| slovo | definícia |
iron
(mass) | iron
- železný, železo, žehlička, žehliť |
Iron
(gcide) | Iron \I"ron\ ([imac]"[u^]rn), n. [OE. iren, AS. [imac]ren,
[imac]sen, [imac]sern; akin to D. ijzer, OS. [imac]sarn, OHG.
[imac]sarn, [imac]san, G. eisen, Icel. [imac]sarn, j[=a]rn,
Sw. & Dan. jern, and perh. to E. ice; cf. Ir. iarann, W.
haiarn, Armor. houarn.]
[1913 Webster]
1. (Chem.) The most common and most useful metallic element,
being of almost universal occurrence, usually in the form
of an oxide (as hematite, magnetite, etc.), or a hydrous
oxide (as limonite, turgite, etc.). It is reduced on an
enormous scale in three principal forms; viz., {cast
iron}, steel, and wrought iron. Iron usually appears
dark brown, from oxidation or impurity, but when pure, or
on a fresh surface, is a gray or white metal. It is easily
oxidized (rusted) by moisture, and is attacked by many
corrosive agents. Symbol Fe (Latin Ferrum). Atomic number
26, atomic weight 55.847. Specific gravity, pure iron,
7.86; cast iron, 7.1. In magnetic properties, it is
superior to all other substances.
[1913 Webster]
Note: The value of iron is largely due to the facility with
which it can be worked. Thus, when heated it is
malleable and ductile, and can be easily welded and
forged at a high temperature. As cast iron, it is
easily fusible; as steel, is very tough, and (when
tempered) very hard and elastic. Chemically, iron is
grouped with cobalt and nickel. Steel is a variety of
iron containing more carbon than wrought iron, but less
that cast iron. It is made either from wrought iron, by
roasting in a packing of carbon (cementation) or from
cast iron, by burning off the impurities in a Bessemer
converter (then called Bessemer steel), or directly
from the iron ore (as in the Siemens rotatory and
generating furnace).
[1913 Webster]
2. An instrument or utensil made of iron; -- chiefly in
composition; as, a flatiron, a smoothing iron, etc.
[1913 Webster]
My young soldier, put up your iron. --Shak.
[1913 Webster]
3. pl. Fetters; chains; handcuffs; manacles.
[1913 Webster]
Four of the sufferers were left to rot in irons.
--Macaulay.
[1913 Webster]
4. Strength; power; firmness; inflexibility; as, to rule with
a rod of iron.
[1913 Webster]
5. (Golf) An iron-headed club with a deep face, chiefly used
in making approaches, lifting a ball over hazards, etc.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Bar iron. See Wrought iron (below).
Bog iron, bog ore; limonite. See Bog ore, under Bog.
Cast iron (Metal.), an impure variety of iron, containing
from three to six percent of carbon, part of which is
united with a part of the iron, as a carbide, and the rest
is uncombined, as graphite. It there is little free
carbon, the product is white iron; if much of the carbon
has separated as graphite, it is called gray iron. See
also Cast iron, in the Vocabulary.
Fire irons. See under Fire, n.
Gray irons. See under Fire, n.
Gray iron. See Cast iron (above).
It irons (Naut.), said of a sailing vessel, when, in
tacking, she comes up head to the wind and will not fill
away on either tack.
Magnetic iron. See Magnetite.
Malleable iron (Metal.), iron sufficiently pure or soft to
be capable of extension under the hammer; also, specif., a
kind of iron produced by removing a portion of the carbon
or other impurities from cast iron, rendering it less
brittle, and to some extent malleable.
Meteoric iron (Chem.), iron forming a large, and often the
chief, ingredient of meteorites. It invariably contains a
small amount of nickel and cobalt. Cf. Meteorite.
Pig iron, the form in which cast iron is made at the blast
furnace, being run into molds, called pigs.
Reduced iron. See under Reduced.
Specular iron. See Hematite.
Too many irons in the fire, too many objects or tasks
requiring the attention at once.
White iron. See Cast iron (above).
Wrought iron (Metal.), the purest form of iron commonly
known in the arts, containing only about half of one per
cent of carbon. It is made either directly from the ore,
as in the Catalan forge or bloomery, or by purifying
(puddling) cast iron in a reverberatory furnace or
refinery. It is tough, malleable, and ductile. When formed
into bars, it is called bar iron.
[1913 Webster] |
Iron
(gcide) | Iron \I"ron\ ([imac]"[u^]rn), a. [AS. [imac]ren, [imac]sen. See
Iron, n.]
[1913 Webster]
1. Of, or made of iron; consisting of iron; as, an iron bar,
dust.
[1913 Webster]
2. Resembling iron in color; as, iron blackness.
[1913 Webster]
3. Like iron in hardness, strength, impenetrability, power of
endurance, insensibility, etc.; as:
(a) Rude; hard; harsh; severe.
[1913 Webster]
Iron years of wars and dangers. --Rowe.
[1913 Webster]
Jove crushed the nations with an iron rod.
--Pope.
(b) Firm; robust; enduring; as, an iron constitution.
(c) Inflexible; unrelenting; as, an iron will.
(d) Not to be broken; holding or binding fast; tenacious.
"Him death's iron sleep oppressed." --Philips.
[1913 Webster]
Note: Iron is often used in composition, denoting made of
iron, relating to iron, of or with iron; producing
iron, etc.; resembling iron, literally or figuratively,
in some of its properties or characteristics; as,
iron-shod, iron-sheathed, iron-fisted, iron-framed,
iron-handed, iron-hearted, iron foundry or
iron-foundry.
[1913 Webster]
Iron age.
(a) (Myth.) The age following the golden, silver, and
bronze ages, and characterized by a general
degeneration of talent and virtue, and of literary
excellence. In Roman literature the Iron Age is
commonly regarded as beginning after the taking of
Rome by the Goths, A. D. 410.
(b) (Arch[ae]ol.) That stage in the development of any
people characterized by the use of iron implements in
the place of the more cumbrous stone and bronze.
Iron cement, a cement for joints, composed of cast-iron
borings or filings, sal ammoniac, etc.
Iron clay (Min.), a yellowish clay containing a large
proportion of an ore of iron.
Iron cross, a German, and before that Prussian, order of
military merit; also, the decoration of the order.
Iron crown, a golden crown set with jewels, belonging
originally to the Lombard kings, and indicating the
dominion of Italy. It was so called from containing a
circle said to have been forged from one of the nails in
the cross of Christ.
Iron flint (Min.), an opaque, flintlike, ferruginous
variety of quartz.
Iron founder, a maker of iron castings.
Iron foundry, the place where iron castings are made.
Iron furnace, a furnace for reducing iron from the ore, or
for melting iron for castings, etc.; a forge; a
reverberatory; a bloomery.
Iron glance (Min.), hematite.
Iron hat, a headpiece of iron or steel, shaped like a hat
with a broad brim, and used as armor during the Middle
Ages.
Iron horse, a locomotive engine. [Colloq.]
Iron liquor, a solution of an iron salt, used as a mordant
by dyers.
Iron man (Cotton Manuf.), a name for the self-acting
spinning mule.
Iron mold or Iron mould, a yellow spot on cloth stained
by rusty iron.
Iron ore (Min.), any native compound of iron from which the
metal may be profitably extracted. The principal ores are
magnetite, hematite, siderite, limonite, G["o]thite,
turgite, and the bog and clay iron ores.
Iron pyrites (Min.), common pyrites, or pyrite. See
Pyrites.
Iron sand, an iron ore in grains, usually the magnetic iron
ore, formerly used to sand paper after writing.
Iron scale, the thin film which forms on the surface of
wrought iron in the process of forging. It consists
essentially of the magnetic oxide of iron, Fe3O4.
Iron works, a furnace where iron is smelted, or a forge,
rolling mill, or foundry, where it is made into heavy
work, such as shafting, rails, cannon, merchant bar, etc.
[1913 Webster] |
Iron
(gcide) | Iron \I"ron\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ironed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Ironing.]
[1913 Webster]
1. To smooth with an instrument of iron; especially, to
smooth, as cloth, with a heated flatiron; -- sometimes
used with out.
[1913 Webster]
2. To shackle with irons; to fetter or handcuff. "Ironed like
a malefactor." --Sir W. Scott.
[1913 Webster]
3. To furnish or arm with iron; as, to iron a wagon.
iron out differences resolve differences; settle a dispute.
[PJC] Ironbark |
iron
(gcide) | Irony \I"ron*y\, a. [From Iron.]
[1913 Webster]
1. Made or consisting of iron; partaking of iron; iron; as,
irony chains; irony particles; -- In this sense iron is
the more common term. [R.] --Woodward.
[1913 Webster +PJC]
2. Resembling iron in taste, hardness, or other physical
property.
[1913 Webster] |
iron
(elements) | iron
Symbol: Fe
Atomic number: 26
Atomic weight: 55.847
Silvery malleable and ductile metallic transition element. Has nine
isotopes and is the fourth most abundant element in the earth's crust.
Required by living organisms as a trace element (used in hemoglobin in
humans.) Quite reactive, oxidizes in moist air, displaces hydrogen from
dilute acids and combines with nonmetallic elements.
|
| | podobné slovo | definícia |
environment
(mass) | environment
- prostredie, životné prostredie |
environmental burden
(mass) | environmental burden
- záťaž |
environmentalism
(mass) | environmentalism
- ekológia |
environmentalist
(mass) | environmentalist
- ekológ |
gridiron
(mass) | gridiron
- mreža |
iron
(mass) | iron
- železný, železo, žehlička, žehliť |
iron ore
(mass) | iron ore
- železná ruda |
ironed
(mass) | ironed
- vyžehlený |
ironic
(mass) | ironic
- ironický |
irony
(mass) | irony
- irónia |
alpha-irone
(gcide) | irone \i"rone\, irones \i"rones\, n.
A fragrant liquid substance, a mixture of several isomers of
the formula C14H22O, forming the essence of the violet
fragrance, commonly isolated from orris oil or from the
rhizomes of Iris. The main ingredient in violets is
[alpha]-irone, which occurs as both cis and trans
stereoisomers. Called also 6-methylionone.
[PJC] |
Andiron
(gcide) | Andiron \And"i`ron\, n. [OE. anderne, aunderne, aundyre, OF.
andier, F. landier, fr. LL. andena, andela, anderia, of
unknown origin. The Eng. was prob. confused with brand-iron,
AS. brand-[imac]sen.]
A utensil for supporting wood when burning in a fireplace,
one being placed on each side; a firedog; as, a pair of
andirons.
[1913 Webster] |
Angle iron
(gcide) | Angle \An"gle\ ([a^][ng]"g'l), n. [F. angle, L. angulus angle,
corner; akin to uncus hook, Gr. 'agky`los bent, crooked,
angular, 'a`gkos a bend or hollow, AS. angel hook, fish-hook,
G. angel, and F. anchor.]
1. The inclosed space near the point where two lines meet; a
corner; a nook.
[1913 Webster]
Into the utmost angle of the world. --Spenser.
[1913 Webster]
To search the tenderest angles of the heart.
--Milton.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Geom.)
(a) The figure made by. two lines which meet.
(b) The difference of direction of two lines. In the lines
meet, the point of meeting is the vertex of the angle.
[1913 Webster]
3. A projecting or sharp corner; an angular fragment.
[1913 Webster]
Though but an angle reached him of the stone.
--Dryden.
[1913 Webster]
4. (Astrol.) A name given to four of the twelve astrological
"houses." [Obs.] --Chaucer.
[1913 Webster]
5. [AS. angel.] A fishhook; tackle for catching fish,
consisting of a line, hook, and bait, with or without a
rod.
[1913 Webster]
Give me mine angle: we 'll to the river there.
--Shak.
[1913 Webster]
A fisher next his trembling angle bears. --Pope.
[1913 Webster]
Acute angle, one less than a right angle, or less than
90[deg].
Adjacent or Contiguous angles, such as have one leg
common to both angles.
Alternate angles. See Alternate.
Angle bar.
(a) (Carp.) An upright bar at the angle where two faces of
a polygonal or bay window meet. --Knight.
(b) (Mach.) Same as Angle iron.
Angle bead (Arch.), a bead worked on or fixed to the angle
of any architectural work, esp. for protecting an angle of
a wall.
Angle brace, Angle tie (Carp.), a brace across an
interior angle of a wooden frame, forming the hypothenuse
and securing the two side pieces together. --Knight.
