| slovo | definícia |
O3
(gcide) | ozone \o"zone\ ([=o]"z[=o]n or [-o]*z[=o]n"), n. [Gr. 'o`zwn
smelling, p. pr. of 'o`zein to smell. See Odor.] (Chem.)
A colorless gaseous substance (O3) obtained (as by the
silent discharge of electricity in oxygen) as an allotropic
form of oxygen, containing three atoms in the molecule. It is
a strong oxidizer, and probably exists in the air, though by
the ordinary tests it is liable to be confused with certain
other substances, as hydrogen dioxide, or certain oxides of
nitrogen. It derives its name from its peculiar odor, which
resembles that of weak chlorine.
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| | podobné slovo | definícia |
AgNO3
(gcide) | Nitrate \Ni"trate\, n. [Cf. F. nitrate.] (Chem.)
A salt of nitric acid.
[1913 Webster]
Nitrate of silver, a white crystalline salt (AgNO3), used
in photography and as a cauterizing agent; -- called also
lunar caustic, and more commonly called {silver
nitrate}.
[1913 Webster +PJC] |
Al2O3
(gcide) | Sapphire \Sap"phire\ (? or ?; 277), n. [OE. saphir, F. saphir,
L. sapphirus, Gr. ?, of Oriental origin; cf. Heb.
sapp[imac]r.]
1. (Min.) Native alumina or aluminium sesquioxide, Al2O3;
corundum; esp., the blue transparent variety of corundum,
highly prized as a gem.
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Of rubies, sapphires, and of pearl['e]s white.
--Chaucer.
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Note: Sapphire occurs in hexagonal crystals and also in
granular and massive forms. The name sapphire is
usually restricted to the blue crystals, while the
bright red crystals are called Oriental rubies (see
under Ruby), the amethystine variety Oriental
amethyst (see under Amethyst), and the dull massive
varieties corundum (a name which is also used as a
general term to include all varieties). See Corundum.
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2. The color of the gem; bright blue.
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3. (Zool.) Any humming bird of the genus Hylocharis, native
of South America. The throat and breast are usually bright
blue.
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Star sapphire, or Asteriated sapphire (Min.), a kind of
sapphire which exhibits asterism.
[1913 Webster]Sesquioxide \Ses`qui*ox"ide\, n. [Sesqui- + oxide.] (Chem.)
An oxide containing three atoms of oxygen with two atoms (or
radicals) of some other substance; thus, alumina, Al2O3 is
a sesquioxide.
[1913 Webster] SesquipedalAlumina \A*lu"mi*na\, n. [L. alumen, aluminis. See Alum.]
(Chem.)
One of the earths, consisting of two parts of aluminium and
three of oxygen, Al2O3.
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Note: It is the oxide of the metal aluminium, the base of
aluminous salts, a constituent of a large part of the
earthy siliceous minerals, as the feldspars, micas,
scapolites, etc., and the characterizing ingredient of
common clay, in which it exists as an impure silicate
with water, resulting from the decomposition of other
aluminous minerals. In its natural state, it is the
mineral corundum.
[1913 Webster]Corundum \Co*run"dum\ (k[-o]*r[u^]n"d[u^]m), n.; pl. Corundums
(k[-o]*r[u^]n"d[u^]mz). [Also corindon.] [From Hind. kurand
corundum stone.] (Min.)
The mineral alumina (Al2O3), as found native in a
crystalline state. Transparent varieties are used as
gemstones, including sapphire, which is the fine blue
variety; the oriental ruby, or red sapphire; the {oriental
amethyst}, or purple sapphire; and adamantine spar, the
hair-brown variety. It is the hardest substance found native,
next to the diamond.
[1913 Webster +PJC]
Note: The name corundum is sometimes restricted to the
non-transparent or coarser kinds. Emery is a
dark-colored granular variety, usually admixed with
magnetic iron ore.
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As2O3
(gcide) | White \White\ (hw[imac]t), a. [Compar. Whiter
(hw[imac]t"[~e]r); superl. Whitest.] [OE. whit, AS.
hw[imac]t; akin to OFries. and OS. hw[imac]t, D. wit, G.
weiss, OHG. w[imac]z, hw[imac]z, Icel. hv[imac]tr, Sw. hvit,
Dan. hvid, Goth. hweits, Lith. szveisti, to make bright,
Russ. sviet' light, Skr. [,c]v[=e]ta white, [,c]vit to be
bright. [root]42. Cf. Wheat, Whitsunday.]
