclic ether.
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Complex ether, Mixed ether (Chem.), an ether in which the
ether oxygen is attached to two radicals having different
structures; as, ethyl methyl ether, C2H5.O.CH3.
Compound ether (Chem.), an ethereal salt or a salt of some
hydrocarbon as the base; an ester.
Ether engine (Mach.), a condensing engine like a steam
engine, but operated by the vapor of ether instead of by
steam.
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C2H52S2
(gcide) | Thialol \Thi"al*ol\, n. [Thio- + alcohol + L. oleum oil.]
(Chem.)
A colorless oily liquid, (C2H5)2S2, having a strong garlic
odor; -- called also ethyl disulphide. By extension, any
one of the series of related compounds.
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C2H53PO4
(gcide) | Phosphate \Phos"phate\, n. (Chem.)
A salt of phosphoric acid or a compound containing the
phosphate radical group -PO4; as, trisodium phosphate
(Na3PO4); triethyl phosphate ((C2H5)3PO4).
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C2H5NH2
(gcide) | Ethylamine \Eth`yl*am"ine\, n. [Ethyl + amine.] (Chem.)
A colorless, mobile, inflammable liquid, C2H5.NH2, very
volatile and with an ammoniacal odor. It is a strong base,
and is a derivative of ammonia. Called also {ethyl
carbamine}, and amido ethane.
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C2H5OCH3
(gcide) | Ether \E"ther\ ([=e]"th[~e]r), n. [L. aether, Gr. a'iqh`r, fr.
a'i`qein to light up, kindle, burn, blaze; akin to Skr. idh,
indh, and prob. to E. idle: cf. F. ['e]ther.] [Written also
[ae]ther.]
1. (Physics) A medium of great elasticity and extreme
tenuity, once supposed to pervade all space, the interior
of solid bodies not excepted, and to be the medium of
transmission of light and heat; hence often called
luminiferous ether. It is no longer believed that such a
medium is required for the transmission of electromagnetic
waves; the modern use of the term is mostly a figurative
term for empty space, or for literary effect, and not
intended to imply the actual existence of a physical
medium. However. modern cosmological theories based on
quantum field theory do not rule out the possibility that
the inherent energy of the vacuum is greater than zero, in
which case the concept of an ether pervading the vacuum
may have more than metaphoric meaning.
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2. Supposed matter above the air; the air itself.
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3. (Chem.)
(a) A light, volatile, mobile, inflammable liquid,
(C2H5)2O, of a characteristic aromatic odor,
obtained by the distillation of alcohol with sulphuric
acid, and hence called also sulphuric ether. It is a
powerful solvent of fats, resins, and pyroxylin, but
finds its chief use as an an[ae]sthetic. Commonly
called ethyl ether to distinguish it from other
ethers, and also ethyl oxide.
(b) Any similar compound in which an oxygen atom is bound
to two different carbon atoms, each of which is part
of an organic radical; as, amyl ether; valeric ether;
methyl ethyl ether. The general formular for an ether
is ROR', in which R and R' are organic radicals
which may be of similar or different structure. If R
and R' are different parts of the same organic
radical, the structure forms a cyclic ether.
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Complex ether, Mixed ether (Chem.), an ether in which the
ether oxygen is attached to two radicals having different
structures; as, ethyl methyl ether, C2H5.O.CH3.
Compound ether (Chem.), an ethereal salt or a salt of some
hydrocarbon as the base; an ester.
Ether engine (Mach.), a condensing engine like a steam
engine, but operated by the vapor of ether instead of by
steam.
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C2H5OCSNH2
(gcide) | Xanthamide \Xanth*am"ide\, n. [Xanthic + amide.] (Chem.)
An amido derivative of xanthic acid obtained as a white
crystalline substance, C2H5O.CS.NH2; -- called also
xanthogen amide.
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C2H5OCSSH
(gcide) | Xanthic \Xan"thic\, a. [Gr. xanqo`s yellow: cf. F. xanthique.]
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1. Tending toward a yellow color, or to one of those colors,
green being excepted, in which yellow is a constituent, as
scarlet, orange, etc.