Angle iron (Mach.), a rolled bar or plate of iron having
one or more angles, used for forming the corners, or
connecting or sustaining the sides of an iron structure to
which it is riveted.
Angle leaf (Arch.), a detail in the form of a leaf, more or
less conventionalized, used to decorate and sometimes to
strengthen an angle.
Angle meter, an instrument for measuring angles, esp. for
ascertaining the dip of strata.
Angle shaft (Arch.), an enriched angle bead, often having a
capital or base, or both.
Curvilineal angle, one formed by two curved lines.
External angles, angles formed by the sides of any
right-lined figure, when the sides are produced or
lengthened.
Facial angle. See under Facial.
Internal angles, those which are within any right-lined
figure.
Mixtilineal angle, one formed by a right line with a curved
line.
Oblique angle, one acute or obtuse, in opposition to a
right angle.
Obtuse angle, one greater than a right angle, or more than
90[deg].
Optic angle. See under Optic.
Rectilineal or Right-lined angle, one formed by two right
lines.
Right angle, one formed by a right line falling on another
perpendicularly, or an angle of 90[deg] (measured by a
quarter circle).
Solid angle, the figure formed by the meeting of three or
more plane angles at one point.
Spherical angle, one made by the meeting of two arcs of
great circles, which mutually cut one another on the
surface of a globe or sphere.
Visual angle, the angle formed by two rays of light, or two
straight lines drawn from the extreme points of an object
to the center of the eye.
For Angles of commutation, draught, incidence,
reflection, refraction, position, repose, fraction,
see Commutation, Draught, Incidence, Reflection,
Refraction, etc.
[1913 Webster] |
Argillaceous iron ore
(gcide) | Argillaceous \Ar`gil*la"ceous\, a. [L. argillaceus, fr.
argilla.]
Of the nature of clay; consisting of, or containing, argil or
clay; clayey.
[1913 Webster]
Argillaceous sandstone (Geol.), a sandstone containing much
clay.
Argillaceous iron ore, the clay ironstone.
Argillaceous schist or state. See Argillite.
[1913 Webster] |
Bar iron
(gcide) | Iron \I"ron\ ([imac]"[u^]rn), n. [OE. iren, AS. [imac]ren,
[imac]sen, [imac]sern; akin to D. ijzer, OS. [imac]sarn, OHG.
[imac]sarn, [imac]san, G. eisen, Icel. [imac]sarn, j[=a]rn,
Sw. & Dan. jern, and perh. to E. ice; cf. Ir. iarann, W.
haiarn, Armor. houarn.]
[1913 Webster]
1. (Chem.) The most common and most useful metallic element,
being of almost universal occurrence, usually in the form
of an oxide (as hematite, magnetite, etc.), or a hydrous
oxide (as limonite, turgite, etc.). It is reduced on an
enormous scale in three principal forms; viz., {cast
iron}, steel, and wrought iron. Iron usually appears
dark brown, from oxidation or impurity, but when pure, or
on a fresh surface, is a gray or white metal. It is easily
oxidized (rusted) by moisture, and is attacked by many
corrosive agents. Symbol Fe (Latin Ferrum). Atomic number
26, atomic weight 55.847. Specific gravity, pure iron,
7.86; cast iron, 7.1. In magnetic properties, it is
superior to all other substances.
[1913 Webster]
Note: The value of iron is largely due to the facility with
which it can be worked. Thus, when heated it is
malleable and ductile, and can be easily welded and
forged at a high temperature. As cast iron, it is
easily fusible; as steel, is very tough, and (when
tempered) very hard and elastic. Chemically, iron is
grouped with cobalt and nickel. Steel is a variety of
iron containing more carbon than wrought iron, but less
that cast iron. It is made either from wrought iron, by
roasting in a packing of carbon (cementation) or from
cast iron, by burning off the impurities in a Bessemer
converter (then called Bessemer steel), or directly
from the iron ore (as in the Siemens rotatory and
generating furnace).
[1913 Webster]
2. An instrument or utensil made of iron; -- chiefly in
composition; as, a flatiron, a smoothing iron, etc.
[1913 Webster]
My young soldier, put up your iron. --Shak.
[1913 Webster]
3. pl. Fetters; chains; handcuffs; manacles.
[1913 Webster]
Four of the sufferers were left to rot in irons.
--Macaulay.
[1913 Webster]
4. Strength; power; firmness; inflexibility; as, to rule with
a rod of iron.
[1913 Webster]
5. (Golf) An iron-headed club with a deep face, chiefly used
in making approaches, lifting a ball over hazards, etc.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Bar iron. See Wrought iron (below).
Bog iron, bog ore; limonite. See Bog ore, under Bog.
Cast iron (Metal.), an impure variety of iron, containing
from three to six percent of carbon, part of which is
united with a part of the iron, as a carbide, and the rest
is uncombined, as graphite. It there is little free
carbon, the product is white iron; if much of the carbon
has separated as graphite, it is called gray iron. See
also Cast iron, in the Vocabulary.
Fire irons. See under Fire, n.
Gray irons. See under Fire, n.
Gray iron. See Cast iron (above).
It irons (Naut.), said of a sailing vessel, when, in
tacking, she comes up head to the wind and will not fill
away on either tack.
Magnetic iron. See Magnetite.
Malleable iron (Metal.), iron sufficiently pure or soft to
be capable of extension under the hammer; also, specif., a
kind of iron produced by removing a portion of the carbon
or other impurities from cast iron, rendering it less
brittle, and to some extent malleable.
Meteoric iron (Chem.), iron forming a large, and often the
chief, ingredient of meteorites. It invariably contains a
small amount of nickel and cobalt. Cf. Meteorite.
Pig iron, the form in which cast iron is made at the blast
furnace, being run into molds, called pigs.
Reduced iron. See under Reduced.
Specular iron. See Hematite.
Too many irons in the fire, too many objects or tasks
requiring the attention at once.
White iron. See Cast iron (above).
Wrought iron (Metal.), the purest form of iron commonly
known in the arts, containing only about half of one per
cent of carbon. It is made either directly from the ore,
as in the Catalan forge or bloomery, or by purifying
(puddling) cast iron in a reverberatory furnace or
refinery. It is tough, malleable, and ductile. When formed
into bars, it is called bar iron.
[1913 Webster]Bar iron \Bar" i`ron\
See under Iron.
[1913 Webster] |
bar iron
(gcide) | Iron \I"ron\ ([imac]"[u^]rn), n. [OE. iren, AS. [imac]ren,
[imac]sen, [imac]sern; akin to D. ijzer, OS. [imac]sarn, OHG.
[imac]sarn, [imac]san, G. eisen, Icel. [imac]sarn, j[=a]rn,
Sw. & Dan. jern, and perh. to E. ice; cf. Ir. iarann, W.
haiarn, Armor. houarn.]
[1913 Webster]
1. (Chem.) The most common and most useful metallic element,
being of almost universal occurrence, usually in the form
of an oxide (as hematite, magnetite, etc.), or a hydrous
oxide (as limonite, turgite, etc.). It is reduced on an
enormous scale in three principal forms; viz., {cast
iron}, steel, and wrought iron. Iron usually appears
dark brown, from oxidation or impurity, but when pure, or
on a fresh surface, is a gray or white metal. It is easily
oxidized (rusted) by moisture, and is attacked by many
corrosive agents. Symbol Fe (Latin Ferrum). Atomic number
26, atomic weight 55.847. Specific gravity, pure iron,
7.86; cast iron, 7.1. In magnetic properties, it is
superior to all other substances.
[1913 Webster]
Note: The value of iron is largely due to the facility with
which it can be worked. Thus, when heated it is
malleable and ductile, and can be easily welded and
forged at a high temperature. As cast iron, it is
easily fusible; as steel, is very tough, and (when
tempered) very hard and elastic. Chemically, iron is
grouped with cobalt and nickel. Steel is a variety of
iron containing more carbon than wrought iron, but less
that cast iron. It is made either from wrought iron, by
roasting in a packing of carbon (cementation) or from
cast iron, by burning off the impurities in a Bessemer
converter (then called Bessemer steel), or directly
from the iron ore (as in the Siemens rotatory and
generating furnace).
[1913 Webster]
2. An instrument or utensil made of iron; -- chiefly in
composition; as, a flatiron, a smoothing iron, etc.
[1913 Webster]
My young soldier, put up your iron. --Shak.
[1913 Webster]
3. pl. Fetters; chains; handcuffs; manacles.
[1913 Webster]
Four of the sufferers were left to rot in irons.
--Macaulay.
[1913 Webster]
4. Strength; power; firmness; inflexibility; as, to rule with
a rod of iron.
[1913 Webster]
5. (Golf) An iron-headed club with a deep face, chiefly used
in making approaches, lifting a ball over hazards, etc.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Bar iron. See Wrought iron (below).
Bog iron, bog ore; limonite. See Bog ore, under Bog.
Cast iron (Metal.), an impure variety of iron, containing
from three to six percent of carbon, part of which is
united with a part of the iron, as a carbide, and the rest
is uncombined, as graphite. It there is little free
carbon, the product is white iron; if much of the carbon
has separated as graphite, it is called gray iron. See
also Cast iron, in the Vocabulary.
Fire irons. See under Fire, n.
Gray irons. See under Fire, n.
Gray iron. See Cast iron (above).
It irons (Naut.), said of a sailing vessel, when, in
tacking, she comes up head to the wind and will not fill
away on either tack.
Magnetic iron. See Magnetite.
Malleable iron (Metal.), iron sufficiently pure or soft to
be capable of extension under the hammer; also, specif., a
kind of iron produced by removing a portion of the carbon
or other impurities from cast iron, rendering it less
brittle, and to some extent malleable.
Meteoric iron (Chem.), iron forming a large, and often the
chief, ingredient of meteorites. It invariably contains a
small amount of nickel and cobalt. Cf. Meteorite.
Pig iron, the form in which cast iron is made at the blast
furnace, being run into molds, called pigs.
Reduced iron. See under Reduced.
Specular iron. See Hematite.
Too many irons in the fire, too many objects or tasks
requiring the attention at once.
White iron. See Cast iron (above).
Wrought iron (Metal.), the purest form of iron commonly
known in the arts, containing only about half of one per
cent of carbon. It is made either directly from the ore,
as in the Catalan forge or bloomery, or by purifying
(puddling) cast iron in a reverberatory furnace or
refinery. It is tough, malleable, and ductile. When formed
into bars, it is called bar iron.
[1913 Webster]Bar iron \Bar" i`ron\
See under Iron.
[1913 Webster] |
Bar iron
(gcide) | Iron \I"ron\ ([imac]"[u^]rn), n. [OE. iren, AS. [imac]ren,
[imac]sen, [imac]sern; akin to D. ijzer, OS. [imac]sarn, OHG.
[imac]sarn, [imac]san, G. eisen, Icel. [imac]sarn, j[=a]rn,
Sw. & Dan. jern, and perh. to E. ice; cf. Ir. iarann, W.
haiarn, Armor. houarn.]
[1913 Webster]
1. (Chem.) The most common and most useful metallic element,
being of almost universal occurrence, usually in the form
of an oxide (as hematite, magnetite, etc.), or a hydrous
oxide (as limonite, turgite, etc.). It is reduced on an
enormous scale in three principal forms; viz., {cast
iron}, steel, and wrought iron. Iron usually appears
dark brown, from oxidation or impurity, but when pure, or
on a fresh surface, is a gray or white metal. It is easily
oxidized (rusted) by moisture, and is attacked by many
corrosive agents. Symbol Fe (Latin Ferrum). Atomic number
26, atomic weight 55.847. Specific gravity, pure iron,
7.86; cast iron, 7.1. In magnetic properties, it is
superior to all other substances.
[1913 Webster]
Note: The value of iron is largely due to the facility with
which it can be worked. Thus, when heated it is
malleable and ductile, and can be easily welded and
forged at a high temperature. As cast iron, it is
easily fusible; as steel, is very tough, and (when
tempered) very hard and elastic. Chemically, iron is
grouped with cobalt and nickel. Steel is a variety of
iron containing more carbon than wrought iron, but less
that cast iron. It is made either from wrought iron, by
roasting in a packing of carbon (cementation) or from
cast iron, by burning off the impurities in a Bessemer
converter (then called Bessemer steel), or directly
from the iron ore (as in the Siemens rotatory and
generating furnace).