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1. Reflecting to the eye all the rays of the spectrum
combined; not tinted with any of the proper colors or
their mixtures; having the color of pure snow; snowy; --
the opposite of black or dark; as, white paper; a
white skin. "Pearls white." --Chaucer.
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White as the whitest lily on a stream. --Longfellow.
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2. Destitute of color, as in the cheeks, or of the tinge of
blood color; pale; pallid; as, white with fear.
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Or whispering with white lips, "The foe!
They come! they come!" --Byron.
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3. Having the color of purity; free from spot or blemish, or
from guilt or pollution; innocent; pure.
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White as thy fame, and as thy honor clear. --Dryden.
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No whiter page than Addison's remains. --Pope.
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4. Gray, as from age; having silvery hair; hoary.
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Your high engendered battles 'gainst a head
So old and white as this. --Shak.
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5. Characterized by freedom from that which disturbs, and the
like; fortunate; happy; favorable.
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On the whole, however, the dominie reckoned this as
one of the white days of his life. --Sir W.
Scott.
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6. Regarded with especial favor; favorite; darling.
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Come forth, my white spouse. --Chaucer.
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I am his white boy, and will not be gullet. --Ford.
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Note: White is used in many self-explaining compounds, as
white-backed, white-bearded, white-footed.
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White alder. (Bot.) See Sweet pepper bush, under
Pepper.
White ant (Zool.), any one of numerous species of social
pseudoneuropterous insects of the genus Termes. These
insects are very abundant in tropical countries, and form
large and complex communities consisting of numerous
asexual workers of one or more kinds, of large-headed
asexual individuals called soldiers, of one or more queens
(or fertile females) often having the body enormously
distended by the eggs, and, at certain seasons of numerous
winged males, together with the larvae and pupae of each
kind in various stages of development. Many of the species
construct large and complicated nests, sometimes in the
form of domelike structures rising several feet above the
ground and connected with extensive subterranean galleries
and chambers. In their social habits they closely resemble
the true ants. They feed upon animal and vegetable
substances of various kinds, including timber, and are
often very destructive to buildings and furniture.
White arsenic (Chem.), arsenious oxide, As2O3, a
substance of a white color, and vitreous adamantine
luster, having an astringent, sweetish taste. It is a
deadly poison.
White bass (Zool.), a fresh-water North American bass
(Roccus chrysops) found in the Great Likes.
White bear (Zool.), the polar bear. See under Polar.
White blood cell. (Physiol.) See Leucocyte.
White brand (Zool.), the snow goose.
White brass, a white alloy of copper; white copper.
White campion. (Bot.)
(a) A kind of catchfly (Silene stellata) with white
flowers.
(b) A white-flowered Lychnis (Lychnis vespertina).
White canon (R. C. Ch.), a Premonstratensian.
White caps, the members of a secret organization in various
of the United States, who attempt to drive away or reform
obnoxious persons by lynch-law methods. They appear masked
in white. Their actions resembled those of the Ku Klux
Klan in some ways but they were not formally affiliated
with the Klan, and their victims were often not black.
White cedar (Bot.), an evergreen tree of North America
(Thuja occidentalis), also the related {Cupressus
thyoides}, or Chamaecyparis sphaeroidea, a slender
evergreen conifer which grows in the so-called cedar
swamps of the Northern and Atlantic States. Both are much
valued for their durable timber. In California the name is
given to the Libocedrus decurrens, the timber of which
is also useful, though often subject to dry rot.
--Goodale. The white cedar of Demerara, Guiana, etc., is a
lofty tree (Icica altissima syn. Bursera altissima)
whose fragrant wood is used for canoes and cabinetwork, as
it is not attacked by insect.
White cell. (Physiol.) See Leucocyte.
White cell-blood (Med.), leucocythaemia.
White clover (Bot.), a species of small perennial clover
bearing white flowers. It furnishes excellent food for
cattle and horses, as well as for the honeybee. See also
under Clover.
White copper, a whitish alloy of copper. See {German
silver}, under German.
White copperas (Min.), a native hydrous sulphate of iron;
coquimbite.
White coral (Zool.), an ornamental branched coral
(Amphihelia oculata) native of the Mediterranean.
