| slovo | definícia |
packet
(mass) | packet
- paket |
packet
(encz) | packet,balíček n: |
packet
(encz) | packet,balík n: |
packet
(encz) | packet,paket n: Zdeněk Brož |
packet
(gcide) | packet \pack"et\ (p[a^]k"[e^]t), n. [F. paquet, dim. fr. LL.
paccus, from the same source as E. pack. See Pack.]
[1913 Webster]
1. A small pack or package; a little bundle or parcel; as, a
packet of letters. --Shak.
[1913 Webster]
2. Originally, a vessel employed by government to convey
dispatches or mails; hence, a vessel employed in conveying
dispatches, mails, passengers, and goods, and having fixed
days of sailing; a mail boat.
[1913 Webster]
Packet boat, Packet ship, or Packet vessel. See
Packet, n., 2.
Packet day, the day for mailing letters to go by packet; or
the sailing day.
Packet note or Packet post. See under Paper.
[1913 Webster] |
Packet
(gcide) | Packet \Pack"et\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Packeted; p. pr. & vb.
n. Packeting.]
1. To make up into a packet or bundle.
[1913 Webster]
2. To send in a packet or dispatch vessel.
[1913 Webster]
Her husband
Was packeted to France. --Ford.
[1913 Webster] |
Packet
(gcide) | Packet \Pack"et\, v. i.
To ply with a packet or dispatch boat.
[1913 Webster] |
packet
(wn) | packet
n 1: a collection of things wrapped or boxed together [syn:
package, bundle, packet, parcel]
2: (computer science) a message or message fragment
3: a small package or bundle
4: a boat for carrying mail [syn: mailboat, mail boat,
packet, packet boat] |
packet
(foldoc) | packet
data packet
The unit of data sent across a network. "Packet" is a
generic term used to describe a unit of data at any layer of
the OSI protocol stack, but it is most correctly used to
describe application layer data units ("{application
protocol data unit}", APDU).
See also datagram, frame.
(1994-11-30)
|
| | podobné slovo | definícia |
packets
(mass) | packets
- pakety |
packet (small)
(encz) | packet (small),balíček n: |
packet boat
(encz) | packet boat,poštovní loď [pEkItbout] Martin Král |
packets
(encz) | packets,balíčky n: pl. Zdeněk Brožpackets,pakety n: pl. Zdeněk Brož |
pay packet
(encz) | pay packet,výplata Petr Prášekpay packet,výplatní sáček Pavel Cvrčekpay packet,výplatní šek Petr Prášek |
small packet
(encz) | small packet,balíček |
Packet
(gcide) | packet \pack"et\ (p[a^]k"[e^]t), n. [F. paquet, dim. fr. LL.
paccus, from the same source as E. pack. See Pack.]
[1913 Webster]
1. A small pack or package; a little bundle or parcel; as, a
packet of letters. --Shak.
[1913 Webster]
2. Originally, a vessel employed by government to convey
dispatches or mails; hence, a vessel employed in conveying
dispatches, mails, passengers, and goods, and having fixed
days of sailing; a mail boat.
[1913 Webster]
Packet boat, Packet ship, or Packet vessel. See
Packet, n., 2.
Packet day, the day for mailing letters to go by packet; or
the sailing day.
Packet note or Packet post. See under Paper.
[1913 Webster]Packet \Pack"et\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Packeted; p. pr. & vb.
n. Packeting.]
1. To make up into a packet or bundle.
[1913 Webster]
2. To send in a packet or dispatch vessel.
[1913 Webster]
Her husband
Was packeted to France. --Ford.
[1913 Webster]Packet \Pack"et\, v. i.
To ply with a packet or dispatch boat.
[1913 Webster] |
Packet boat
(gcide) | packet \pack"et\ (p[a^]k"[e^]t), n. [F. paquet, dim. fr. LL.
paccus, from the same source as E. pack. See Pack.]
[1913 Webster]
1. A small pack or package; a little bundle or parcel; as, a
packet of letters. --Shak.
[1913 Webster]
2. Originally, a vessel employed by government to convey
dispatches or mails; hence, a vessel employed in conveying
dispatches, mails, passengers, and goods, and having fixed
days of sailing; a mail boat.
[1913 Webster]
Packet boat, Packet ship, or Packet vessel. See
Packet, n., 2.
Packet day, the day for mailing letters to go by packet; or
the sailing day.
Packet note or Packet post. See under Paper.
