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windows nt
(foldoc) | Windows NT
(Windows New Technology, NT) Microsoft's
32-bit operating system developed from what was originally
intended to be OS/2 3.0 before Microsoft and IBM ceased
joint development of OS/2. NT was designed for high end
workstations (Windows NT 3.1), servers (Windows NT 3.1
Advanced Server), and corporate networks (NT 4.0 Enterprise
Server). The first release was Windows NT 3.1.
Unlike Windows 3.1, which was a graphical environment that
ran on top of MS-DOS, Windows NT is a complete operating
system. To the user it looks like Windows 3.1, but it has
true multi-threading, built in networking, security, and
memory protection.
It is based on a microkernel, with 32-bit addressing for up
to 4Gb of RAM, virtualised hardware access to fully protect
applications, installable file systems, such as FAT, HPFS
and NTFS, built-in networking, multi-processor support,
and C2 security.
NT is also designed to be hardware independent. Once the
machine specific part - the Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL)
- has been ported to a particular machine, the rest of the
operating system should theorertically compile without
alteration. A version of NT for DEC's Alpha machines was
planned (September 1993).
NT needs a fast 386 or equivalent, at least 12MB of RAM
(preferably 16MB) and at least 75MB of free disk space.
NT 4.0 was followed by Windows 2000.
Usenet newsgroups: news:comp.os.ms-windows.nt.setup,
news:comp.os.ms-windows.nt.misc.
(2002-06-10)
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windows nt 3.1
(foldoc) | Windows NT 3.1
Microsoft's first version of {Windows
NT}, released in September 1993, price UKP 395, after having
been in beta-test for as long as anyone could remember.
The person responsible for VMS on the DEC VAX [who?] was
also responsible for Windows NT. Incrementing each letter in
VMS yields WNT.
(http://win2000mag.com/Articles/Index.cfm?ArticleID=4494).
(2000-08-12)
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windows nt 3.5
(foldoc) | Windows NT 3.5
A much improved version of Microsoft's
Windows NT 3.1. NT is now (July 1996) supplied as "Windows
NT 3.5 Workstation" and "Windows NT 3.5 Server". It has
better OLE support, higher performance and requires less
memory.
(1996-07-08)
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windows nt 4
(foldoc) | Windows NT 4
Cairo
A version of Microsoft's Windows NT
operating system, originally code named "Cairo". It was
supposed to ship in the first half of 1995. Details are
scarce, but it is intended to provide an object-oriented
version of Windows.
(1996-07-09)
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windows nt 5
(foldoc) | Windows 2000
NT5
W2K
Win2K
Windows 2K
Windows NT 5
(Win2k, W2k, NT5, Windows NT 5.0) An
operating system developed by Microsoft Corporation for
PCs and servers, as the successor to Windows NT 4.0.
Early beta versions were referred to as "Windows NT 5.0".
Windows 2000 was officially released on 2000-02-17.
Windows 2000 is most commonly used on Intel x86 and
Pentium processors, with a DEC Alpha version rumoured.
Unlike Windows NT 4.0, Windows 2000 is not available for
PowerPC or MIPS.
Windows 2000's user interface is very similar to {Windows
95} or Windows NT 4.0 with integrated Internet Explorer, or
to Windows 98.
It is available in four flavours:
- Professional: the client version, meant for desktop
workstations, successor to Windows NT Workstation.
- Server: "entry-level" server, designed for small
deployments, and departmental file, print, or intranet
servers.
- Advanced Server: high throughput, larger scale servers
and applications, and small to medium scale websites.
- Data Center Server: software for large-scale server
clusters (in development as of 2000-03-14).
New features in Windows 2000 include:
- Active Directory.
- Greatly improved built-in security mechanisms, including
Kerberos-based authentication, public key support, an
encrypting file system, and IPsec support.
- Integrated web browser - Internet Explorer 5.0.
- Integrated web server - IIS 5.0
- Terminal services for displaying application interfaces on
remote computers (similar to X-Windows).
- File protection that prevents user programs from
accidentally deleting or overwriting critical system files.
- Improved hardware support, including Plug-and-Play, DVD,
IEEE-1394 (FireWire), USB, infra-red, PCMCIA, ACPI,
laptop computers.
- Improved user interface, including a single point to control
the entire system.
- Improved management tools, including remote administration.
Minimum system requirements, according to Microsoft, are
Pentium-133 MHz CPU, 64 MB RAM, 650 MB of {hard
disk} space. These are for W2K Professional, others require
more.
Many operating systems compete with Windows 2000, including
the Apple MacOS, Linux, FreeBSD, OpenBSD, NetBSD,
Sun Solaris, IBM AIX, Hewlett-Packard HP-UX, SGI
Irix. Novell's NDS also provides a service similar to
Active Directory.
Windows 2000 will be followed by Windows XP Professional and
Windows 2002.
(http://microsoft.com/windows2000/).
(2002-01-28)
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windows nt network model
(foldoc) | Windows NT Network Model
The network model used by Windows NT. The
model has the following layers:
User Applications (e.g. Excel)
APIs
File System Drivers
TDI
Protocols
NDIS v4
NDIS Wrapper
NDIS Card Driver
Network Adapter Card
Compare OSI seven layer model.
(1997-11-05)
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