White corpuscle. (Physiol.) See Leucocyte.
White cricket (Zool.), the tree cricket.
White crop, a crop of grain which loses its green color, or
becomes white, in ripening, as wheat, rye, barley, and
oats, as distinguished from a green crop, or a root crop.
White currant (Bot.), a variety of the common red currant,
having white berries.
White daisy (Bot.), the oxeye daisy. See under Daisy.
White damp, a kind of poisonous gas encountered in coal
mines. --Raymond.
White elephant (Zool.),
(a) a whitish, or albino, variety of the Asiatic elephant.
(b) see white elephant in the vocabulary.
White elm (Bot.), a majestic tree of North America ({Ulmus
Americana}), the timber of which is much used for hubs of
wheels, and for other purposes.
White ensign. See Saint George's ensign, under Saint.
White feather, a mark or symbol of cowardice. See {To show
the white feather}, under Feather, n.
White fir (Bot.), a name given to several coniferous trees
of the Pacific States, as Abies grandis, and {Abies
concolor}.
White flesher (Zool.), the ruffed grouse. See under
Ruffed. [Canada]
White frost. See Hoarfrost.
White game (Zool.), the white ptarmigan.
White garnet (Min.), leucite.
White grass (Bot.), an American grass (Leersia Virginica)
with greenish-white paleae.
White grouse. (Zool.)
(a) The white ptarmigan.
(b) The prairie chicken. [Local, U. S.]
White grub (Zool.), the larva of the June bug and other
allied species. These grubs eat the roots of grasses and
other plants, and often do much damage.
White hake (Zool.), the squirrel hake. See under
Squirrel.
White hawk, or White kite (Zool.), the hen harrier.
White heat, the temperature at which bodies become
incandescent, and appear white from the bright light which
they emit.
White hellebore (Bot.), a plant of the genus Veratrum
(Veratrum album) See Hellebore, 2.
White herring, a fresh, or unsmoked, herring, as
distinguished from a red, or cured, herring. [R.] --Shak.
White hoolet (Zool.), the barn owl. [Prov. Eng.]
White horses (Naut.), white-topped waves; whitecaps.
The White House. See under House.
White ibis (Zool.), an American ibis (Guara alba) having
the plumage pure white, except the tips of the wings,
which are black. It inhabits tropical America and the
Southern United States. Called also Spanish curlew.
White iron.
(a) Thin sheets of iron coated with tin; tinned iron.
(b) A hard, silvery-white cast iron containing a large
proportion of combined carbon.
White iron pyrites (Min.), marcasite.
White land, a tough clayey soil, of a whitish hue when dry,
but blackish after rain. [Eng.]
White lark (Zool.), the snow bunting.
White lead.
(a) A carbonate of lead much used in painting, and for
other purposes; ceruse.
(b) (Min.) Native lead carbonate; cerusite.
White leather, buff leather; leather tanned with alum and
salt.
White leg (Med.), milk leg. See under Milk.
White lettuce (Bot.), rattlesnake root. See under
Rattlesnake.
White lie. See under Lie.
White light.
(a) (Physics) Light having the different colors in the
same proportion as in the light coming directly from
the sun, without having been decomposed, as by passing
through a prism. See the Note under Color, n., 1.
(b) A kind of firework which gives a brilliant white
illumination for signals, etc.
White lime, a solution or preparation of lime for
whitewashing; whitewash.
White line (Print.), a void space of the breadth of a line,
on a printed page; a blank line.
White meat.
(a) Any light-colored flesh, especially of poultry.
(b) Food made from milk or eggs, as butter, cheese, etc.
[1913 Webster]
Driving their cattle continually with them, and
feeding only upon their milk and white meats.
--Spenser.
[1913 Webster]
White merganser (Zool.), the smew.
White metal.
(a) Any one of several white alloys, as pewter, britannia,
etc.
(b) (Metal.) A fine grade of copper sulphide obtained at a
certain stage in copper smelting.
White miller. (Zool.)
(a) The common clothes moth.
(b) A common American bombycid moth ({Spilosoma
Virginica}) which is pure white with a few small black
spots; -- called also ermine moth, and {virgin
moth}. See Woolly bear, under Woolly.
White money, silver money.
White mouse (Zool.), the albino variety of the common
mouse.