[1913 Webster] |
Packet day
(gcide) | packet \pack"et\ (p[a^]k"[e^]t), n. [F. paquet, dim. fr. LL.
paccus, from the same source as E. pack. See Pack.]
[1913 Webster]
1. A small pack or package; a little bundle or parcel; as, a
packet of letters. --Shak.
[1913 Webster]
2. Originally, a vessel employed by government to convey
dispatches or mails; hence, a vessel employed in conveying
dispatches, mails, passengers, and goods, and having fixed
days of sailing; a mail boat.
[1913 Webster]
Packet boat, Packet ship, or Packet vessel. See
Packet, n., 2.
Packet day, the day for mailing letters to go by packet; or
the sailing day.
Packet note or Packet post. See under Paper.
[1913 Webster] |
Packet note
(gcide) | packet \pack"et\ (p[a^]k"[e^]t), n. [F. paquet, dim. fr. LL.
paccus, from the same source as E. pack. See Pack.]
[1913 Webster]
1. A small pack or package; a little bundle or parcel; as, a
packet of letters. --Shak.
[1913 Webster]
2. Originally, a vessel employed by government to convey
dispatches or mails; hence, a vessel employed in conveying
dispatches, mails, passengers, and goods, and having fixed
days of sailing; a mail boat.
[1913 Webster]
Packet boat, Packet ship, or Packet vessel. See
Packet, n., 2.
Packet day, the day for mailing letters to go by packet; or
the sailing day.
Packet note or Packet post. See under Paper.
[1913 Webster] |
Packet post
(gcide) | packet \pack"et\ (p[a^]k"[e^]t), n. [F. paquet, dim. fr. LL.
paccus, from the same source as E. pack. See Pack.]
[1913 Webster]
1. A small pack or package; a little bundle or parcel; as, a
packet of letters. --Shak.
[1913 Webster]
2. Originally, a vessel employed by government to convey
dispatches or mails; hence, a vessel employed in conveying
dispatches, mails, passengers, and goods, and having fixed
days of sailing; a mail boat.
[1913 Webster]
Packet boat, Packet ship, or Packet vessel. See
Packet, n., 2.
Packet day, the day for mailing letters to go by packet; or
the sailing day.
Packet note or Packet post. See under Paper.
[1913 Webster] |
Packet ship
(gcide) | packet \pack"et\ (p[a^]k"[e^]t), n. [F. paquet, dim. fr. LL.
paccus, from the same source as E. pack. See Pack.]
[1913 Webster]
1. A small pack or package; a little bundle or parcel; as, a
packet of letters. --Shak.
[1913 Webster]
2. Originally, a vessel employed by government to convey
dispatches or mails; hence, a vessel employed in conveying
dispatches, mails, passengers, and goods, and having fixed
days of sailing; a mail boat.
[1913 Webster]
Packet boat, Packet ship, or Packet vessel. See
Packet, n., 2.
Packet day, the day for mailing letters to go by packet; or
the sailing day.
Packet note or Packet post. See under Paper.
[1913 Webster] |
Packet vessel
(gcide) | packet \pack"et\ (p[a^]k"[e^]t), n. [F. paquet, dim. fr. LL.
paccus, from the same source as E. pack. See Pack.]
[1913 Webster]
1. A small pack or package; a little bundle or parcel; as, a
packet of letters. --Shak.
[1913 Webster]
2. Originally, a vessel employed by government to convey
dispatches or mails; hence, a vessel employed in conveying
dispatches, mails, passengers, and goods, and having fixed
days of sailing; a mail boat.
[1913 Webster]
Packet boat, Packet ship, or Packet vessel. See
Packet, n., 2.
Packet day, the day for mailing letters to go by packet; or
the sailing day.
Packet note or Packet post. See under Paper.
[1913 Webster] |
Packeted
(gcide) | Packet \Pack"et\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Packeted; p. pr. & vb.
n. Packeting.]
1. To make up into a packet or bundle.
[1913 Webster]
2. To send in a packet or dispatch vessel.
[1913 Webster]
Her husband
Was packeted to France. --Ford.
[1913 Webster] |
Packeting
(gcide) | Packet \Pack"et\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Packeted; p. pr. & vb.
n. Packeting.]
1. To make up into a packet or bundle.
[1913 Webster]
2. To send in a packet or dispatch vessel.
[1913 Webster]
Her husband
Was packeted to France. --Ford.