[1913 Webster]
2. An instrument or utensil made of iron; -- chiefly in
composition; as, a flatiron, a smoothing iron, etc.
[1913 Webster]
My young soldier, put up your iron. --Shak.
[1913 Webster]
3. pl. Fetters; chains; handcuffs; manacles.
[1913 Webster]
Four of the sufferers were left to rot in irons.
--Macaulay.
[1913 Webster]
4. Strength; power; firmness; inflexibility; as, to rule with
a rod of iron.
[1913 Webster]
5. (Golf) An iron-headed club with a deep face, chiefly used
in making approaches, lifting a ball over hazards, etc.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Bar iron. See Wrought iron (below).
Bog iron, bog ore; limonite. See Bog ore, under Bog.
Cast iron (Metal.), an impure variety of iron, containing
from three to six percent of carbon, part of which is
united with a part of the iron, as a carbide, and the rest
is uncombined, as graphite. It there is little free
carbon, the product is white iron; if much of the carbon
has separated as graphite, it is called gray iron. See
also Cast iron, in the Vocabulary.
Fire irons. See under Fire, n.
Gray irons. See under Fire, n.
Gray iron. See Cast iron (above).
It irons (Naut.), said of a sailing vessel, when, in
tacking, she comes up head to the wind and will not fill
away on either tack.
Magnetic iron. See Magnetite.
Malleable iron (Metal.), iron sufficiently pure or soft to
be capable of extension under the hammer; also, specif., a
kind of iron produced by removing a portion of the carbon
or other impurities from cast iron, rendering it less
brittle, and to some extent malleable.
Meteoric iron (Chem.), iron forming a large, and often the
chief, ingredient of meteorites. It invariably contains a
small amount of nickel and cobalt. Cf. Meteorite.
Pig iron, the form in which cast iron is made at the blast
furnace, being run into molds, called pigs.
Reduced iron. See under Reduced.
Specular iron. See Hematite.
Too many irons in the fire, too many objects or tasks
requiring the attention at once.
White iron. See Cast iron (above).
Wrought iron (Metal.), the purest form of iron commonly
known in the arts, containing only about half of one per
cent of carbon. It is made either directly from the ore,
as in the Catalan forge or bloomery, or by purifying
(puddling) cast iron in a reverberatory furnace or
refinery. It is tough, malleable, and ductile. When formed
into bars, it is called bar iron.
[1913 Webster]Bar iron \Bar" i`ron\
See under Iron.
[1913 Webster] |
Barking irons
(gcide) | Barking irons \Bark"ing i`rons\
1. Instruments used in taking off the bark of trees.
--Gardner.
[1913 Webster]
2. A pair of pistols. [Slang]
[1913 Webster] |
Beakiron
(gcide) | Beakiron \Beak"i*ron\, n. [From Bickern.]
A bickern; a bench anvil with a long beak, adapted to reach
the interior surfaces of sheet metal ware; the horn of an
anvil.
[1913 Webster] |
Berlin iron
(gcide) | Berlin \Ber"lin\, n. [The capital of Germany]
1. A four-wheeled carriage, having a sheltered seat behind
the body and separate from it, invented in the 17th
century, at Berlin.
[1913 Webster]
2. Fine worsted for fancy-work; zephyr worsted; -- called
also Berlin wool.
[1913 Webster]
Berlin black, a black varnish, drying with almost a dead
surface; -- used for coating the better kinds of ironware.
--Ure.
Berlin blue, Prussian blue. --Ure.
Berlin green, a complex cyanide of iron, used as a green
dye, and similar to Prussian blue.
Berlin iron, a very fusible variety of cast iron, from
which figures and other delicate articles are
manufactured. These are often stained or lacquered in
imitation of bronze.
Berlin shop, a shop for the sale of worsted embroidery and
the materials for such work.
Berlin work, worsted embroidery.
[1913 Webster] Berm |
Bog iron
(gcide) | Iron \I"ron\ ([imac]"[u^]rn), n. [OE. iren, AS. [imac]ren,
[imac]sen, [imac]sern; akin to D. ijzer, OS. [imac]sarn, OHG.
[imac]sarn, [imac]san, G. eisen, Icel. [imac]sarn, j[=a]rn,
Sw. & Dan. jern, and perh. to E. ice; cf. Ir. iarann, W.
haiarn, Armor. houarn.]
[1913 Webster]
1. (Chem.) The most common and most useful metallic element,
being of almost universal occurrence, usually in the form
of an oxide (as hematite, magnetite, etc.), or a hydrous
oxide (as limonite, turgite, etc.). It is reduced on an
enormous scale in three principal forms; viz., {cast
iron}, steel, and wrought iron. Iron usually appears
dark brown, from oxidation or impurity, but when pure, or
on a fresh surface, is a gray or white metal. It is easily
oxidized (rusted) by moisture, and is attacked by many
corrosive agents. Symbol Fe (Latin Ferrum). Atomic number
26, atomic weight 55.847. Specific gravity, pure iron,
7.86; cast iron, 7.1. In magnetic properties, it is
superior to all other substances.
[1913 Webster]
Note: The value of iron is largely due to the facility with
which it can be worked. Thus, when heated it is
malleable and ductile, and can be easily welded and
forged at a high temperature. As cast iron, it is
easily fusible; as steel, is very tough, and (when
tempered) very hard and elastic. Chemically, iron is
grouped with cobalt and nickel. Steel is a variety of
iron containing more carbon than wrought iron, but less
that cast iron. It is made either from wrought iron, by
roasting in a packing of carbon (cementation) or from
cast iron, by burning off the impurities in a Bessemer
converter (then called Bessemer steel), or directly
from the iron ore (as in the Siemens rotatory and
generating furnace).
[1913 Webster]
2. An instrument or utensil made of iron; -- chiefly in
composition; as, a flatiron, a smoothing iron, etc.
[1913 Webster]
My young soldier, put up your iron. --Shak.
[1913 Webster]
3. pl. Fetters; chains; handcuffs; manacles.
[1913 Webster]
Four of the sufferers were left to rot in irons.
--Macaulay.
[1913 Webster]
4. Strength; power; firmness; inflexibility; as, to rule with
a rod of iron.
[1913 Webster]
5. (Golf) An iron-headed club with a deep face, chiefly used
in making approaches, lifting a ball over hazards, etc.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Bar iron. See Wrought iron (below).
Bog iron, bog ore; limonite. See Bog ore, under Bog.
Cast iron (Metal.), an impure variety of iron, containing
from three to six percent of carbon, part of which is
united with a part of the iron, as a carbide, and the rest
is uncombined, as graphite. It there is little free
carbon, the product is white iron; if much of the carbon
has separated as graphite, it is called gray iron. See
also Cast iron, in the Vocabulary.
Fire irons. See under Fire, n.
Gray irons. See under Fire, n.
Gray iron. See Cast iron (above).
It irons (Naut.), said of a sailing vessel, when, in
tacking, she comes up head to the wind and will not fill
away on either tack.
Magnetic iron. See Magnetite.
Malleable iron (Metal.), iron sufficiently pure or soft to
be capable of extension under the hammer; also, specif., a
kind of iron produced by removing a portion of the carbon
or other impurities from cast iron, rendering it less
brittle, and to some extent malleable.
Meteoric iron (Chem.), iron forming a large, and often the
chief, ingredient of meteorites. It invariably contains a
small amount of nickel and cobalt. Cf. Meteorite.
Pig iron, the form in which cast iron is made at the blast
furnace, being run into molds, called pigs.
Reduced iron. See under Reduced.
Specular iron. See Hematite.
Too many irons in the fire, too many objects or tasks
requiring the attention at once.
White iron. See Cast iron (above).
Wrought iron (Metal.), the purest form of iron commonly
known in the arts, containing only about half of one per
cent of carbon. It is made either directly from the ore,
as in the Catalan forge or bloomery, or by purifying
(puddling) cast iron in a reverberatory furnace or
refinery. It is tough, malleable, and ductile. When formed
into bars, it is called bar iron.
[1913 Webster] |
Boiler iron
(gcide) | Boiler \Boil"er\, n.
1. One who boils.
[1913 Webster]
2. A vessel in which any thing is boiled.
[1913 Webster]
Note: The word boiler is a generic term covering a great
variety of kettles, saucepans, clothes boilers,
evaporators, coppers, retorts, etc.
[1913 Webster]
3. (Mech.) A strong metallic vessel, usually of wrought iron
plates riveted together, or a composite structure
variously formed, in which steam is generated for driving
engines, or for heating, cooking, or other purposes.
[1913 Webster]
Note: The earliest steam boilers were usually spheres or
sections of spheres, heated wholly from the outside.
Watt used the wagon boiler (shaped like the top of a
covered wagon) which is still used with low pressures.
Most of the boilers in present use may be classified as
plain cylinder boilers, flue boilers, sectional and
tubular boilers.
[1913 Webster]
Barrel of a boiler, the cylindrical part containing the
flues.
Boiler plate, Boiler iron, plate or rolled iron of about
a quarter to a half inch in thickness, used for making
boilers and tanks, for covering ships, etc.
Cylinder boiler, one which consists of a single iron
cylinder.
Flue boilers are usually single shells containing a small
number of large flues, through which the heat either
passes from the fire or returns to the chimney, and
sometimes containing a fire box inclosed by water.
Locomotive boiler, a boiler which contains an inclosed fire
box and a large number of small flues leading to the
chimney.
Multiflue boiler. Same as Tubular boiler, below.
Sectional boiler, a boiler composed of a number of
sections, which are usually of small capacity and similar
to, and connected with, each other. By multiplication of
the sections a boiler of any desired capacity can be built
up.
Tubular boiler, a boiler containing tubes which form flues,
and are surrounded by the water contained in the boiler.
See Illust. of Steam boiler, under Steam.
Tubulous boiler. See under Tubulous. See Tube, n., 6,
and 1st Flue.
[1913 Webster] |
Boom iron
(gcide) | Boom \Boom\ (b[=oo]m), n. [D. boom tree, pole, beam, bar. See
Beam.]
1. (Naut.) A long pole or spar, run out for the purpose of
extending the bottom of a particular sail; as, the jib
boom, the studding-sail boom, etc.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Mech.) A long spar or beam, projecting from the mast of a
derrick, from the outer end of which the body to be lifted
is suspended.
[1913 Webster]
3. A pole with a conspicuous top, set up to mark the channel
in a river or harbor. [Obs.]
[1913 Webster]
4. (Mil. & Naval) A strong chain cable, or line of spars
bound together, extended across a river or the mouth of a
harbor, to obstruct navigation or passage.
[1913 Webster]
5. (Lumbering) A line of connected floating timbers stretched
across a river, or inclosing an area of water, to keep saw
logs, etc., from floating away.
[1913 Webster]
Boom iron, one of the iron rings on the yards through which
the studding-sail booms traverse.
The booms, that space on the upper deck of a ship between
the foremast and mainmast, where the boats, spare spars,
etc., are stowed. --Totten.
[1913 Webster] |
Box-iron
(gcide) | Box-iron \Box"-i`ron\, n.
A hollow smoothing iron containing a heater within.
[1913 Webster] |
Brand iron
(gcide) | Brand iron \Brand" i`ron\
1. A branding iron.
[1913 Webster]
2. A trivet to set a pot on. --Huloet.
[1913 Webster]
3. The horizontal bar of an andiron.
[1913 Webster] |
Branding iron
(gcide) | Branding iron \Brand"ing i`*ron\
An iron to brand with.
[1913 Webster] |
Bridle iron
(gcide) | Bridle iron \Bri"dle i`ron\ (Arch.)
A strong flat bar of iron, so bent as to support, as in a
stirrup, one end of a floor timber, etc., where no sufficient
bearing can be had; -- called also stirrup and hanger.
[1913 Webster] |
Brown iron ore
(gcide) | Brown \Brown\ (broun), a. [Compar. Browner; superl.
Brownest.] [OE. brun, broun, AS. br?n; akin to D. bruin,
OHG. br?n, Icel. br?nn, Sw. brun, Dan. bruun, G. braun, Lith.
brunas, Skr. babhru. [root]93, 253. Cf. Bruin, Beaver,
Burnish, Brunette.]
Of a dark color, of various shades between black and red or
yellow.
[1913 Webster]
Cheeks brown as the oak leaves. --Longfellow.