White mullet (Zool.), a silvery mullet (Mugil curema)
ranging from the coast of the United States to Brazil; --
called also blue-back mullet, and liza.
White nun (Zool.), the smew; -- so called from the white
crest and the band of black feathers on the back of its
head, which give the appearance of a hood.
White oak. (Bot.) See under Oak.
White owl. (Zool.)
(a) The snowy owl.
(b) The barn owl.
White partridge (Zool.), the white ptarmigan.
White perch. (Zool.)
(a) A North American fresh-water bass (Morone Americana)
valued as a food fish.
(b) The croaker, or fresh-water drum.
(c) Any California surf fish.
White pine. (Bot.) See the Note under Pine.
White poplar (Bot.), a European tree (Populus alba) often
cultivated as a shade tree in America; abele.
White poppy (Bot.), the opium-yielding poppy. See Poppy.
White powder, a kind of gunpowder formerly believed to
exist, and to have the power of exploding without noise.
[Obs.]
[1913 Webster]
A pistol charged with white powder. --Beau. & Fl.
[1913 Webster]
White precipitate. (Old Chem.) See under Precipitate.
White rabbit. (Zool.)
(a) The American northern hare in its winter pelage.
(b) An albino rabbit.
White rent,
(a) (Eng. Law) Formerly, rent payable in silver; --
opposed to black rent. See Blackmail, n., 3.
(b) A rent, or duty, of eight pence, payable yearly by
every tinner in Devon and Cornwall to the Duke of
Cornwall, as lord of the soil. [Prov. Eng.]
White rhinoceros. (Zool.)
(a) The one-horned, or Indian, rhinoceros ({Rhinoceros
Indicus}). See Rhinoceros.
(b) The umhofo.
White ribbon, the distinctive badge of certain
organizations for the promotion of temperance or of moral
purity; as, the White-ribbon Army.
White rope (Naut.), untarred hemp rope.
White rot. (Bot.)
(a) Either of several plants, as marsh pennywort and
butterwort, which were thought to produce the disease
called rot in sheep.
(b) A disease of grapes. See White rot, under Rot.
White sage (Bot.), a white, woolly undershrub ({Eurotia
lanata}) of Western North America; -- called also {winter
fat}.
White salmon (Zool.), the silver salmon.
White salt, salt dried and calcined; decrepitated salt.
White scale (Zool.), a scale insect (Aspidiotus Nerii)
injurious to the orange tree. See Orange scale, under
Orange.
White shark (Zool.), a species of man-eating shark. See
under Shark.
White softening. (Med.) See Softening of the brain, under
Softening.
White spruce. (Bot.) See Spruce, n., 1.
White squall (Naut.), a sudden gust of wind, or furious
blow, which comes up without being marked in its approach
otherwise than by whitecaps, or white, broken water, on
the surface of the sea.
White staff, the badge of the lord high treasurer of
England. --Macaulay.
White stork (Zool.), the common European stork.
White sturgeon. (Zool.) See Shovelnose
(d) .
White sucker. (Zool.)
(a) The common sucker.
(b) The common red horse (Moxostoma macrolepidotum).
White swelling (Med.), a chronic swelling of the knee,
produced by a strumous inflammation of the synovial
membranes of the kneejoint and of the cancellar texture of
the end of the bone forming the kneejoint; -- applied also
to a lingering chronic swelling of almost any kind.
White tombac. See Tombac.
White trout (Zool.), the white weakfish, or silver
squeteague (Cynoscion nothus), of the Southern United
States.
White vitriol (Chem.), hydrous sulphate of zinc. See {White
vitriol}, under Vitriol.
White wagtail (Zool.), the common, or pied, wagtail.
White wax, beeswax rendered white by bleaching.
White whale (Zool.), the beluga.
White widgeon (Zool.), the smew.
White wine. any wine of a clear, transparent color,
bordering on white, as Madeira, sherry, Lisbon, etc.; --
distinguished from wines of a deep red color, as port and
Burgundy. "White wine of Lepe." --Chaucer.
White witch, a witch or wizard whose supernatural powers
are supposed to be exercised for good and beneficent
purposes. --Addison. --Cotton Mather.
White wolf. (Zool.)
(a) A light-colored wolf (Canis laniger) native of
Thibet; -- called also chanco, golden wolf, and
Thibetan wolf.
(b) The albino variety of the gray wolf.