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2. (Chem.)
(a) Possessing, imparting, or producing a yellow color;
as, xanthic acid.
(b) Of or pertaining to xanthic acid, or its compounds;
xanthogenic.
(c) Of or pertaining to xanthin.
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Xanthic acid (Chem.), a heavy, astringent, colorless oil,
C2H5O.CS.SH, having a pungent odor. It is produced by
leading carbon disulphide into a hot alcoholic solution of
potassium hydroxide. So called from the yellow color of
many of its salts. Called also xanthogenic acid.
Xanthic colors (Bot.), those colors (of flowers) having
some tinge of yellow; -- opposed to cyanic colors. See
under Cyanic.
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C2H5OH
(gcide) | Alcohol \Al"co*hol\ ([a^]l"k[-o]*h[o^]l), n. [Cf. F. alcool,
formerly written alcohol, Sp. alcohol alcohol, antimony,
galena, OSp. alcofol; all fr. Ar. al-kohl a powder of
antimony or galena, to paint the eyebrows with. The name was
afterwards applied, on account of the fineness of this
powder, to highly rectified spirits, a signification unknown
in Arabia. The Sp. word has both meanings. Cf. Alquifou.]
1. An impalpable powder. [Obs.]
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2. The fluid essence or pure spirit obtained by distillation.
[Obs.] --Boyle.
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3. Pure spirit of wine; pure or highly rectified spirit
(called also ethyl alcohol or ethanol, CH3.CH2.OH);
the spirituous or intoxicating element of fermented or
distilled liquors, or more loosely a liquid containing it
in considerable quantity. It is extracted by simple
distillation from various vegetable juices and infusions
of a saccharine nature, which have undergone vinous
fermentation.
Note: [The ferementation is usually carried out by addition
of brewer's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae to an
aqueous solution containing carbohydrates.]
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Note: As used in the U. S. "Pharmacop[oe]ia," alcohol
contains 91 per cent by weight of ethyl alcohol and 9
per cent of water; and diluted alcohol (proof spirit)
contains 45.5 per cent by weight of ethyl alcohol and
54.5 per cent of water.
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4. (Organic Chem.) A class of compounds analogous to vinic
alcohol in constitution. Chemically speaking, they are
hydroxides of certain organic radicals; as, the radical
ethyl forms common or ethyl alcohol (C2H5.OH); methyl
forms methyl alcohol (CH3.OH) or wood alcohol; amyl
forms amyl alcohol (C5H11.OH) or fusel oil, etc.
[1913 Webster]ethanol \eth"an*ol\ ([e^]th"[a^]n*[add]l), n. (Chem.)
The organic compound C2H5.OH, the common alcohol which is
the intoxicating agent in beer, wine, and other fermented and
distilled liquors; called also ethyl alcohol. It is used
pure or denatured as a solvent or in medicines and colognes
and cleaning solutions, or mixed in gasoline as a fuel for
automobiles, and as a rocket fuel (as in the V-2 rocket).
Syn: ethyl alcohol, fermentation alcohol, grain alcohol.
[WordNet 1.5]ethyl alcohol \ethyl alcohol\ n. (Chem.)
the organic compound C2H5.OH, which is the intoxicating
agent in beer, wine, and other fermented and distilled
liquors; it is used pure or denatured as a solvent or in
medicines and colognes and cleaning solutions and rocket
fuel.
Syn: ethanol, fermentation alcohol, grain alcohol.
[WordNet 1.5] |
C2H5OK
(gcide) | Ethylate \Eth"yl*ate\ ([e^]th"[i^]l*[asl]t), n. [From Ethyl.]
(Chem.)
A compound derived from ethyl alcohol by the replacement of
the hydroxyl hydrogen, after the manner of a hydrate; an
ethyl alcoholate; as, potassium ethylate, C2H5.O.K.
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C2H5SH
(gcide) | Mercaptan \Mer*cap"tan\, n. [F., fr. NL. mercurius mercury + L.
captans, p. pr. of captare to seize, v. intens. fr. capere.]
(Chem.)