[1913 Webster] |
Steam packet
(gcide) | Steam \Steam\ (st[=e]m), n. [OE. stem, steem, vapor, flame, AS.
ste['a]m vapor, smoke, odor; akin to D. stoom steam, perhaps
originally, a pillar, or something rising like a pillar; cf.
Gr. sty`ein to erect, sty^los a pillar, and E. stand.]
1. The elastic, aeriform fluid into which water is converted
when heated to the boiling point; water in the state of
vapor; gaseous water.
[1913 Webster + PJC]
2. The mist formed by condensed vapor; visible vapor; -- so
called in popular usage.
[1913 Webster]
3. Any exhalation. "A steam of rich, distilled perfumes."
--Milton.
[1913 Webster]
Dry steam, steam which does not contain water held in
suspension mechanically; -- sometimes applied to
superheated steam.
Exhaust steam. See under Exhaust.
High steam, or High-pressure steam, steam of which the
pressure greatly exceeds that of the atmosphere.
Low steam, or Low-pressure steam, steam of which the
pressure is less than, equal to, or not greatly above,
that of the atmosphere.
Saturated steam, steam at the temperature of the boiling
point which corresponds to its pressure; -- sometimes also
applied to wet steam.
Superheated steam, steam heated to a temperature higher
than the boiling point corresponding to its pressure. It
can not exist in contact with water, nor contain water,
and resembles a perfect gas; -- called also {surcharged
steam}, anhydrous steam, and steam gas.
Wet steam, steam which contains water held in suspension
mechanically; -- called also misty steam.
[1913 Webster]
Note: Steam is often used adjectively, and in combination, to
denote, produced by heat, or operated by power, derived
from steam, in distinction from other sources of power;
as in steam boiler or steam-boiler, steam dredger or
steam-dredger, steam engine or steam-engine, steam
heat, steam plow or steam-plow, etc.
[1913 Webster]
Steam blower.
(a) A blower for producing a draught consisting of a jet
or jets of steam in a chimney or under a fire.
(b) A fan blower driven directly by a steam engine.
Steam boiler, a boiler for producing steam. See Boiler,
3, and Note. In the illustration, the shell a of the
boiler is partly in section, showing the tubes, or flues,
which the hot gases, from the fire beneath the boiler,
enter, after traversing the outside of the shell, and
through which the gases are led to the smoke pipe d, which
delivers them to the chimney; b is the manhole; c the
dome; e the steam pipe; f the feed and blow-off pipe; g
the safety valve; hthe water gauge.
Steam car, a car driven by steam power, or drawn by a
locomotive.
Steam carriage, a carriage upon wheels moved on common
roads by steam.
Steam casing. See Steam jacket, under Jacket.
Steam chest, the box or chamber from which steam is
distributed to the cylinder of a steam engine, steam pump,
etc., and which usually contains one or more valves; --
called also valve chest, and valve box. See Illust. of
Slide valve, under Slide.
Steam chimney, an annular chamber around the chimney of a
boiler furnace, for drying steam.
Steam coil, a coil of pipe, or a collection of connected
pipes, for containing steam; -- used for heating, drying,
etc.
Steam colors (Calico Printing), colors in which the
chemical reaction fixing the coloring matter in the fiber
is produced by steam.
Steam cylinder, the cylinder of a steam engine, which
contains the piston. See Illust. of Slide valve, under
Slide.
Steam dome (Steam Boilers), a chamber upon the top of the
boiler, from which steam is conducted to the engine. See
Illust. of Steam boiler, above.
Steam fire engine, a fire engine consisting of a steam
boiler and engine, and pump which is driven by the engine,
combined and mounted on wheels. It is usually drawn by
horses, but is sometimes made self-propelling.
Steam fitter, a fitter of steam pipes.
Steam fitting, the act or the occupation of a steam fitter;
also, a pipe fitting for steam pipes.
Steam gas. See Superheated steam, above.
Steam gauge, an instrument for indicating the pressure of
the steam in a boiler. The mercurial steam gauge is a
bent tube partially filled with mercury, one end of which
is connected with the boiler while the other is open to
the air, so that the steam by its pressure raises the
mercury in the long limb of the tube to a height
proportioned to that pressure. A more common form,
especially for high pressures, consists of a spring
pressed upon by the steam, and connected with the pointer
of a dial. The spring may be a flattened, bent tube,
closed at one end, which the entering steam tends to
straighten, or it may be a diaphragm of elastic metal, or
a mass of confined air, etc.