[1913 Webster]
Brown Bess, the old regulation flintlock smoothbore musket,
with bronzed barrel, formerly used in the British army.
Brown bread
(a) Dark colored bread; esp. a kind made of unbolted wheat
flour, sometimes called in the United States Graham
bread. "He would mouth with a beggar though she smelt
brown bread and garlic." --Shak.
(b) Dark colored bread made of rye meal and Indian meal, or
of wheat and rye or Indian; rye and Indian bread. [U.S.]
Brown coal, wood coal. See Lignite.
Brown hematite or Brown iron ore (Min.), the hydrous iron
oxide, limonite, which has a brown streak. See Limonite.
Brown holland. See under Holland.
Brown paper, dark colored paper, esp. coarse wrapping
paper, made of unbleached materials.
Brown spar (Min.), a ferruginous variety of dolomite, in
part identical with ankerite.
Brown stone. See Brownstone.
Brown stout, a strong kind of porter or malt liquor.
Brown study, a state of mental abstraction or serious
reverie. --W. Irving.
[1913 Webster] |
Bucking iron
(gcide) | Bucking \Buck"ing\, n.
1. The act or process of soaking or boiling cloth in an
alkaline liquid in the operation of bleaching; also, the
liquid used. --Tomlinson.
[1913 Webster]
2. A washing.
[1913 Webster]
3. The process of breaking up or pulverizing ores.
[1913 Webster]
Bucking iron (Mining), a broad-faced hammer, used in
bucking or breaking up ores.
Bucking kier (Manuf.), a large circular boiler, or kier,
used in bleaching.
Bucking stool, a washing block.
[1913 Webster] |
Burling iron
(gcide) | Burl \Burl\ (b[^u]rl), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Burled (b[^u]rld);
p. pr. & vb. n. Burling.] [OE. burle stuffing, or a knot in
cloth; cf. F. bourlet, bourrelet, OF. bourel, a wreath or a
roll of cloth, linen, or leather, stuffed with flocks, etc.,
dim. of bourre. [root]92. See Bur.]
To dress or finish up (cloth); to pick knots, burs, loose
threads, etc., from, as in finishing cloth.
[1913 Webster]
Burling iron, a peculiar kind of nippers or tweezers used
in burling woolen cloth.
[1913 Webster] |
Calking iron
(gcide) | Calking \Calk"ing\, n.
The act or process of making seems tight, as in ships, or of
furnishing with calks, as a shoe, or copying, as a drawing.
[1913 Webster]
Calking iron, a tool like a chisel, used in calking ships,
tightening seams in ironwork, etc.
[1913 Webster]
Their left hand does the calking iron guide.
--Dryden.
[1913 Webster] |
Cast iron
(gcide) | Iron \I"ron\ ([imac]"[u^]rn), n. [OE. iren, AS. [imac]ren,
[imac]sen, [imac]sern; akin to D. ijzer, OS. [imac]sarn, OHG.
[imac]sarn, [imac]san, G. eisen, Icel. [imac]sarn, j[=a]rn,
Sw. & Dan. jern, and perh. to E. ice; cf. Ir. iarann, W.
haiarn, Armor. houarn.]
[1913 Webster]
1. (Chem.) The most common and most useful metallic element,
being of almost universal occurrence, usually in the form
of an oxide (as hematite, magnetite, etc.), or a hydrous
oxide (as limonite, turgite, etc.). It is reduced on an
enormous scale in three principal forms; viz., {cast
iron}, steel, and wrought iron. Iron usually appears
dark brown, from oxidation or impurity, but when pure, or
on a fresh surface, is a gray or white metal. It is easily
oxidized (rusted) by moisture, and is attacked by many
corrosive agents. Symbol Fe (Latin Ferrum). Atomic number
26, atomic weight 55.847. Specific gravity, pure iron,
7.86; cast iron, 7.1. In magnetic properties, it is
superior to all other substances.
[1913 Webster]
Note: The value of iron is largely due to the facility with
which it can be worked. Thus, when heated it is
malleable and ductile, and can be easily welded and
forged at a high temperature. As cast iron, it is
easily fusible; as steel, is very tough, and (when
tempered) very hard and elastic. Chemically, iron is
grouped with cobalt and nickel. Steel is a variety of
iron containing more carbon than wrought iron, but less
that cast iron. It is made either from wrought iron, by
roasting in a packing of carbon (cementation) or from
cast iron, by burning off the impurities in a Bessemer
converter (then called Bessemer steel), or directly
from the iron ore (as in the Siemens rotatory and
generating furnace).
[1913 Webster]
2. An instrument or utensil made of iron; -- chiefly in
composition; as, a flatiron, a smoothing iron, etc.
[1913 Webster]
My young soldier, put up your iron. --Shak.
[1913 Webster]
3. pl. Fetters; chains; handcuffs; manacles.
[1913 Webster]
Four of the sufferers were left to rot in irons.
--Macaulay.
[1913 Webster]
4. Strength; power; firmness; inflexibility; as, to rule with
a rod of iron.
[1913 Webster]
5. (Golf) An iron-headed club with a deep face, chiefly used
in making approaches, lifting a ball over hazards, etc.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Bar iron. See Wrought iron (below).
Bog iron, bog ore; limonite. See Bog ore, under Bog.
Cast iron (Metal.), an impure variety of iron, containing
from three to six percent of carbon, part of which is
united with a part of the iron, as a carbide, and the rest
is uncombined, as graphite. It there is little free
carbon, the product is white iron; if much of the carbon
has separated as graphite, it is called gray iron. See
also Cast iron, in the Vocabulary.
Fire irons. See under Fire, n.
Gray irons. See under Fire, n.
Gray iron. See Cast iron (above).
It irons (Naut.), said of a sailing vessel, when, in
tacking, she comes up head to the wind and will not fill
away on either tack.
Magnetic iron. See Magnetite.
Malleable iron (Metal.), iron sufficiently pure or soft to
be capable of extension under the hammer; also, specif., a
kind of iron produced by removing a portion of the carbon
or other impurities from cast iron, rendering it less
brittle, and to some extent malleable.
Meteoric iron (Chem.), iron forming a large, and often the
chief, ingredient of meteorites. It invariably contains a
small amount of nickel and cobalt. Cf. Meteorite.
Pig iron, the form in which cast iron is made at the blast
furnace, being run into molds, called pigs.
Reduced iron. See under Reduced.
Specular iron. See Hematite.
Too many irons in the fire, too many objects or tasks
requiring the attention at once.
White iron. See Cast iron (above).
Wrought iron (Metal.), the purest form of iron commonly
known in the arts, containing only about half of one per
cent of carbon. It is made either directly from the ore,
as in the Catalan forge or bloomery, or by purifying
(puddling) cast iron in a reverberatory furnace or
refinery. It is tough, malleable, and ductile. When formed
into bars, it is called bar iron.
[1913 Webster]Cast iron \Cast" i`ron\
Highly carbonized iron, the direct product of the blast
furnace; -- used for making castings, and for conversion into
wrought iron and steel. It can not be welded or forged, is
brittle, and sometimes very hard. Besides carbon, it contains
sulphur, phosphorus, silica, etc.
[1913 Webster] |
cast iron
(gcide) | Iron \I"ron\ ([imac]"[u^]rn), n. [OE. iren, AS. [imac]ren,
[imac]sen, [imac]sern; akin to D. ijzer, OS. [imac]sarn, OHG.
[imac]sarn, [imac]san, G. eisen, Icel. [imac]sarn, j[=a]rn,
Sw. & Dan. jern, and perh. to E. ice; cf. Ir. iarann, W.
haiarn, Armor. houarn.]
[1913 Webster]
1. (Chem.) The most common and most useful metallic element,
being of almost universal occurrence, usually in the form
of an oxide (as hematite, magnetite, etc.), or a hydrous
oxide (as limonite, turgite, etc.). It is reduced on an
enormous scale in three principal forms; viz., {cast
iron}, steel, and wrought iron. Iron usually appears
dark brown, from oxidation or impurity, but when pure, or
on a fresh surface, is a gray or white metal. It is easily
oxidized (rusted) by moisture, and is attacked by many
corrosive agents. Symbol Fe (Latin Ferrum). Atomic number
26, atomic weight 55.847. Specific gravity, pure iron,
7.86; cast iron, 7.1. In magnetic properties, it is
superior to all other substances.
[1913 Webster]
Note: The value of iron is largely due to the facility with
which it can be worked. Thus, when heated it is
malleable and ductile, and can be easily welded and
forged at a high temperature. As cast iron, it is
easily fusible; as steel, is very tough, and (when
tempered) very hard and elastic. Chemically, iron is
grouped with cobalt and nickel. Steel is a variety of
iron containing more carbon than wrought iron, but less
that cast iron. It is made either from wrought iron, by
roasting in a packing of carbon (cementation) or from
cast iron, by burning off the impurities in a Bessemer
converter (then called Bessemer steel), or directly
from the iron ore (as in the Siemens rotatory and
generating furnace).
[1913 Webster]
2. An instrument or utensil made of iron; -- chiefly in
composition; as, a flatiron, a smoothing iron, etc.
[1913 Webster]
My young soldier, put up your iron. --Shak.
[1913 Webster]
3. pl. Fetters; chains; handcuffs; manacles.
[1913 Webster]
Four of the sufferers were left to rot in irons.
--Macaulay.
[1913 Webster]
4. Strength; power; firmness; inflexibility; as, to rule with
a rod of iron.
[1913 Webster]
5. (Golf) An iron-headed club with a deep face, chiefly used
in making approaches, lifting a ball over hazards, etc.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Bar iron. See Wrought iron (below).
Bog iron, bog ore; limonite. See Bog ore, under Bog.
Cast iron (Metal.), an impure variety of iron, containing
from three to six percent of carbon, part of which is
united with a part of the iron, as a carbide, and the rest
is uncombined, as graphite. It there is little free
carbon, the product is white iron; if much of the carbon
has separated as graphite, it is called gray iron. See
also Cast iron, in the Vocabulary.
Fire irons. See under Fire, n.
Gray irons. See under Fire, n.
Gray iron. See Cast iron (above).
It irons (Naut.), said of a sailing vessel, when, in
tacking, she comes up head to the wind and will not fill
away on either tack.
Magnetic iron. See Magnetite.
Malleable iron (Metal.), iron sufficiently pure or soft to
be capable of extension under the hammer; also, specif., a
kind of iron produced by removing a portion of the carbon
or other impurities from cast iron, rendering it less
brittle, and to some extent malleable.
Meteoric iron (Chem.), iron forming a large, and often the
chief, ingredient of meteorites. It invariably contains a
small amount of nickel and cobalt. Cf. Meteorite.
Pig iron, the form in which cast iron is made at the blast
furnace, being run into molds, called pigs.
Reduced iron. See under Reduced.
Specular iron. See Hematite.
Too many irons in the fire, too many objects or tasks
requiring the attention at once.
White iron. See Cast iron (above).
Wrought iron (Metal.), the purest form of iron commonly
known in the arts, containing only about half of one per
cent of carbon. It is made either directly from the ore,
as in the Catalan forge or bloomery, or by purifying
(puddling) cast iron in a reverberatory furnace or
refinery. It is tough, malleable, and ductile. When formed
into bars, it is called bar iron.
[1913 Webster]Cast iron \Cast" i`ron\
Highly carbonized iron, the direct product of the blast
furnace; -- used for making castings, and for conversion into
wrought iron and steel. It can not be welded or forged, is
brittle, and sometimes very hard. Besides carbon, it contains
sulphur, phosphorus, silica, etc.
[1913 Webster] |
Cast iron
(gcide) | Iron \I"ron\ ([imac]"[u^]rn), n. [OE. iren, AS. [imac]ren,
[imac]sen, [imac]sern; akin to D. ijzer, OS. [imac]sarn, OHG.
[imac]sarn, [imac]san, G. eisen, Icel. [imac]sarn, j[=a]rn,
Sw. & Dan. jern, and perh. to E. ice; cf. Ir. iarann, W.
haiarn, Armor. houarn.]
[1913 Webster]
1. (Chem.) The most common and most useful metallic element,
being of almost universal occurrence, usually in the form
of an oxide (as hematite, magnetite, etc.), or a hydrous
oxide (as limonite, turgite, etc.). It is reduced on an
enormous scale in three principal forms; viz., {cast
iron}, steel, and wrought iron. Iron usually appears
dark brown, from oxidation or impurity, but when pure, or
on a fresh surface, is a gray or white metal. It is easily
oxidized (rusted) by moisture, and is attacked by many
corrosive agents. Symbol Fe (Latin Ferrum). Atomic number
26, atomic weight 55.847. Specific gravity, pure iron,
7.86; cast iron, 7.1. In magnetic properties, it is
superior to all other substances.