Any one of series of compounds having an -SH radical
attached to a carbon atom, also considered as hydrosulphides
of alcohol radicals, in composition resembling the alcohols,
but containing sulphur in place of oxygen, and hence called
also the sulphur alcohols. In general, they are colorless
liquids having a strong, repulsive, garlic odor. The name is
specifically applied to ethyl mercaptan, C2H5SH. So called
from its avidity for mercury, and other metals.
[1913 Webster]ethyl mercaptan \eth"yl mer*cap"tan\, (Chem.)
A gaseous substance (C2H5.SH) used as an odorant in natural
gas and propane to facilitate detection and serve as a
warning of leaks.
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C2H5SK
(gcide) | Mercaptide \Mer*cap"tide\ (? or ?), n. (Chem.)
A compound of mercaptan formed by replacing its sulphur
hydrogen by a metal; as, potassium mercaptide, C2H5SK.
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C2H6
(gcide) | Homology \Ho*mol"o*gy\, n. [Gr. ? agreement. See Homologous.]
1. The quality of being homologous; correspondence; relation;
as, the homologyof similar polygons.
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2. (Biol.) Correspondence or relation in type of structure in
contradistinction to similarity of function; as, the
relation in structure between the leg and arm of a man; or
that between the arm of a man, the fore leg of a horse,
the wing of a bird, and the fin of a fish, all these
organs being modifications of one type of structure.
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Note: Homology indicates genetic relationship, and according
to Haeckel special homology should be defined in terms
of identity of embryonic origin. See Homotypy, and
Homogeny.
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3. (Chem.) The correspondence or resemblance of substances
belonging to the same type or series; a similarity of
composition varying by a small, regular difference, and
usually attended by a regular variation in physical
properties; as, there is an homology between methane,
CH4, ethane, C2H6, propane, C3H8, etc., all members
of the paraffin series. In an extended sense, the term is
applied to the relation between chemical elements of the
same group; as, chlorine, bromine, and iodine are said to
be in homology with each other. Cf. Heterology.
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General homology (Biol.), the higher relation which a
series of parts, or a single part, bears to the
fundamental or general type on which the group is
constituted. --Owen.
Serial homology (Biol.), representative or repetitive
relation in the segments of the same organism, -- as in
the lobster, where the parts follow each other in a
straight line or series. --Owen. See Homotypy.
Special homology (Biol.), the correspondence of a part or
organ with those of a different animal, as determined by
relative position and connection. --Owen.
[1913 Webster]ethane \eth"ane\ ([e^]th"[=a]n), n. [From Ether.] (Chem.)
A gaseous hydrocarbon, C2H6, forming a constituent of
ordinary illuminating gas. It is the second member of the
paraffin series, and its most important derivatives are
common alcohol (ethyl alcohol), acetaldehyde, ether, and
acetic acid. Called also dimethyl.
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C2H6O
(gcide) | molecular formula \mo*lec"u*lar form"u*la\, n. (Chem.)
An expression representing the composition of elements in a
chemical substance, commonly consisting of a series of
letters and numbers comprising the atomic symbols of each
element present in a compound followed by the number of atoms
of that element present in one molecule of the substance.
Thus the molecular formula for common alcohol (ethyl alcohol)
is C2H6O, meaning that each molecule contains two carbon
atoms, six hydrogen atoms, and one oxygen atom. The molecular
formula may be written to provide some indication of the
actual structure of the molecule, in which case structural
units may be written separately. Thus, ethyl alcohol can also
be written as CH3.CH2.OH or CH3-CH2-OH, in which the
period or dash between functional groups indicates a single
bond between the principle atoms of each group. This formula
shows that in ethyl alcohol, the carbon of a methyl group
(CH3-) is attached to the carbon of a methylene group
(-CH2-), which is attached to the oxygen of a hydroxyl
group (-OH). A structural formula is a graphical
depiction of the relative positions of atoms in a molecule,
and may be very complicated.
[PJC] |
C2H7NSO3
(gcide) | Taurine \Tau"rine\, n. [So named because it was discovered in
the bile of the ox. See Taurus.] (Physiol. Chem.)