Steam gun, a machine or contrivance from which projectiles
may be thrown by the elastic force of steam.
Steam hammer, a hammer for forging, which is worked
directly by steam; especially, a hammer which is guided
vertically and operated by a vertical steam cylinder
located directly over an anvil. In the variety known as
Nasmyth's, the cylinder is fixed, and the hammer is
attached to the piston rod. In that known as Condie's, the
piston is fixed, and the hammer attached to the lower end
of the cylinder.
Steam heater.
(a) A radiator heated by steam.
(b) An apparatus consisting of a steam boiler, radiator,
piping, and fixures for warming a house by steam.
Steam jacket. See under Jacket.
Steam packet, a packet or vessel propelled by steam, and
running periodically between certain ports.
Steam pipe, any pipe for conveying steam; specifically, a
pipe through which steam is supplied to an engine.
Steam plow or Steam plough, a plow, or gang of plows,
moved by a steam engine.
Steam port, an opening for steam to pass through, as from
the steam chest into the cylinder.
Steam power, the force or energy of steam applied to
produce results; power derived from a steam engine.
Steam propeller. See Propeller.
Steam pump, a small pumping engine operated by steam. It is
usually direct-acting.
Steam room (Steam Boilers), the space in the boiler above
the water level, and in the dome, which contains steam.
Steam table, a table on which are dishes heated by steam
for keeping food warm in the carving room of a hotel,
restaurant, etc.
Steam trap, a self-acting device by means of which water
that accumulates in a pipe or vessel containing steam will
be discharged without permitting steam to escape.
Steam tug, a steam vessel used in towing or propelling
ships.
Steam vessel, a vessel propelled by steam; a steamboat or
steamship; a steamer.
Steam whistle, an apparatus attached to a steam boiler, as
of a locomotive, through which steam is rapidly
discharged, producing a loud whistle which serves as a
warning or a signal. The steam issues from a narrow
annular orifice around the upper edge of the lower cup or
hemisphere, striking the thin edge of the bell above it,
and producing sound in the manner of an organ pipe or a
common whistle.
[1913 Webster] |
packet boat
(wn) | packet boat
n 1: a boat for carrying mail [syn: mailboat, mail boat,
packet, packet boat] |
pay packet
(wn) | pay packet
n 1: wages enclosed in an envelope for distribution to the wage
earner [syn: pay envelope, pay packet] |
aarp probe packets
(foldoc) | AARP probe packets
AARP packets sent out on a nonextended
AppleTalk network to discover whether a randomly selected
node ID is being used by any node. If not, the sending node
uses the node ID. If so, it chooses a different ID and sends
more AARP probe packets.
(1997-05-03)
|
amateur packet radio
(foldoc) | amateur packet radio
(PR) The use of packet radio by amateurs to
communicate between computers. PR is a complete amateur radio
computer network with "digipeaters" (relays), mailboxes (BBS)
and other special nodes.
In Germany, it is on HF, say, 2m (300 and 1200 BPS), 70cm
(1200 to 9600 BPS), 23cm (normally 9600 BPS and up, currently
most links between digipeaters) and higher frequencies. There
is a KW (short wave) Packet Radio at 300 BPS, too.
Satellites with OSCAR (Orbiting Sattelite Carring Amateur
Radio) transponders (mostly attached to commercial satellites
by the AMateur SATellite (AMSAT) group) carry Packet Radio
mailboxes or digipeaters.
There are both on-line and off-line services on the packet
radio network: You can send electronic mail, read bulletins,
chat, transfer files, connect to on-line DX-Clusters (DX=far
distance) to catch notes typed in by other HAMs about the
hottest international KW connections currently coming up (so
you can pile up).
PR uses AX.25 (an X.25 derivative) as its {transport
layer} and sometimes even TCP/IP is transmitted over AX.25.
AX.25 is like X.25 but the adressing uses HAM "calls" like
"DG8MGV".
There are special "wormholes" all over the world which
"tunnel" amateur radio traffic through the Internet to
forward mail. Sometimes mails travels over satelites.
Normally amateur satellites have strange orbits, however the
mail forwarding or mailbox satellites have very predictable
orbits. Some wormholes allow HAMs to bridge from Internet to
AMPR-NET, e.g. db0fho.ampr.org or
db0fho.et-inf.fho-emden.de, but only if you are registered
HAM.