[1913 Webster]
Note: The value of iron is largely due to the facility with
which it can be worked. Thus, when heated it is
malleable and ductile, and can be easily welded and
forged at a high temperature. As cast iron, it is
easily fusible; as steel, is very tough, and (when
tempered) very hard and elastic. Chemically, iron is
grouped with cobalt and nickel. Steel is a variety of
iron containing more carbon than wrought iron, but less
that cast iron. It is made either from wrought iron, by
roasting in a packing of carbon (cementation) or from
cast iron, by burning off the impurities in a Bessemer
converter (then called Bessemer steel), or directly
from the iron ore (as in the Siemens rotatory and
generating furnace).
[1913 Webster]
2. An instrument or utensil made of iron; -- chiefly in
composition; as, a flatiron, a smoothing iron, etc.
[1913 Webster]
My young soldier, put up your iron. --Shak.
[1913 Webster]
3. pl. Fetters; chains; handcuffs; manacles.
[1913 Webster]
Four of the sufferers were left to rot in irons.
--Macaulay.
[1913 Webster]
4. Strength; power; firmness; inflexibility; as, to rule with
a rod of iron.
[1913 Webster]
5. (Golf) An iron-headed club with a deep face, chiefly used
in making approaches, lifting a ball over hazards, etc.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Bar iron. See Wrought iron (below).
Bog iron, bog ore; limonite. See Bog ore, under Bog.
Cast iron (Metal.), an impure variety of iron, containing
from three to six percent of carbon, part of which is
united with a part of the iron, as a carbide, and the rest
is uncombined, as graphite. It there is little free
carbon, the product is white iron; if much of the carbon
has separated as graphite, it is called gray iron. See
also Cast iron, in the Vocabulary.
Fire irons. See under Fire, n.
Gray irons. See under Fire, n.
Gray iron. See Cast iron (above).
It irons (Naut.), said of a sailing vessel, when, in
tacking, she comes up head to the wind and will not fill
away on either tack.
Magnetic iron. See Magnetite.
Malleable iron (Metal.), iron sufficiently pure or soft to
be capable of extension under the hammer; also, specif., a
kind of iron produced by removing a portion of the carbon
or other impurities from cast iron, rendering it less
brittle, and to some extent malleable.
Meteoric iron (Chem.), iron forming a large, and often the
chief, ingredient of meteorites. It invariably contains a
small amount of nickel and cobalt. Cf. Meteorite.
Pig iron, the form in which cast iron is made at the blast
furnace, being run into molds, called pigs.
Reduced iron. See under Reduced.
Specular iron. See Hematite.
Too many irons in the fire, too many objects or tasks
requiring the attention at once.
White iron. See Cast iron (above).
Wrought iron (Metal.), the purest form of iron commonly
known in the arts, containing only about half of one per
cent of carbon. It is made either directly from the ore,
as in the Catalan forge or bloomery, or by purifying
(puddling) cast iron in a reverberatory furnace or
refinery. It is tough, malleable, and ductile. When formed
into bars, it is called bar iron.
[1913 Webster]Cast iron \Cast" i`ron\
Highly carbonized iron, the direct product of the blast
furnace; -- used for making castings, and for conversion into
wrought iron and steel. It can not be welded or forged, is
brittle, and sometimes very hard. Besides carbon, it contains
sulphur, phosphorus, silica, etc.
[1913 Webster] |
Cast-iron
(gcide) | Cast-iron \Cast"-i`ron\, a.
Made of cast iron. Hence, Fig.: like cast iron; hardy;
unyielding.
[1913 Webster] |
Channel iron
(gcide) | Channel \Chan"nel\ (ch[a^]n"n[e^]l), n. [OE. chanel, canel, OF.
chanel, F. chenel, fr. L. canalis. See Canal.]
1. The hollow bed where a stream of water runs or may run.
[1913 Webster]
2. The deeper part of a river, harbor, strait, etc., where
the main current flows, or which affords the best and
safest passage for vessels.
[1913 Webster]
3. (Geog.) A strait, or narrow sea, between two portions of
lands; as, the British Channel.
[1913 Webster]
4. That through which anything passes; a means of passing,
conveying, or transmitting; as, the news was conveyed to
us by different channels.
[1913 Webster]
The veins are converging channels. --Dalton.
[1913 Webster]
At best, he is but a channel to convey to the
National assembly such matter as may import that
body to know. --Burke.
[1913 Webster]
5. A gutter; a groove, as in a fluted column.
[1913 Webster]
6. pl. [Cf. Chain wales.] (Naut.) Flat ledges of heavy
plank bolted edgewise to the outside of a vessel, to
increase the spread of the shrouds and carry them clear of
the bulwarks.
[1913 Webster]
7. pl. official routes of communication, especially the
official means by which information should be transmitted
in a bureaucracy; as, to submit a request through
channels; you have to go through channels.
[PJC]
8. a band of electromagnetic wave frequencies that is used
for one-way or two-way radio communication; especially,
the frequency bands assigned by the FTC for use in
television broadcasting, and designated by a specific
number; as, channel 2 in New York is owned by CBS.
[PJC]
9. one of the signals in an electronic device which receives
or sends more than one signal simultaneously, as in
stereophonic radios, records, or CD players, or in
measuring equipment which gathers multiple measurements
simultaneously.
[PJC]
10. (Cell biology) an opening in a cell membrane which serves
to actively transport or allow passive transport of
substances across the membrane; as, an ion channel in a
nerve cell.
[PJC]
11. (Computers) a path for transmission of signals between
devices within a computer or between a computer and an
external device; as, a DMA channel.
[PJC]
Channel bar, Channel iron (Arch.), an iron bar or beam
having a section resembling a flat gutter or channel.
Channel bill (Zool.), a very large Australian cuckoo
(Scythrops Nov[ae]hollandi[ae].
Channel goose. (Zool.) See Gannet.
[1913 Webster] |
Chinsing iron
(gcide) | Chinse \Chinse\, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Chinsed; p. pr. &
vb. n. Chinsing.] (Naut.)
To thrust oakum into (seams or chinks) with a chisel, the
point of a knife, or a chinsing iron; to calk slightly.
[1913 Webster]
Chinsing iron, a light calking iron.
[1913 Webster] |
Chironectes variegatus
(gcide) | Opossum \O*pos"sum\, n. [Of N. American Indian origin.] (Zool.)
Any American marsupial of the genera Didelphys and
Chironectes; called also possum. The common species of
the United States is Didelphys Virginiana.
[1913 Webster]
Note: Several related species are found in South America. The
water opossum of Brazil (Chironectes variegatus),
which has the hind feet, webbed, is provided with a
marsupial pouch and with cheek pouches. It is called
also yapock.
[1913 Webster]
Opossum mouse. (Zool.) See Flying mouse, under Flying.
Opossum shrimp (Zool.), any schizopod crustacean of the
genus Mysis and allied genera. See Schizopoda.
[1913 Webster]Yapock \Ya"pock\ (?; 277), n. [Probably from the river Oyapok,
between French Guiana and Brazil.] (Zool.)
A South American aquatic opossum (Chironectes variegatus)
found in Guiana and Brazil. Its hind feet are webbed, and its
fore feet do not have an opposable thumb for climbing. Called
also water opossum. [Written also yapack.]
[1913 Webster]
[1913 Webster] |
Chironomy
(gcide) | Chironomy \Chi*ron"o*my\, n. [Gr. ?; chei`r hand + ? to manage.]
The art of moving the hands in oratory or in pantomime;
gesture [Obs.]
[1913 Webster] |
chromic iron
(gcide) | Chromite \Chro"mite\, n.
1. (Min.) A black submetallic mineral consisting of oxide of
chromium and iron; -- called also chromic iron.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Chem.) A compound or salt of chromous hydroxide regarded
as an acid. [R.]
[1913 Webster] |
Clay ironstone
(gcide) | Ironstone \I"ron*stone`\,
1. n. A hard, earthy ore of iron.
[1913 Webster]
2. ironstone china.
[PJC]
Clay ironstone. See under Clay.
Ironstone china, a hard white pottery, first made in
England during the 18th century.
[1913 Webster]Clay \Clay\ (kl[=a]), n. [AS. cl[=ae]g; akin to LG. klei, D.
klei, and perh. to AS. cl[=a]m clay, L. glus, gluten glue,
Gr. gloio`s glutinous substance, E. glue. Cf. Clog.]
1. A soft earth, which is plastic, or may be molded with the
hands, consisting of hydrous silicate of aluminium. It is
the result of the wearing down and decomposition, in part,
of rocks containing aluminous minerals, as granite. Lime,
magnesia, oxide of iron, and other ingredients, are often
present as impurities.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Poetry & Script.) Earth in general, as representing the
elementary particles of the human body; hence, the human
body as formed from such particles.
[1913 Webster]
I also am formed out of the clay. --Job xxxiii.
6.
[1913 Webster]
The earth is covered thick with other clay,
Which her own clay shall cover. --Byron.
[1913 Webster]
Bowlder clay. See under Bowlder.
Brick clay, the common clay, containing some iron, and
therefore turning red when burned.
Clay cold, cold as clay or earth; lifeless; inanimate.
Clay ironstone, an ore of iron consisting of the oxide or
carbonate of iron mixed with clay or sand.
Clay marl, a whitish, smooth, chalky clay.
Clay mill, a mill for mixing and tempering clay; a pug
mill.
Clay pit, a pit where clay is dug.
Clay slate (Min.), argillaceous schist; argillite.
Fatty clays, clays having a greasy feel; they are chemical
compounds of water, silica, and aluminia, as halloysite,
bole, etc.
Fire clay, a variety of clay, entirely free from lime,
iron, or an alkali, and therefore infusible, and used for
fire brick.
Porcelain clay, a very pure variety, formed directly from
the decomposition of feldspar, and often called kaolin.
Potter's clay, a tolerably pure kind, free from iron.
[1913 Webster] |
Cobiron
(gcide) | Cobiron \Cob"i`ron\, n. [From Cob the top.]
An andiron with a knob at the top. --Bacon.
[1913 Webster] |
Corrugated iron
(gcide) | Corrugate \Cor"ru*gate\ (-g?t), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Corrugated
(-g?`t?d); p. pr. & vb. n. Corrugating (-g?`t?ng).]
To form or shape into wrinkles or folds, or alternate ridges
and grooves, as by drawing, contraction, pressure, bending,
or otherwise; to wrinkle; to purse up; as, to corrugate
plates of iron; to corrugate the forehead.
[1913 Webster]
Corrugated iron, sheet iron bent into a series of alternate
ridges and grooves in parallel lines, giving it greater
stiffness.
Corrugated paper, a thick, coarse paper corrugated in order
to give it elasticity. It is used as a wrapping material
for fragile articles, as bottles.
[1913 Webster] |
Cramp iron
(gcide) | Cramp iron \Cramp" i`ron\ (?`rn).
See Cramp, n., 2.
[1913 Webster] |
Crimping iron
(gcide) | Crimp \Crimp\ (kr[i^]mp), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Crimped
(kr[i^]mt; 215); p. pr. & vb. n. Crimping.] [Akin to D.
krimpen to shrink, shrivel, Sw. krympa, Dan. krympe, and to
E. cramp. See Cramp.]
1. To fold or plait in regular undulation in such a way that
the material will retain the shape intended; to give a
wavy appearance to; as, to crimp the border of a cap; to
crimp a ruffle. Cf. Crisp.
[1913 Webster]
The comely hostess in a crimped cap. --W. Irving.
[1913 Webster]
2. To pinch and hold; to seize.
[1913 Webster]
3. Hence, to entrap into the military or naval service; as,
to crimp seamen.
[1913 Webster]
Coaxing and courting with intent to crimp him.
--Carlyle.
[1913 Webster]
4. (Cookery) To cause to contract, or to render more crisp,
as the flesh of a fish, by gashing it, when living, with a
knife; as, to crimp skate, etc.
[1913 Webster]
5. (Firearms) In cartridge making, to fold the edge of (a
cartridge case) inward so as to close the mouth partly and
confine the charge.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Crimping house, a low lodging house, into which men are
decoyed and plied with drink, to induce them to ship or
enlist as sailors or soldiers.