A chemical compound occurring in small quantity in the juices
of muscle, in the lungs, and elsewhere, but especially in the
bile, where it is found as a component part of taurocholic
acid, from which it can be prepared by decomposition of the
acid. It crystallizes in colorless, regular six-sided prisms,
and is especially characterized by containing both nitrogen
and sulphur, being chemically amido-isethionic acid,
C2H7NSO3.
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C2N2
(gcide) | Cyanogen \Cy*an"o*gen\ (s?-?n"?-j?n), n. [Gr. ky`anos a dark
blue substance + -gen: cf. F. cyanog[`e]ne. So called because
it produced blue dyes.] (Chem.)
A colorless, inflammable, poisonous gas, C2N2, with a
peach-blossom odor, so called from its tendency to form blue
compounds; obtained by heating ammonium oxalate, mercuric
cyanide, etc. It is obtained in combination, forming an
alkaline cyanide when nitrogen or a nitrogenous compound is
strongly ignited with carbon and soda or potash. It conducts
itself like a member of the halogen group of elements, and
shows a tendency to form complex compounds. The name is also
applied to the univalent radical, CN (the half molecule of
cyanogen proper), which was one of the first compound
radicals recognized.
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Note: Cyanogen is found in the commercial substances,
potassium cyanide, or prussiate of potash, yellow
prussiate of potash, Prussian blue, Turnbull's blue,
prussic acid, etc.
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C2N2O2H2
(gcide) | Polymeric \Pol`y*mer"ic\, a. [Poly- + Gr. ? part.] (Chem.)
Having the same percentage composition (that is, having the
same elements united in the same proportion by weight), but
different molecular weights; -- often used with with; thus,
cyanic acid (CNOH), fulminic acid (C2N2O2H2), and
cyanuric acid (C3N3O3H3), are polymeric with each other.
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Note: The figures expressing the number of atoms of each
element in a number of polymeric substances are
respectively multiples and factors of each other, or
have some simple common divisor. The relation may be
merely a numerical one, as in the example given above,
or a chemical one, as in the case of aldehyde,
paraldehyde, and metaldehyde.
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C2O2
(gcide) | Oxalyl \Ox"a*lyl\, n. [Oxalic + -yl.] (Chem.)
(a) A hydrocarbon radical (C2O2) regarded as a residue of
oxalic acid and occurring in derivatives of it.
(b) An old name for carbonyl.
(c) An old name for carboxyl.
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C2O2N3H5
(gcide) | Biuret \Bi"u*ret\, n. [Pref. bi- + urea.] (Chem.)
A white, crystalline, nitrogenous substance, C2O2N3H5,
formed by heating urea. It is intermediate between urea and
cyanuric acid.
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C2O2NH22
(gcide) | Oxamide \Ox*am"ide\, n, [Oxalic + amide.] (Chem.)
A white crystalline neutral substance (C2O2(NH2)2) obtained
by treating ethyl oxalate with ammonia. It is the acid amide
of oxalic acid. Formerly called also oxalamide.
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C4H3O2C2O2
(gcide) | Furile \Fu"rile\, n. [Furfurol + benzile.] (Chem.)
A yellow, crystalline substance, (C4H3O)2.C2O2, obtained by
the oxidation of furoin. [Written also furil.]
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C6H4C2H2C6H4
(gcide) | Anthracene \An"thra*cene\, n. [Gr. 'a`nqrax coal.] (Chem.)
A solid hydrocarbon, C6H4.C2H2.C6H4, which accompanies
naphthalene in the last stages of the distillation of coal
tar. Its chief use is in the artificial production of
alizarin. [Written also anthracin.]
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C6H4C2O2C6H4
(gcide) | Anthraquinone \An`thra*qui"none\, n. [Anthracene + quinone.]
(Chem.)
A hydrocarbon, C6H4.C2O2.C6H4, subliming in shining yellow
needles. It is obtained by oxidation of anthracene.
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C6H5C2H22C
(gcide) | Cinnamyl \Cin"na*myl\, n. [Cinnamic + -yl.] (Chem.)
The hypothetical radical, (C6H5.C2H2)2C, of cinnamic
compounds. [Formerly written also cinnamule.]
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