Because amateur radio is not for profit, it must not be
interconnected to the Internet but it may be connected
through the Internet. All people on the (completely free)
amateur radio net must be licensed radio amateurs and must
have a "call" which is unique all over the world.
There is a special domain AMPR.ORG (44.*.*.*) for amateur
radio reserved in the IP space. This domain is split between
countries, which can further subdivide it. For example
44.130.*.* is Germany, 44.130.58.* is Augsburg (in Bavaria),
and 44.130.58.20 is dg8mgv.ampr.org (you may verify this with
nslookup).
Mail transport is only one aspect of packet radio. You can
talk interactively (as in chat), read files, or play silly
games built in the Packet Radio software. Usually you can use
the autorouter to let the digipeater network find a path to
the station you want. However there are many (sometimes
software incompatible) digipeaters out there, which the router
cannot use. Paths over 1000 km are unlikely to be useable for
real-time communication and long paths can introduce
significant delay times (answer latency).
Other uses of amateur radio for computer communication include
RTTY (baudot), AMTOR, PACTOR, and CLOVER.
A huge hamradio archive (ftp://ftp.ucsd.edu/hamradio/).
Usenet newsgroup: news:rec.radio.amateur.packet.
(2001-05-12)
|
at attachment packet interface
(foldoc) | AT Attachment Packet Interface
ATAPI
(ATAPI) Part of the EIDE interface that provides
additional commands to control a CD-ROM drive or {magnetic
tape}.
[Winn L. Rosch "The Winn L. Rosch Hardware Bible"
(Third Edition), Sams Publishing, 1994].
(1998-11-01)
|
breath-of-life packet
(foldoc) | breath-of-life packet
(XEROX PARC) An Ethernet packet that contains
bootstrap code, periodically sent out from a working
computer to infuse the "breath of life" into any computer on
the network that has crashed. Computers depending on such
packets have sufficient hardware or firmware code to wait for
(or request) such a packet during the reboot process.
See also dickless workstation.
The notional "kiss-of-death packet", with a function
complementary to that of a breath-of-life packet, is
recommended for dealing with hosts that consume too many
network resources. Though "kiss-of-death packet" is usually
used in jest, there is at least one documented instance of an
Internet subnet with limited address-table slots in a
gateway computer in which such packets were routinely used to
compete for slots, rather like Christmas shoppers competing
for scarce parking spaces.
[Jargon File]
(1995-01-26)
|
cellular digital packet data
(foldoc) | Cellular Digital Packet Data
CDPD
(CDPD) A wireless standard
providing two-way, 19.2 kbps packet data transmission over
exisiting mobile telephone channels.
[Reference?]
(1994-12-05)
|
chernobyl packet
(foldoc) | Chernobyl packet
/cher-noh'b*l pak'*t/ A network packet that
induces a broadcast storm and/or network meltdown, named
in memory of the April 1986 nuclear accident at Chernobyl in
Ukraine.
The typical scenario involves an IP Ethernet datagram
that passes through a gateway with both source and
destination Ethernet address and IP address set as the
respective broadcast addresses for the subnetworks being gated
between.
Compare Christmas tree packet.
[Jargon File]
(2004-02-17)
|
christmas tree packet
(foldoc) | Christmas tree packet
kamikaze packet
(Or kamikaze packet) A packet with every single
option set for whatever protocol is in use. The term
doubtless derives from a fanciful image of each little option
bit being represented by a different-coloured light bulb, all
turned on.
RFC 1025, "TCP and IP Bake Off" says:
10 points for correctly being able to process a "Kamikaze"
packet (AKA nastygram, Christmas tree packet, lamp test
segment, et al.). That is, correctly handle a segment with
the maximum combination of features at once (e.g. a SYN URG
PUSH FIN segment with options and data).
Compare: Chernobyl packet.
[Jargon File]
(1994-11-09)
|
data packet
(foldoc) | packet
data packet
The unit of data sent across a network. "Packet" is a
generic term used to describe a unit of data at any layer of
the OSI protocol stack, but it is most correctly used to
describe application layer data units ("{application
protocol data unit}", APDU).
See also datagram, frame.
(1994-11-30)
|
fast packet
(foldoc) | Asynchronous Transfer Mode
ATMP
Fast Packet
(ATM, or "fast packet", "Asynchronous Transfer Mode
Protocol", ATMP) A network protocol that dynamically allocates
bandwidth between incoming channels and multiplexes them onto a
stream of fixed 53-byte packets (called "cells"). A
fixed-size packet simplifies switching and multiplexing. ATM is a
connection-oriented protocol. It can use different {physical
layer} transports including SONET, DS3, fiber or {twisted
pair}.