Crimping iron.
(a) An iron instrument for crimping and curling the hair.
(b) A crimping machine.
Crimping machine, a machine with fluted rollers or with
dies, for crimping ruffles, leather, iron, etc.
Crimping pin, an instrument for crimping or puckering the
border of a lady's cap.
[1913 Webster] |
Crisping iron
(gcide) | Crisp \Crisp\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Crisped (kr?spt); p. pr. &
vb. n. Crisping.] [L. crispare, fr. crispus. See Crisp.
a. ]
1. To curl; to form into ringlets, as hair, or the nap of
cloth; to interweave, as the branches of trees.
[1913 Webster]
2. To cause to undulate irregularly, as crape or water; to
wrinkle; to cause to ripple. Cf. Crimp.
[1913 Webster]
The lover with the myrtle sprays
Adorns his crisped tresses. --Drayton.
[1913 Webster]
Along the crisped shades and bowers. --Milton.
[1913 Webster]
The crisped brooks,
Rolling on orient pearl and sands of gold. --Milton.
[1913 Webster]
3. To make crisp or brittle, as in cooking.
[1913 Webster]
Crisping iron, an instrument by which hair or any textile
fabric is crisped.
Crisping pin, the simplest form of crisping iron. --Is.
iii. 22.
[1913 Webster] |
Curling irons
(gcide) | Curling \Curl"ing\, n.
1. The act or state of that which curls; as, the curling of
smoke when it rises; the curling of a ringlet; also, the
act or process of one who curls something, as hair, or the
brim of hats.
[1913 Webster]
2. A scottish game in which heavy weights of stone or iron
are propelled by hand over the ice towards a mark.
[1913 Webster]
Curling . . . is an amusement of the winter, and
played on the ice, by sliding from one mark to
another great stones of 40 to 70 pounds weight, of a
hemispherical form, with an iron or wooden handle at
top. The object of the player is to lay his stone as
near to the mark as possible, to guard that of his
partner, which has been well laid before, or to
strike off that of his antagonist. --Pennant
(Tour in
Scotland.
1772).
[1913 Webster]
Curling irons, Curling tong, an instrument for curling
the hair; -- commonly heated when used. Called also
curler[4].
[1913 Webster] |
Damascus iron
(gcide) | Damascus \Damascus\ prop. n. (Geography)
The capital city of Syria. Population (2000) = 1,549,932.
[PJC]
Damascus blade, a sword or scimiter, made chiefly at
Damascus, having a variegated appearance of watering, and
proverbial for excellence.
Damascus iron, or Damascus twist, metal formed of thin
bars or wires of iron and steel elaborately twisted and
welded together; used for making gun barrels, etc., of
high quality, in which the surface, when polished and
acted upon by acid, has a damask appearance.
Damascus steel. See Damask steel, under Damask, a.
[1913 Webster] |
Decarbonized iron
(gcide) | Decarbonize \De*car"bon*ize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
Decarbonized; p. pr. & vb. n. Decarbonizing.]
To deprive of carbon; as, to decarbonize steel; to
decarbonize the blood.
[1913 Webster]
Decarbonized iron. See Malleable iron.
Decarbonized steel, homogenous wrought iron made by a steel
process, as that of Bessemer; ingot iron.
[1913 Webster] |
dry ironic ironical pawky wry
(gcide) | humourous \humourous\ adj.
same as humorous; causing amusement or laughter. [Narrower
terms: {bantering, facetious, tongue-in-cheek, witty ;
{boisterous, knockabout, slapstick ; {buffoonish, clownish,
zany}; {comic, comical, funny, laughable, risible ; {droll,
waggish ; {dry, ironic, ironical, pawky, wry ; {farcical,
ludicrous, ridiculous ; {Gilbertian ; {hilarious, uproarious
; jesting, jocose, jocular, jocund, joking; {merry,
mirthful}; {seriocomic, seriocomical ; {tragicomic,
tragicomical ; killing, sidesplitting] Also See:
pleasing.
Syn: humorous.
[WordNet 1.5] |
Environ
(gcide) | Environ \En*vi"ron\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Environed; p. pr. &
vb. n. Environing.] [F. environner, fr. environ about,
thereabout; pref. en- (L. in) + OF. viron circle, circuit,
fr. OF. & F. virer to turn, LL. virare to turn up and down,
topsy-turvy. Cf. Veer.]
To surround; to encompass; to encircle; to hem in; to be
round about; to involve or envelop.
[1913 Webster]
Dwelling in a pleasant glade,
With mountains round about environed. --Spenser.
[1913 Webster]
Environed he was with many foes. --Shak.
[1913 Webster]
Environ me with darkness whilst I write. --Donne.
[1913 Webster]Environ \En*vi"ron\, adv. [F.]
About; around. [Obs.]
[1913 Webster]
Lord Godfrey's eye three times environ goes. --Fairfax.
[1913 Webster] |
Environed
(gcide) | Environ \En*vi"ron\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Environed; p. pr. &
vb. n. Environing.] [F. environner, fr. environ about,
thereabout; pref. en- (L. in) + OF. viron circle, circuit,
fr. OF. & F. virer to turn, LL. virare to turn up and down,
topsy-turvy. Cf. Veer.]
To surround; to encompass; to encircle; to hem in; to be
round about; to involve or envelop.
[1913 Webster]
Dwelling in a pleasant glade,
With mountains round about environed. --Spenser.
[1913 Webster]
Environed he was with many foes. --Shak.
[1913 Webster]
Environ me with darkness whilst I write. --Donne.
[1913 Webster] |
Environing
(gcide) | Environ \En*vi"ron\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Environed; p. pr. &
vb. n. Environing.] [F. environner, fr. environ about,
thereabout; pref. en- (L. in) + OF. viron circle, circuit,
fr. OF. & F. virer to turn, LL. virare to turn up and down,
topsy-turvy. Cf. Veer.]
To surround; to encompass; to encircle; to hem in; to be
round about; to involve or envelop.
[1913 Webster]
Dwelling in a pleasant glade,
With mountains round about environed. --Spenser.
[1913 Webster]
Environed he was with many foes. --Shak.
[1913 Webster]
Environ me with darkness whilst I write. --Donne.
[1913 Webster] |
Environment
(gcide) | Environment \En*vi"ron*ment\, n. [Cf. F. environnement.]
1. Act of environing; state of being environed.
[1913 Webster]
2. That which environs or surrounds; surrounding conditions,
influences, or forces, by which living forms are
influenced and modified in their growth and development.
[1913 Webster]
It is no friendly environment, this of thine.
--Carlyle.
[1913 Webster] |
environmental
(gcide) | environmental \environmental\ adj.
1. of or pertaining to the environment; as, environmental
factors.
[WordNet 1.5]
2. of or pertaining to the environment (definition 2); as,
environmental pollution; environmental disaster;
environmental cleanup; environmental deterioration.
[WordNet 1.5]
THOUSANDS of dead fish and other marine species,
suffocated by a rotting, glutinous morass which
spreads over kilometres of coral reefs.
This scenario has all the hallmarks of a unnatural
environmental disaster resulting from environmental
negligence. However this isn't the case, instead the
cause -- coral spawn slick deoxygenation -- is a
natural event which has the potential to occur
periodically on the reefs of the West Pilbara.
--Michael
Borowitzka
("Natural
event spawns
environmental
disaster" in
Murdoch News,
October 12,
1995) |
Environs
(gcide) | Environs \En*vi"rons\ (?; 277), n. pl. [F.]
The parts or places which surround another place, or lie in
its neighborhood; suburbs; as, the environs of a city or
town. --Chesterfield.
[1913 Webster] |
Fagot iron
(gcide) | fagot \fag"ot\ (f[a^]g"[u^]t) n. [F., prob. aug. of L. fax,
facis, torch, perh. orig., a bundle of sticks; cf. Gr.
fa`kelos bundle, fagot. Cf. Fagotto.]
1. A bundle of sticks, twigs, or small branches of trees,
used for fuel, for raising batteries, filling ditches, or
other purposes in fortification; a fascine. --Shak.
[1913 Webster]
2. A bundle of pieces of wrought iron to be worked over into
bars or other shapes by rolling or hammering at a welding
heat; a pile.
[1913 Webster]
3. (Mus.) A bassoon. See Fagotto.
[1913 Webster]
4. A person hired to take the place of another at the muster
of a company. [Eng.] --Addison.
[1913 Webster]
5. An old shriveled woman. [Slang, Eng.]
[1913 Webster]
Fagot iron, iron, in bars or masses, manufactured from
fagots.
Fagot vote, the vote of a person who has been constituted a
voter by being made a landholder, for party purposes.
[Political cant, Eng.]
[1913 Webster] |
Fire irons
(gcide) | Iron \I"ron\ ([imac]"[u^]rn), n. [OE. iren, AS. [imac]ren,
[imac]sen, [imac]sern; akin to D. ijzer, OS. [imac]sarn, OHG.
[imac]sarn, [imac]san, G. eisen, Icel. [imac]sarn, j[=a]rn,
Sw. & Dan. jern, and perh. to E. ice; cf. Ir. iarann, W.
haiarn, Armor. houarn.]
[1913 Webster]
1. (Chem.) The most common and most useful metallic element,
being of almost universal occurrence, usually in the form
of an oxide (as hematite, magnetite, etc.), or a hydrous
oxide (as limonite, turgite, etc.). It is reduced on an
enormous scale in three principal forms; viz., {cast
iron}, steel, and wrought iron. Iron usually appears
dark brown, from oxidation or impurity, but when pure, or
on a fresh surface, is a gray or white metal. It is easily
oxidized (rusted) by moisture, and is attacked by many
corrosive agents. Symbol Fe (Latin Ferrum). Atomic number
26, atomic weight 55.847. Specific gravity, pure iron,
7.86; cast iron, 7.1. In magnetic properties, it is
superior to all other substances.
[1913 Webster]
Note: The value of iron is largely due to the facility with
which it can be worked. Thus, when heated it is
malleable and ductile, and can be easily welded and
forged at a high temperature. As cast iron, it is
easily fusible; as steel, is very tough, and (when
tempered) very hard and elastic. Chemically, iron is
grouped with cobalt and nickel. Steel is a variety of
iron containing more carbon than wrought iron, but less
that cast iron. It is made either from wrought iron, by
roasting in a packing of carbon (cementation) or from
cast iron, by burning off the impurities in a Bessemer
converter (then called Bessemer steel), or directly
from the iron ore (as in the Siemens rotatory and
generating furnace).
[1913 Webster]
2. An instrument or utensil made of iron; -- chiefly in
composition; as, a flatiron, a smoothing iron, etc.
[1913 Webster]
My young soldier, put up your iron. --Shak.
[1913 Webster]
3. pl. Fetters; chains; handcuffs; manacles.
[1913 Webster]
Four of the sufferers were left to rot in irons.
--Macaulay.
[1913 Webster]
4. Strength; power; firmness; inflexibility; as, to rule with
a rod of iron.
[1913 Webster]
5. (Golf) An iron-headed club with a deep face, chiefly used
in making approaches, lifting a ball over hazards, etc.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Bar iron. See Wrought iron (below).
Bog iron, bog ore; limonite. See Bog ore, under Bog.
Cast iron (Metal.), an impure variety of iron, containing
from three to six percent of carbon, part of which is
united with a part of the iron, as a carbide, and the rest
is uncombined, as graphite. It there is little free
carbon, the product is white iron; if much of the carbon
has separated as graphite, it is called gray iron. See
also Cast iron, in the Vocabulary.
Fire irons. See under Fire, n.
Gray irons. See under Fire, n.
Gray iron. See Cast iron (above).
It irons (Naut.), said of a sailing vessel, when, in
tacking, she comes up head to the wind and will not fill
away on either tack.
Magnetic iron. See Magnetite.
Malleable iron (Metal.), iron sufficiently pure or soft to
be capable of extension under the hammer; also, specif., a
kind of iron produced by removing a portion of the carbon
or other impurities from cast iron, rendering it less
brittle, and to some extent malleable.
Meteoric iron (Chem.), iron forming a large, and often the
chief, ingredient of meteorites. It invariably contains a
small amount of nickel and cobalt. Cf. Meteorite.
Pig iron, the form in which cast iron is made at the blast
furnace, being run into molds, called pigs.