White wren (Zool.), the willow warbler; -- so called from
the color of the under parts.
[1913 Webster]
[1913 Webster] |
C10H16N2O3S
(gcide) | biotin \bi"o*tin\ n.
a B vitamin (C10H16N2O3S) that aids in body growth; --
called also vitamin H and coenzyme R. It functions as a
coenzyme in many carboxylation reactions.
Note: Biotin binds tightly to the substance avidin, found in
raw egg-whites. Rats or chick on a diet high in raw
egg-white may develop skin lesions and retarded growth,
which can be prevented by adding biotin to the diet.
--[MI11]
Syn: .
[WordNet 1.5 +PJC] |
C10H5OHNH2SO3Na
(gcide) | Eikonogen \Ei*kon"o*gen\, n. [Gr. e'ikw`n, e'iko`nos, image +
root of gi`gnesqai to be born.] (Photog. & Chem.)
The sodium salt of a sulphonic acid of a naphthol,
C10H5(OH)(NH2)SO3Na used as a developer.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.] |
C10H6O3
(gcide) | Juglone \Ju"glone\, n. [L. juglans the walnut + -one.] (Chem.)
A yellow crystalline substance (C10H6O3) resembling
quinone, extracted from green shucks of the walnut ({Juglans
regia}); -- called also nucin. Chemically, it is
5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthalenedione.
[1913 Webster] |
C12H13NO3
(gcide) | Cotarnine \Co*tar"nine\ (k?-t?r"n?n or -n?n), n. [F., fr.
narcotine, by transposition of letters.] (Chem.)
A white, crystalline substance, C12H13NO3, obtained as a
product of the decomposition of narcotine. It has weak basic
properties, and is usually regarded as an alkaloid.
[1913 Webster] |
C12H17NO3
(gcide) | Cerulenin \Ce`ru*len"in\, n. [isolated from Cephalosporium
caerulens.] (Chem.)
an antifungal antibiotic, C12H17NO3. It inhibits the growth
of yeasts by interfering with the synthesis of sterols and
fatty acids.
[PJC] |
C14H24O3
(gcide) | Lichenic \Li*chen"ic\ (l[-i]*k[e^]n"[i^]k), a.
Of, pertaining to, or obtained from, lichens.
[1913 Webster]
Lichenic acid.
(a) An organic acid, C14H24O3, obtained from Iceland moss.
(b) An old name of fumaric acid.
[1913 Webster] |
C18H21NO3
(gcide) | Codeine \Co"deine\ (k[=o]"d[=e]n or k[-o]*d[=e]"[i^]n), n. [Gr.
kw`deia poppy head: cf. F. cod['e]ine.] (Chem.)
One of the opium alkaloids; a white crystalline substance,
C18H21NO3, similar to and regarded as a derivative of
morphine, but much feebler in its action; -- called also
codeia.
[1913 Webster] |
C18H27O3N
(gcide) | Pepper \Pep"per\ (p[e^]p"p[~e]r), n. [OE. peper, AS. pipor, L.
piper, fr. Gr. pe`peri, pi`peri, akin to Skr. pippala,
pippali.]
1. A well-known, pungently aromatic condiment, the dried
berry, either whole or powdered, of the Piper nigrum.
[1913 Webster]
Note: Common pepper, or black pepper, is made from the
whole berry, dried just before maturity; white pepper
is made from the ripe berry after the outer skin has
been removed by maceration and friction. It has less of
the peculiar properties of the plant than the black
pepper. Pepper is used in medicine as a carminative
stimulant.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Bot.) The plant which yields pepper, an East Indian woody
climber (Piper nigrum), with ovate leaves and apetalous
flowers in spikes opposite the leaves. The berries are red
when ripe. Also, by extension, any one of the several
hundred species of the genus Piper, widely dispersed
throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the
earth.
[1913 Webster]
3. Any plant of the genus Capsicum (of the Solanaceae
family, which are unrelated to Piper), and its fruit;
red pepper; chili pepper; as, the bell pepper and the
jalapeno pepper (both Capsicum annuum) and the
habanero pepper (Capsicum chinense); . These contain
varying levels of the substance capsaicin (C18H27O3N),
which gives the peppers their hot taste. The habanero is
about 25-50 times hotter than the jalapeno according to a
scale developed by Wilbur Scoville in 1912. See also
Capsicum and http://www.chili-pepper-plants.com/.