The ATM Forum is one of the main bodies promoting ATM.
Wideband ATM is an enhancement.
{ATM acronyms
(http://atmforum.com/atmforum/acronym_index.html)}.
{Indiana acronyms
(http://cell-relay.indiana.edu/cell-relay/FAQ/ATM-Acronyms.html)}.
[More detail? Data rate(s)?]
(1996-04-01)
|
general packet radio service
(foldoc) | General Packet Radio Service
GPRS
(GPRS) A GSM data transmission technique
that transmits and receives data in packets. This contrasts
with systems that set up a persistent channel. GPRS makes
very efficient use of available radio spectrum, and users pay
only for the volume of data sent and received.
See also: packet radio.
(1999-09-12)
|
hello packet
(foldoc) | hello packet
An OSPF packet sent
periodically on each network interface, real or virtual,
to discover and test connections to neighbours. Hello packets
are multicast on physical networks capable of multicasting
or broadcasting to enable dynamic router discovery. They
include the parameters that routers connected to a common
network must agree on.
Hello packets increase network resilience by, e.g., allowing a
router to establish a secondary connection when a primary
connection fails.
(1999-11-02)
|
inter-packet gap
(foldoc) | inter-packet gap
A time delay between successive data packets
mandated by the network standard for protocol reasons.
In Ethernet, the medium has to be "silent" (i.e., no data
transfer) for a few microseconds before a node can consider
the network idle and start to transmit. This is necessary for
fairness reasons. The delay time, which approximately equals
the signal propagation time on the cable, allows the "silence"
to reach the far end so that all nodes consider the net idle.
(1995-11-11)
|
internetwork packet exchange
(foldoc) | Internetwork Packet eXchange
IPX
(IPX) A network layer protocol initially
developed at XEROX Corporation and made popular by {Novell,
Inc.} as the basic protocol in its Novell NetWare {file
server} operating system.
A router with IPX routing can interconnect {Local Area
Networks} so that Netware clients and servers can
communicate.
The SPX transport layer protocol runs on top of IPX.
(1997-03-04)
|
kamikaze packet
(foldoc) | Christmas tree packet
kamikaze packet
(Or kamikaze packet) A packet with every single
option set for whatever protocol is in use. The term
doubtless derives from a fanciful image of each little option
bit being represented by a different-coloured light bulb, all
turned on.
RFC 1025, "TCP and IP Bake Off" says:
10 points for correctly being able to process a "Kamikaze"
packet (AKA nastygram, Christmas tree packet, lamp test
segment, et al.). That is, correctly handle a segment with
the maximum combination of features at once (e.g. a SYN URG
PUSH FIN segment with options and data).
Compare: Chernobyl packet.
[Jargon File]
(1994-11-09)
|
packet assembler/disassembler
(foldoc) | Packet Assembler/Disassembler
PAD
(PAD) Hardware or software device for splitting a data stream
into discrete packets for transmission over some medium and
then reforming the stream(s) at the receiver.
The term is most often used for interfaces to X.25 lines.
(1995-01-31)
|
packet driver
(foldoc) | packet driver
IBM PC local area network software that
divides data into packets which it routes to the network.
It also handles incoming data, reassembling the packets so
that application programs can read the data as a continuous
stream.
FTP Software created the specification for IBM PC packet
drivers but Crynwr Software dominate the market and have
done the vast majority of the implementations.
Packet drivers provide a simple, common programming interface
that allows multiple applications to share a {network
interface} at the data link layer. Packet drivers
demultiplex incoming packets among the applications by using
the network media's standard packet type or {service access
point} field(s).
The packet driver provides calls to initiate access to a
specific packet type, to end access to it, to send a packet,
to get statistics on the network interface and to get
information about the interface.
Protocol implementations that use the packet driver can
coexist and can make use of one another's services, whereas
multiple applications which do not use the driver do not
coexist on one machine properly. Through use of the packet
driver, a user could run TCP/IP, XNS and a proprietary
protocol implementation such as DECnet, Banyan's,
LifeNet's, Novell's or 3Com's without the difficulties
associated with pre-empting the network interface.
Applications which use the packet driver can also run on new
network hardware of the same class without being modified;
only a new packet driver need be supplied.