Reduced iron. See under Reduced.
Specular iron. See Hematite.
Too many irons in the fire, too many objects or tasks
requiring the attention at once.
White iron. See Cast iron (above).
Wrought iron (Metal.), the purest form of iron commonly
known in the arts, containing only about half of one per
cent of carbon. It is made either directly from the ore,
as in the Catalan forge or bloomery, or by purifying
(puddling) cast iron in a reverberatory furnace or
refinery. It is tough, malleable, and ductile. When formed
into bars, it is called bar iron.
[1913 Webster]Fire \Fire\ (f[imac]r), n. [OE. fir, fyr, fur AS. f[=y]r; akin
to D. vuur, OS. & OHG. fiur, G. feuer, Icel. f[=y]ri,
f[=u]rr, Gr. py^r, and perh. to L. purus pure, E. pure Cf.
Empyrean, Pyre.]
1. The evolution of light and heat in the combustion of
bodies; combustion; state of ignition.
[1913 Webster]
Note: The form of fire exhibited in the combustion of gases
in an ascending stream or current is called flame.
Anciently, fire, air, earth, and water were regarded as
the four elements of which all things are composed.
[1913 Webster]
2. Fuel in a state of combustion, as on a hearth, or in a
stove or a furnace.
[1913 Webster]
3. The burning of a house or town; a conflagration.
[1913 Webster]
4. Anything which destroys or affects like fire.
[1913 Webster]
5. Ardor of passion, whether love or hate; excessive warmth;
consuming violence of temper.
[1913 Webster]
he had fire in his temper. --Atterbury.
[1913 Webster]
6. Liveliness of imagination or fancy; intellectual and moral
enthusiasm; capacity for ardor and zeal.
[1913 Webster]
And bless their critic with a poet's fire. --Pope.
[1913 Webster]
7. Splendor; brilliancy; luster; hence, a star.
[1913 Webster]
Stars, hide your fires. --Shak.
[1913 Webster]
As in a zodiac
representing the heavenly fires. --Milton.
[1913 Webster]
8. Torture by burning; severe trial or affliction.
[1913 Webster]
9. The discharge of firearms; firing; as, the troops were
exposed to a heavy fire.
[1913 Webster]
Blue fire, Red fire, Green fire (Pyrotech.),
compositions of various combustible substances, as
sulphur, niter, lampblack, etc., the flames of which are
colored by various metallic salts, as those of antimony,
strontium, barium, etc.
Fire alarm
(a) A signal given on the breaking out of a fire.
(b) An apparatus for giving such an alarm.
Fire annihilator, a machine, device, or preparation to be
kept at hand for extinguishing fire by smothering it with
some incombustible vapor or gas, as carbonic acid.
Fire balloon.
(a) A balloon raised in the air by the buoyancy of air
heated by a fire placed in the lower part.
(b) A balloon sent up at night with fireworks which ignite
at a regulated height. --Simmonds.
Fire bar, a grate bar.
Fire basket, a portable grate; a cresset. --Knight.
Fire beetle. (Zool.) See in the Vocabulary.
Fire blast, a disease of plants which causes them to appear
as if burnt by fire.
Fire box, the chamber of a furnace, steam boiler, etc., for
the fire.
Fire brick, a refractory brick, capable of sustaining
intense heat without fusion, usually made of fire clay or
of siliceous material, with some cementing substance, and
used for lining fire boxes, etc.
Fire brigade, an organized body of men for extinguished
fires.
Fire bucket. See under Bucket.
Fire bug, an incendiary; one who, from malice or through
mania, persistently sets fire to property; a pyromaniac.
[U.S.]
Fire clay. See under Clay.
Fire company, a company of men managing an engine in
extinguishing fires.
Fire cross. See Fiery cross. [Obs.] --Milton.
Fire damp. See under Damp.
Fire dog. See Firedog, in the Vocabulary.
Fire drill.
(a) A series of evolutions performed by fireman for
practice.
(b) An apparatus for producing fire by friction, by
rapidly twirling a wooden pin in a wooden socket; --
used by the Hindoos during all historic time, and by
many savage peoples.
Fire eater.
(a) A juggler who pretends to eat fire.
(b) A quarrelsome person who seeks affrays; a hotspur.
[Colloq.]
Fire engine, a portable forcing pump, usually on wheels,
for throwing water to extinguish fire.
Fire escape, a contrivance for facilitating escape from
burning buildings.
Fire gilding (Fine Arts), a mode of gilding with an amalgam
of gold and quicksilver, the latter metal being driven off
afterward by heat.
Fire gilt (Fine Arts), gold laid on by the process of fire
gilding.
Fire insurance, the act or system of insuring against fire;
also, a contract by which an insurance company undertakes,
in consideration of the payment of a premium or small
percentage -- usually made periodically -- to indemnify an
owner of property from loss by fire during a specified
period.
Fire irons, utensils for a fireplace or grate, as tongs,
poker, and shovel.
Fire main, a pipe for water, to be used in putting out
fire.
Fire master
(Mil), an artillery officer who formerly supervised the
composition of fireworks.
Fire office, an office at which to effect insurance against
fire.
Fire opal, a variety of opal giving firelike reflections.
Fire ordeal, an ancient mode of trial, in which the test
was the ability of the accused to handle or tread upon
red-hot irons. --Abbot.
Fire pan, a pan for holding or conveying fire, especially
the receptacle for the priming of a gun.
Fire plug, a plug or hydrant for drawing water from the
main pipes in a street, building, etc., for extinguishing
fires.
Fire policy, the writing or instrument expressing the
contract of insurance against loss by fire.
Fire pot.
(a) (Mil.) A small earthen pot filled with combustibles,
formerly used as a missile in war.
(b) The cast iron vessel which holds the fuel or fire in a
furnace.
(c) A crucible.
(d) A solderer's furnace.
Fire raft, a raft laden with combustibles, used for setting
fire to an enemy's ships.
Fire roll, a peculiar beat of the drum to summon men to
their quarters in case of fire.
Fire setting (Mining), the process of softening or cracking
the working face of a lode, to facilitate excavation, by
exposing it to the action of fire; -- now generally
superseded by the use of explosives. --Raymond.
Fire ship, a vessel filled with combustibles, for setting
fire to an enemy's ships.
Fire shovel, a shovel for taking up coals of fire.
Fire stink, the stench from decomposing iron pyrites,
caused by the formation of hydrogen sulfide. --Raymond.
Fire surface, the surfaces of a steam boiler which are
exposed to the direct heat of the fuel and the products of
combustion; heating surface.
Fire swab, a swab saturated with water, for cooling a gun
in action and clearing away particles of powder, etc.
--Farrow.
Fire teaser, in England, the fireman of a steam emgine.
Fire water, a strong alcoholic beverage; -- so called by
the American Indians.
Fire worship, the worship of fire, which prevails chiefly
in Persia, among the followers of Zoroaster, called
Chebers, or Guebers, and among the Parsees of India.
Greek fire. See under Greek.
On fire, burning; hence, ardent; passionate; eager;
zealous.
Running fire, the rapid discharge of firearms in succession
by a line of troops.
St. Anthony's fire, erysipelas; -- an eruptive fever which
St. Anthony was supposed to cure miraculously. --Hoblyn.
St. Elmo's fire. See under Saint Elmo.
To set on fire, to inflame; to kindle.
To take fire, to begin to burn; to fly into a passion.
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Firing iron
(gcide) | Firing \Fir"ing\, n.
1. The act of discharging firearms.
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2. The mode of introducing fuel into the furnace and working
it. --Knight.
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3. The application of fire, or of a cautery. --Dunglison.
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4. The process of partly vitrifying pottery by exposing it to
intense heat in a kiln.
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5. Fuel; firewood or coal. [Obs.] --Mortimer.
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Firing iron, an instrument used in cauterizing.
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Flatiron
(gcide) | Flatiron \Flat"i`ron\, n.
An iron with a flat, smooth surface for ironing clothes.
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Fluting iron
(gcide) | Fluting \Flut"ing\, n.
Decoration by means of flutes or channels; a flute, or flutes
collectively; as, the fluting of a column or pilaster; the
fluting of a lady's ruffle.
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Fluting iron, a laundry iron for fluting ruffles; -- called
also Italian iron, or gaufering iron. --Knight.
Fluting lathe, a machine for forming spiral flutes, as on
balusters, table legs, etc.
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Foot iron
(gcide) | Foot \Foot\ (f[oo^]t), n.; pl. Feet (f[=e]t). [OE. fot, foot,
pl. fet, feet. AS. f[=o]t, pl. f[=e]t; akin to D. voet, OHG.
fuoz, G. fuss, Icel. f[=o]tr, Sw. fot, Dan. fod, Goth.
f[=o]tus, L. pes, Gr. poy`s, Skr. p[=a]d, Icel. fet step,
pace measure of a foot, feta to step, find one's way.
[root]77, 250. Cf. Antipodes, Cap-a-pie, Expedient,
Fet to fetch, Fetlock, Fetter, Pawn a piece in chess,
Pedal.]
1. (Anat.) The terminal part of the leg of man or an animal;
esp., the part below the ankle or wrist; that part of an
animal upon which it rests when standing, or moves. See
Manus, and Pes.
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2. (Zool.) The muscular locomotive organ of a mollusk. It is
a median organ arising from the ventral region of body,
often in the form of a flat disk, as in snails. See
Illust. of Buccinum.
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3. That which corresponds to the foot of a man or animal; as,
the foot of a table; the foot of a stocking.
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4. The lowest part or base; the ground part; the bottom, as
of a mountain, column, or page; also, the last of a row or
series; the end or extremity, esp. if associated with
inferiority; as, the foot of a hill; the foot of the
procession; the foot of a class; the foot of the bed;; the
foot of the page.
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And now at foot
Of heaven's ascent they lift their feet. --Milton.
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5. Fundamental principle; basis; plan; -- used only in the
singular.
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Answer directly upon the foot of dry reason.
--Berkeley.
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6. Recognized condition; rank; footing; -- used only in the
singular. [R.]
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As to his being on the foot of a servant. --Walpole.
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7. A measure of length equivalent to twelve inches; one third
of a yard. See Yard.
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Note: This measure is supposed to be taken from the length of
a man's foot. It differs in length in different
countries. In the United States and in England it is
304.8 millimeters.
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8. (Mil.) Soldiers who march and fight on foot; the infantry,
usually designated as the foot, in distinction from the
cavalry. "Both horse and foot." --Milton.
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9. (Pros.) A combination of syllables consisting a metrical
element of a verse, the syllables being formerly
distinguished by their quantity or length, but in modern
poetry by the accent.
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10. (Naut.) The lower edge of a sail.
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Note: Foot is often used adjectively, signifying of or
pertaining to a foot or the feet, or to the base or
lower part. It is also much used as the first of
compounds.
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Foot artillery. (Mil.)
(a) Artillery soldiers serving in foot.
(b) Heavy artillery. --Farrow.
Foot bank (Fort.), a raised way within a parapet.
Foot barracks (Mil.), barracks for infantery.
Foot bellows, a bellows worked by a treadle. --Knight.
Foot company (Mil.), a company of infantry. --Milton.
Foot gear, covering for the feet, as stocking, shoes, or
boots.
Foot hammer (Mach.), a small tilt hammer moved by a
treadle.
Foot iron.
(a) The step of a carriage.
(b) A fetter.
Foot jaw. (Zool.) See Maxilliped.
Foot key (Mus.), an organ pedal.
Foot level (Gunnery), a form of level used in giving any
proposed angle of elevation to a piece of ordnance.
--Farrow.
Foot mantle, a long garment to protect the dress in riding;
a riding skirt. [Obs.]
Foot page, an errand boy; an attendant. [Obs.]
Foot passenger, one who passes on foot, as over a road or
bridge.
Foot pavement, a paved way for foot passengers; a footway;
a trottoir.
Foot poet, an inferior poet; a poetaster. [R.] --Dryden.
Foot post.
(a) A letter carrier who travels on foot.
(b) A mail delivery by means of such carriers.
Fot pound, & Foot poundal. (Mech.) See Foot pound and
Foot poundal, in the Vocabulary.
Foot press (Mach.), a cutting, embossing, or printing
press, moved by a treadle.
Foot race, a race run by persons on foot. --Cowper.
Foot rail, a railroad rail, with a wide flat flange on the
lower side.