[1913 Webster + PJC]
Note: The term pepper has been extended to various other
fruits and plants, more or less closely resembling the
true pepper, esp. to the common varieties of
Capsicum. See Capsicum, and the Phrases, below.
[1913 Webster]
African pepper, the Guinea pepper. See under Guinea.
Cayenne pepper. See under Cayenne.
Chinese pepper, the spicy berries of the {Xanthoxylum
piperitum}, a species of prickly ash found in China and
Japan.
Guinea pepper. See under Guinea, and Capsicum.
Jamaica pepper. See Allspice.
Long pepper.
(a) The spike of berries of Piper longum, an East Indian
shrub.
(b) The root of Piper methysticum (syn. {Macropiper
methysticum}) of the family Piperaceae. See Kava.
Malaguetta pepper, or Meleguetta pepper, the aromatic
seeds of the Amomum Melegueta, an African plant of the
Ginger family. They are sometimes used to flavor beer,
etc., under the name of grains of Paradise.
Red pepper. See Capsicum.
Sweet pepper bush (Bot.), an American shrub ({Clethra
alnifolia}), with racemes of fragrant white flowers; --
called also white alder.
Pepper box or Pepper caster, a small box or bottle, with
a perforated lid, used for sprinkling ground pepper on
food, etc.
Pepper corn. See in the Vocabulary.
Pepper elder (Bot.), a West Indian name of several plants
of the Pepper family, species of Piper and Peperomia.
Pepper moth (Zool.), a European moth (Biston betularia)
having white wings covered with small black specks.
Pepper pot, a mucilaginous soup or stew of vegetables and
cassareep, much esteemed in the West Indies.
Pepper root. (Bot.). See Coralwort.
pepper sauce, a condiment for the table, made of small red
peppers steeped in vinegar.
Pepper tree (Bot.), an aromatic tree (Drimys axillaris)
of the Magnolia family, common in New Zealand. See
Peruvian mastic tree, under Mastic.
[1913 Webster]Capsicum \Cap"si*cum\ (k[a^]p"s[i^]*k[u^]m), n. [NL., fr. L.
capsa box, chest.] (Bot.)
A genus of plants of many species, producing capsules or dry
berries of various forms, which have an exceedingly pungent,
biting taste, and when ground form the red or Cayenne pepper
of commerce.
[1913 Webster]
Note: The most important species are Capsicum baccatum or
bird pepper, Capsicum fastigiatum or chili pepper,
Capsicum frutescens or spur pepper (from which
tabasco is obtained), Capsicum chinense, which
includes the fiery-hot habanero pepper, and {Capsicum
annuum} or Guinea pepper, which includes the bell
pepper, the jalapeno pepper, the cayenne pepper, and
other common garden varieties. The fruit is much used,
both in its green and ripe state, in pickles and in
cookery. These contain varying levels of the substance
capsaicin (C18H27O3N), which gives the peppers
their hot taste. The habanero is about 25-50 times
hotter than the jalapeno according to a scale developed
by Wilbur Scoville in 1912. See also Cayenne pepper,
pepper and http://www.chili-pepper-plants.com/.
[1913 Webster + PJC]
3. Any plant of the genus Capsicum (of the Solanaceae
family, which are unrelated to Piper), and its fruit;
red pepper; chili pepper; as, the bell pepper and the
jalapeno pepper (both Capsicum annuum) and the
habanero pepper (Capsicum chinense); .
[1913 Webster + PJC] |
C18H34O3
(gcide) | Palmic \Pal"mic\, a. [Cf. F. palmique.] (Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, or derived from, the castor-oil plant
(Ricinus communis, or Palma Christi) and other species of
the family Euphorbiaceae; -- formerly used to designate an
acid now called ricinoleic acid (d-12-hydroxyoleic acid,
C18H34O3). [Obsoles.]
[1913 Webster]ricinoleic acid \ric`in*o"le*ic ac"id\, n. (Chem.)
An organic acid (C18H34O3) obtained from the castor-oil
plant (Ricinus communis, or Palma Christi) and other
species of the family Euphorbiaceae; chemicaly it is
d-12-hydroxyoleic acid
(CH3(CH2)5.CH(OH).CH2.CH=CH.(CH2)7COOH). Formerly called
palmic acid.