There are several levels of packet driver. The first is the
basic packet driver, which provides minimal functionality but
should be simple to implement and which uses very few host
resources. The basic driver provides operations to broadcast
and receive packets. The second driver is the extended packet
driver, which is a superset of the basic driver. The extended
driver supports less commonly used functions of the network
interface such as multicast, and also gathers statistics on
use of the interface and makes these available to the
application. The third level, the high-performance functions,
support performance improvements and tuning.
(http://crynwr.com/crynwr/home.html).
(1994-12-05)
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packet in plastic grid array
(foldoc) | Packet in Plastic Grid Array
(PPGA) The package used for
Intel's Celeron Socket 370 CPU.
[Description?]
(1999-06-24)
|
packet internet groper
(foldoc) | ping
Packet InterNet Groper
ping command
pinging
(ping, originally contrived to match
submariners' term for the sound of a returned sonar pulse) A
program written in 1983 by Mike Muuss (who also wrote TTCP)
used to test reachability of destinations by sending them one,
or repeated, ICMP echo requests and waiting for replies.
Since ping works at the IP level its server-side is often
implemented entirely within the operating system kernel
and is thus the lowest level test of whether a remote host is
alive. Ping will often respond even when higher level,
TCP-based services cannot.
Sadly, Mike Muuss was killed in a road accident on 2000-11-20.
The term is also used as a verb: "Ping host X to see if it is
up."
The Unix command "ping" can be used to do this and to
measure round-trip delays.
The funniest use of "ping" was described in January 1991 by
Steve Hayman on the Usenet group comp.sys.next. He was
trying to isolate a faulty cable segment on a TCP/IP
Ethernet hooked up to a NeXT machine. Using the sound
recording feature on the NeXT, he wrote a script that
repeatedly invoked ping, listened for an echo, and played back
the recording on each returned packet. This caused the
machine to repeat, over and over, "Ping ... ping ... ping ..."
as long as the network was up. He turned the volume to
maximum, ferreted through the building with one ear cocked,
and found a faulty tee connector in no time.
Ping did not stand for "Packet InterNet Groper", Dave Mills
offered this backronym expansion some time later.
See also ACK, ENQ, traceroute, spray.
{The Story of the Ping Program
(http://ftp.arl.mil/~mike/ping.html)}.
Unix manual page: ping(8).
(2005-06-22)
|
packet radio
(foldoc) | packet radio
The use of packet switched
communications protocols in large networks (i.e not
wireless LANs or Bluetooth) having wireless links to
terminals at least. Packet radio is split into {amateur
packet radio} (AX25) and General Packet Radio Service
(GRPS).
(2001-05-12)
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packet sniffer
(foldoc) | packet sniffer
packet sniffing
sniffer
A network monitoring utility program
that captures data
packets and decodes them using built-in knowledge of common
protocols. Sniffers are used
to help debug and monitor networking problems. A sniffer installed
as malware might capture
user names and passwords without the user's knowledge and transfer
them to a criminal.
(2022-12-07)
|
packet sniffing
(foldoc) | packet sniffer
packet sniffing
sniffer
A network monitoring utility program
that captures data
packets and decodes them using built-in knowledge of common
protocols. Sniffers are used
to help debug and monitor networking problems. A sniffer installed
as malware might capture
user names and passwords without the user's knowledge and transfer
them to a criminal.
(2022-12-07)
|
packet switch
(foldoc) | packet switching
packet switch
packet-switched
A communications paradigm in which packets
(messages or fragments of messages) are individually routed
between nodes, with no previously established communication
path. Packets are routed to their destination through the
most expedient route (as determined by some routing
algorithm). Not all packets travelling between the same two
hosts, even those from a single message, will necessarily
follow the same route.
The destination computer reassembles the packets into their
appropriate sequence. Packet switching is used to optimise
the use of the bandwidth available in a network and to
minimise the latency. X.25 is an international standard
packet switching network.
Also called connectionless. Opposite of circuit switched
or connection-oriented. See also virtual circuit,
wormhole routing.
(1999-03-30)
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packet switch node
(foldoc) | Packet Switch Node
PSN
(PSN) A dedicated computer whose purpose is to accept, route
and forward packets in a packet-switched network.