Foot rot, an ulcer in the feet of sheep; claw sickness.
Foot rule, a rule or measure twelve inches long.
Foot screw, an adjusting screw which forms a foot, and
serves to give a machine or table a level standing on an
uneven place.
Foot secretion. (Zool.) See Sclerobase.
Foot soldier, a soldier who serves on foot.
Foot stick (Printing), a beveled piece of furniture placed
against the foot of the page, to hold the type in place.
Foot stove, a small box, with an iron pan, to hold hot
coals for warming the feet.
Foot tubercle. (Zool.) See Parapodium.
Foot valve (Steam Engine), the valve that opens to the air
pump from the condenser.
Foot vise, a kind of vise the jaws of which are operated by
a treadle.
Foot waling (Naut.), the inside planks or lining of a
vessel over the floor timbers. --Totten.
Foot wall (Mining), the under wall of an inclosed vein.
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By foot, or On foot, by walking; as, to pass a stream on
foot.
Cubic foot. See under Cubic.
Foot and mouth disease, a contagious disease (Eczema
epizo["o]tica) of cattle, sheep, swine, etc.,
characterized by the formation of vesicles and ulcers in
the mouth and about the hoofs.
Foot of the fine (Law), the concluding portion of an
acknowledgment in court by which, formerly, the title of
land was conveyed. See Fine of land, under Fine, n.;
also Chirograph. (b).
Square foot. See under Square.
To be on foot, to be in motion, action, or process of
execution.
To keep the foot (Script.), to preserve decorum. "Keep thy
foot when thou goest to the house of God." --Eccl. v. 1.
To put one's foot down, to take a resolute stand; to be
determined. [Colloq.]
To put the best foot foremost, to make a good appearance;
to do one's best. [Colloq.]
To set on foot, to put in motion; to originate; as, to set
on foot a subscription.
To put one on his feet, or set one on his feet, to put
one in a position to go on; to assist to start.
Under foot.
(a) Under the feet; (Fig.) at one's mercy; as, to trample
under foot. --Gibbon.
(b) Below par. [Obs.] "They would be forced to sell . . .
far under foot." --Bacon.
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Galvanized iron
(gcide) | Galvanize \Gal"va*nize\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Galvanized; p pr.
& vb. n. Galvanizing.] [Cf. F. galvaniser.]
1. To affect with galvanism; to subject to the action of
electrical currents.
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2. To plate, as with gold, silver, etc., by means of
electricity.
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3. To restore to consciousness by galvanic action (as from a
state of suspended animation); hence, to stimulate or
excite to a factitious animation or activity.
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4. To coat, as iron, with zinc. See Galvanized iron.
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Galvanized iron, formerly, iron coated with zink by
electrical deposition; now more commonly, iron coated with
zink by plunging into a bath of melted zink, after its
surface has been cleaned by friction with the aid of
dilute acid.
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gaufering iron
(gcide) | Fluting \Flut"ing\, n.
Decoration by means of flutes or channels; a flute, or flutes
collectively; as, the fluting of a column or pilaster; the
fluting of a lady's ruffle.
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Fluting iron, a laundry iron for fluting ruffles; -- called
also Italian iron, or gaufering iron. --Knight.
Fluting lathe, a machine for forming spiral flutes, as on
balusters, table legs, etc.
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Gauffering iron
(gcide) | Gauffering \Gauf"fer*ing\, n.
A mode of plaiting or fluting.
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Gauffering iron, a kind of fluting iron for fabrics.
Gauffering press (Flower Manuf.), a press for crimping the
leaves and petals into shape.
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Girondin
(gcide) | Girondist \Gi*ron"dist\, a.
Of or pertaining to the Girondists. [Written also
Girondin.]
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Girondist
(gcide) | Girondist \Gi*ron"dist\, n. [F. Girondiste.]
A member of the moderate republican party formed in the
French legislative assembly in 1791. The Girondists were so
called because their leaders were deputies from the
department of La Gironde.
[1913 Webster]Girondist \Gi*ron"dist\, a.
Of or pertaining to the Girondists. [Written also
Girondin.]
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Grappling iron
(gcide) | Grappling \Grap"pling\, n.
1. A laying fast ho1d of; also, that by which anything is
seized and held, a grapnel.
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2. A grapple; a struggle. A match for yards in fight, in
grappling for the bear. --Dryden.
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Grappling iron, a hooked iron used for grappling and
holding fast a vessel or other object.
Grappling tongs, broad-mouthed tongs for gathering oysters.
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Gray iron
(gcide) | Iron \I"ron\ ([imac]"[u^]rn), n. [OE. iren, AS. [imac]ren,
[imac]sen, [imac]sern; akin to D. ijzer, OS. [imac]sarn, OHG.
[imac]sarn, [imac]san, G. eisen, Icel. [imac]sarn, j[=a]rn,
Sw. & Dan. jern, and perh. to E. ice; cf. Ir. iarann, W.
haiarn, Armor. houarn.]
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1. (Chem.) The most common and most useful metallic element,
being of almost universal occurrence, usually in the form
of an oxide (as hematite, magnetite, etc.), or a hydrous
oxide (as limonite, turgite, etc.). It is reduced on an
enormous scale in three principal forms; viz., {cast
iron}, steel, and wrought iron. Iron usually appears
dark brown, from oxidation or impurity, but when pure, or
on a fresh surface, is a gray or white metal. It is easily
oxidized (rusted) by moisture, and is attacked by many
corrosive agents. Symbol Fe (Latin Ferrum). Atomic number
26, atomic weight 55.847. Specific gravity, pure iron,
7.86; cast iron, 7.1. In magnetic properties, it is
superior to all other substances.
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Note: The value of iron is largely due to the facility with
which it can be worked. Thus, when heated it is
malleable and ductile, and can be easily welded and
forged at a high temperature. As cast iron, it is
easily fusible; as steel, is very tough, and (when
tempered) very hard and elastic. Chemically, iron is
grouped with cobalt and nickel. Steel is a variety of
iron containing more carbon than wrought iron, but less
that cast iron. It is made either from wrought iron, by
roasting in a packing of carbon (cementation) or from
cast iron, by burning off the impurities in a Bessemer
converter (then called Bessemer steel), or directly
from the iron ore (as in the Siemens rotatory and
generating furnace).
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2. An instrument or utensil made of iron; -- chiefly in
composition; as, a flatiron, a smoothing iron, etc.
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My young soldier, put up your iron. --Shak.
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3. pl. Fetters; chains; handcuffs; manacles.
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Four of the sufferers were left to rot in irons.
--Macaulay.
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4. Strength; power; firmness; inflexibility; as, to rule with
a rod of iron.
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5. (Golf) An iron-headed club with a deep face, chiefly used
in making approaches, lifting a ball over hazards, etc.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Bar iron. See Wrought iron (below).
Bog iron, bog ore; limonite. See Bog ore, under Bog.
Cast iron (Metal.), an impure variety of iron, containing
from three to six percent of carbon, part of which is
united with a part of the iron, as a carbide, and the rest
is uncombined, as graphite. It there is little free
carbon, the product is white iron; if much of the carbon
has separated as graphite, it is called gray iron. See
also Cast iron, in the Vocabulary.
Fire irons. See under Fire, n.
Gray irons. See under Fire, n.
Gray iron. See Cast iron (above).
It irons (Naut.), said of a sailing vessel, when, in
tacking, she comes up head to the wind and will not fill
away on either tack.
Magnetic iron. See Magnetite.
Malleable iron (Metal.), iron sufficiently pure or soft to
be capable of extension under the hammer; also, specif., a
kind of iron produced by removing a portion of the carbon
or other impurities from cast iron, rendering it less
brittle, and to some extent malleable.
Meteoric iron (Chem.), iron forming a large, and often the
chief, ingredient of meteorites. It invariably contains a
small amount of nickel and cobalt. Cf. Meteorite.
Pig iron, the form in which cast iron is made at the blast
furnace, being run into molds, called pigs.
Reduced iron. See under Reduced.
Specular iron. See Hematite.
Too many irons in the fire, too many objects or tasks
requiring the attention at once.
White iron. See Cast iron (above).
Wrought iron (Metal.), the purest form of iron commonly
known in the arts, containing only about half of one per
cent of carbon. It is made either directly from the ore,
as in the Catalan forge or bloomery, or by purifying
(puddling) cast iron in a reverberatory furnace or
refinery. It is tough, malleable, and ductile. When formed
into bars, it is called bar iron.
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gray iron
(gcide) | Iron \I"ron\ ([imac]"[u^]rn), n. [OE. iren, AS. [imac]ren,
[imac]sen, [imac]sern; akin to D. ijzer, OS. [imac]sarn, OHG.
[imac]sarn, [imac]san, G. eisen, Icel. [imac]sarn, j[=a]rn,
Sw. & Dan. jern, and perh. to E. ice; cf. Ir. iarann, W.
haiarn, Armor. houarn.]
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1. (Chem.) The most common and most useful metallic element,
being of almost universal occurrence, usually in the form
of an oxide (as hematite, magnetite, etc.), or a hydrous
oxide (as limonite, turgite, etc.). It is reduced on an
enormous scale in three principal forms; viz., {cast
iron}, steel, and wrought iron. Iron usually appears
dark brown, from oxidation or impurity, but when pure, or
on a fresh surface, is a gray or white metal. It is easily
oxidized (rusted) by moisture, and is attacked by many
corrosive agents. Symbol Fe (Latin Ferrum). Atomic number
26, atomic weight 55.847. Specific gravity, pure iron,
7.86; cast iron, 7.1. In magnetic properties, it is
superior to all other substances.
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Note: The value of iron is largely due to the facility with
which it can be worked. Thus, when heated it is
malleable and ductile, and can be easily welded and
forged at a high temperature. As cast iron, it is
easily fusible; as steel, is very tough, and (when
tempered) very hard and elastic. Chemically, iron is
grouped with cobalt and nickel. Steel is a variety of
iron containing more carbon than wrought iron, but less
that cast iron. It is made either from wrought iron, by
roasting in a packing of carbon (cementation) or from
cast iron, by burning off the impurities in a Bessemer
converter (then called Bessemer steel), or directly
from the iron ore (as in the Siemens rotatory and
generating furnace).
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2. An instrument or utensil made of iron; -- chiefly in
composition; as, a flatiron, a smoothing iron, etc.
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My young soldier, put up your iron. --Shak.
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3. pl. Fetters; chains; handcuffs; manacles.
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Four of the sufferers were left to rot in irons.
--Macaulay.
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4. Strength; power; firmness; inflexibility; as, to rule with
a rod of iron.
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5. (Golf) An iron-headed club with a deep face, chiefly used
in making approaches, lifting a ball over hazards, etc.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Bar iron. See Wrought iron (below).
Bog iron, bog ore; limonite. See Bog ore, under Bog.
Cast iron (Metal.), an impure variety of iron, containing
from three to six percent of carbon, part of which is
united with a part of the iron, as a carbide, and the rest
is uncombined, as graphite. It there is little free
carbon, the product is white iron; if much of the carbon
has separated as graphite, it is called gray iron. See
also Cast iron, in the Vocabulary.
Fire irons. See under Fire, n.
Gray irons. See under Fire, n.
Gray iron. See Cast iron (above).
It irons (Naut.), said of a sailing vessel, when, in
tacking, she comes up head to the wind and will not fill
away on either tack.
Magnetic iron. See Magnetite.
Malleable iron (Metal.), iron sufficiently pure or soft to
be capable of extension under the hammer; also, specif., a
kind of iron produced by removing a portion of the carbon
or other impurities from cast iron, rendering it less
brittle, and to some extent malleable.
Meteoric iron (Chem.), iron forming a large, and often the
chief, ingredient of meteorites. It invariably contains a
small amount of nickel and cobalt. Cf. Meteorite.
Pig iron, the form in which cast iron is made at the blast
furnace, being run into molds, called pigs.
Reduced iron. See under Reduced.
Specular iron. See Hematite.
Too many irons in the fire, too many objects or tasks
requiring the attention at once.
White iron. See Cast iron (above).
Wrought iron (Metal.), the purest form of iron commonly
known in the arts, containing only about half of one per
cent of carbon. It is made either directly from the ore,
as in the Catalan forge or bloomery, or by purifying
(puddling) cast iron in a reverberatory furnace or
refinery. It is tough, malleable, and ductile. When formed
into bars, it is called bar iron.
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