[1913 Webster +PJC]Ricinoleic \Ric`in*o"le*ic\, a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or designating, a fatty acid analogous to
oleic acid, obtained from castor oil as an oily substance,
C18H34O3 with a harsh taste. Formerly written ricinolic
and formerly referred to as palmic.
[1913 Webster +PJC] |
C19H21NO3
(gcide) | Thebaine \The*ba"ine\, n. [So called from a kind of Egyptian
opium produced at Thebes.] (Chem.)
A poisonous alkaloid, C19H21NO3, found in opium in small
quantities, having a sharp, astringent taste, and a tetanic
action resembling that of strychnine.
[1913 Webster] |
C20H16O3
(gcide) | Rosolic \Ro*sol"ic\, a. [Rose + carbolic.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or designating, a complex red dyestuff (called
rosolic acid) which is analogous to rosaniline and aurin. It
is produced by oxidizing a mixture of phenol and cresol, as a
dark red amorphous mass, C20H16O3, which forms weak salts
with bases, and stable ones with acids. Called also {methyl
aurin}, and, formerly, corallin.
[1913 Webster] |
C2H7NSO3
(gcide) | Taurine \Tau"rine\, n. [So named because it was discovered in
the bile of the ox. See Taurus.] (Physiol. Chem.)
A chemical compound occurring in small quantity in the juices
of muscle, in the lungs, and elsewhere, but especially in the
bile, where it is found as a component part of taurocholic
acid, from which it can be prepared by decomposition of the
acid. It crystallizes in colorless, regular six-sided prisms,
and is especially characterized by containing both nitrogen
and sulphur, being chemically amido-isethionic acid,
C2H7NSO3.
[1913 Webster] |
C3H6O3
(gcide) | Lactic \Lac"tic\, a. [L. lac, lactis, milk: cf. F. lactique. See
Lacteal, and cf. Galactic.] (Physiol. Chem.)
Of or pertaining to milk; procured from sour milk or whey;
as, lactic acid; lactic fermentation, etc.
[1913 Webster]
Lactic acid (Physiol. Chem.), a sirupy, colorless fluid,
soluble in water, with an intensely sour taste and strong
acid reaction. There is one center of optical activity,
and this results in the observation of three isomeric
modifications all having the formula C3H6O3; one is
dextrorotatory (L-lactic acid), the other levorotatory
(D-lactic acid), and the third an optically inactive
mixture of the first two (DL-lactic acid); chemically it
is 2-hydroxypropanoic acid. Sarcolactic acid or
paralactic acid occurs chiefly in dead muscle tissue,
while ordinary lactic acid (DL-lactic acid) results from
fermentation, such as the fermentation of milk by lactic
acid bacteria. The two acids are alike in having the same
constitution (expressed by the name {ethylidene lactic
acid}), but the latter is optically inactive, while
sarcolactic acid rotates the plane of polarization to the
right. The third acid, ethylene lactic acid, accompanies
sarcolactic acid in the juice of flesh, and is optically
inactive.
Lactic ferment, an organized ferment (Bacterium lacticum
or Bacterium lactis), which produces lactic
fermentation, decomposing the sugar of milk into carbonic
and lactic acids, the latter, of which renders the milk
sour, and precipitates the casein, thus giving rise to the
so-called spontaneous coagulation of milk.
Lactic fermentation. See under Fermentation.
[1913 Webster +PJC] |
C3H7NO3
(gcide) | Serine \Ser"ine\ (s[e^]r"[=e]n; s[e^]r"[i^]n; also, less
correctly, s[=e]r"[=e]n), n. [L. sericus silken.] (Chem.)
one of the natural L-amino acids, obtainable as a white
crystalline nitrogenous substance by the action of dilute
sulphuric acid on silk gelatin. It is found in many proteins,
and, having a free primary hydroxyl group on the side chain,
is involved in the catalytic action at the active site of
some enzymes, such as proteases. The IUPAC abbreviation for
serine in protein sequences is Ser. Chemically it is
2-amino-3-hydroxy-propanoic acid (C3H7NO3),
HO.CH2.CH(NH2).COOH.
[1913 Webster +PJC] Serio-comic |
C3N2H2O3
(gcide) | Parabanic \Par`a*ban"ic\, a. [Gr. ? to pass over.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or designating, a nitrogenous acid which is
obtained by the oxidation of uric acid, as a white
crystalline substance (C3N2H2O3); -- also called oxalyl
urea.