(1994-11-30)
|
packet switching
(foldoc) | packet switching
packet switch
packet-switched
A communications paradigm in which packets
(messages or fragments of messages) are individually routed
between nodes, with no previously established communication
path. Packets are routed to their destination through the
most expedient route (as determined by some routing
algorithm). Not all packets travelling between the same two
hosts, even those from a single message, will necessarily
follow the same route.
The destination computer reassembles the packets into their
appropriate sequence. Packet switching is used to optimise
the use of the bandwidth available in a network and to
minimise the latency. X.25 is an international standard
packet switching network.
Also called connectionless. Opposite of circuit switched
or connection-oriented. See also virtual circuit,
wormhole routing.
(1999-03-30)
|
packet writing
(foldoc) | packet writing
A technique for writing CD-Rs and CD-RWs that is
more efficient in both disk space used and the time it takes
to write the CD.
Adaptec's DirectCD is a packet writing recorder for {Windows
95} and Windows NT that uses the UDF version 1.5 file
system.
[Is this true? How does it work?]
(1999-09-01)
|
packet-switched
(foldoc) | packet switching
packet switch
packet-switched
A communications paradigm in which packets
(messages or fragments of messages) are individually routed
between nodes, with no previously established communication
path. Packets are routed to their destination through the
most expedient route (as determined by some routing
algorithm). Not all packets travelling between the same two
hosts, even those from a single message, will necessarily
follow the same route.
The destination computer reassembles the packets into their
appropriate sequence. Packet switching is used to optimise
the use of the bandwidth available in a network and to
minimise the latency. X.25 is an international standard
packet switching network.
Also called connectionless. Opposite of circuit switched
or connection-oriented. See also virtual circuit,
wormhole routing.
(1999-03-30)
|
sequenced packet exchange
(foldoc) | Sequenced Packet Exchange
(SPX) A transport layer protocol
built on top of IPX. SPX is used in Novell NetWare
systems for communications in client/server {application
programs}, e.g. BTRIEVE (ISAM manager).
SPX is not used for connections to the file server itself;
this uses NCP. It has been extended as SPX-II. SPX/IPX
perform equivalent functions to TCP/IP.
(http://developer.novell.com/research/appnotes/1995/december/03/04.htm).
[Better reference?]
(1999-05-27)
|
breath-of-life packet
(jargon) | breath-of-life packet
n.
[XEROX PARC] An Ethernet packet that contains bootstrap (see boot) code,
periodically sent out from a working computer to infuse the ‘breath of
life’ into any computer on the network that has happened to crash. Machines
depending on such packets have sufficient hardware or firmware code to wait
for (or request) such a packet during the reboot process. See also {
dickless workstation}.
The notional kiss-of-death packet, with a function complementary to that of
a breath-of-life packet, is recommended for dealing with hosts that consume
too many network resources. Though ‘kiss-of-death packet’ is usually used
in jest, there is at least one documented instance of an Internet subnet
with limited address-table slots in a gateway machine in which such packets
were routinely used to compete for slots, rather like Christmas shoppers
competing for scarce parking spaces.
|
chernobyl packet
(jargon) | Chernobyl packet
/cher·noh'b@l pak'@t/, n.
A network packet that induces a broadcast storm and/or {network meltdown
}, in memory of the April 1986 nuclear accident at Chernobyl in Ukraine.
The typical scenario involves an IP Ethernet datagram that passes through a
gateway with both source and destination Ether and IP address set as the
respective broadcast addresses for the subnetworks being gated between.
Compare Christmas tree packet.
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christmas tree packet
(jargon) | Christmas tree packet
n.
A packet with every single option set for whatever protocol is in use. See
kamikaze packet, Chernobyl packet. (The term doubtless derives from a
fanciful image of each little option bit being represented by a
different-colored light bulb, all turned on.) Compare Godzillagram.
|
kamikaze packet
(jargon) | kamikaze packet
n.
The ‘official’ jargon for what is more commonly called a {Christmas tree
packet}. RFC-1025, TCP and IP Bake Off says:
10 points for correctly being able to process a “Kamikaze” packet (AKA
nastygram, christmas tree packet, lamp test segment, et al.). That is,
correctly handle a segment with the maximum combination of features at
once (e.g., a SYN URG PUSH FIN segment with options and data).
See also Chernobyl packet.
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packet over air
(jargon) | packet over air
[common among backbone ISPs] The protocol notionally being used by Internet
data attempting to traverse a physical gap or break in the network, such as
might be caused by a fiber-seeking backhoe. “I see why you're dropping
packets. You seem to have a packet over air problem.”
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