[1913 Webster] |
C3N3H5O3
(gcide) | Oxalan \Ox"a*lan\, n. [From Alloxan, by transposition of
letters.] (Chem.)
A complex nitrogenous substance C3N3H5O3 obtained from
alloxan (or when urea is fused with ethyl oxamate), as a
stable white crystalline powder; -- called also
oxaluramide.
[1913 Webster] |
C3N3O3H3
(gcide) | Polymeric \Pol`y*mer"ic\, a. [Poly- + Gr. ? part.] (Chem.)
Having the same percentage composition (that is, having the
same elements united in the same proportion by weight), but
different molecular weights; -- often used with with; thus,
cyanic acid (CNOH), fulminic acid (C2N2O2H2), and
cyanuric acid (C3N3O3H3), are polymeric with each other.
[1913 Webster]
Note: The figures expressing the number of atoms of each
element in a number of polymeric substances are
respectively multiples and factors of each other, or
have some simple common divisor. The relation may be
merely a numerical one, as in the example given above,
or a chemical one, as in the case of aldehyde,
paraldehyde, and metaldehyde.
[1913 Webster]
[1913 Webster] |
C3O3N3H3
(gcide) | Cyanuric acid \Cyanuric acid\ (Chem.),
an organic acid, C3O3N3H3, first obtained by heating uric
acid or urea, and called pyrouric acid; afterwards obtained
from isocyanic acid. It is a white crystalline substance,
odorless and almost tasteless; -- called also tricarbimide.
[1913 Webster] |
C4H8N2O3H2O
(gcide) | Asparagine \As*par"a*gine\, n. [Cf. F. asparagine.] (Chem.)
A white, nitrogenous, crystallizable substance,
C4H8N2O3+H2O, found in many plants, and first obtained from
asparagus. It is believed to aid in the disposition of
nitrogenous matter throughout the plant; -- called also
altheine.
[1913 Webster] |
C5H4N4O3
(gcide) | Uric \U"ric\, a. [Gr. ? urine: cf. F. urique. See Urine.]
(Physiol. Chem.)
Of or pertaining to urine; obtained from urine; as, uric
acid.
[1913 Webster]
Uric acid, a crystalline body, present in small quantity in
the urine of man and most mammals. Combined in the form of
urate of ammonia, it is the chief constituent of the urine
of birds and reptiles, forming the white part. Traces of
it are also found in the various organs of the body. It is
likewise a common constituent, either as the free acid or
as a urate, of urinary or renal calculi and of the
so-called gouty concretions. From acid urines, uric acid
is frequently deposited, on standing in a cool place, in
the form of a reddish yellow sediment, nearly always
crystalline. Chemically, it is composed of carbon,
hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen, C5H4N4O3, and by
decomposition yields urea, among other products. It can be
made synthetically by heating together urea and glycocoll.
It was formerly called also lithic acid, in allusion to
its occurrence in stone, or calculus.
[1913 Webster] |
C5H6O3
(gcide) | Tetrinic \Te*trin"ic\, a. [See Tetra-.] (Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, or designating, a complex ketonic acid,
C5H6O3, obtained as a white crystalline substance; -- so
called because once supposed to contain a peculiar radical of
four carbon atoms. Called also acetyl-acrylic acid.
[1913 Webster] |
C5H8O3
(gcide) | Levulinic \Lev`u*lin"ic\ (-l[i^]n"[i^]k), a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or denoting, an acid (called also
acetyl-propionic acid), C5H8O3, obtained by the action of
dilute acids on various sugars (as levulose). [Written also
laevulinic.]
[1913 Webster] |
C5H9NO3
(gcide) | hydroxyproline \hydroxyproline\ n.
A crystalline amino acid (C5H9NO3), a hydroxylated proline,
obtained by hydrolysis of gelatin or collagen. Chemically it
is 4-hydroxy-L-proline. It is classified as nonessential for
growth in rats.
[WordNet 1.5 +PJC] |
C5O3OH2
(gcide) | Croconic \Cro*con"ic\ (kr?-k?n"?k), a. [Gr. ???? saffron.]
1. Of, pertaining to, or resembling saffron; having the color
of saffron; as, croconic acid.
[1913 Webster]
2. Pertaining to, or derived from, croconic acid.
[1913 Webster]
Croconic acid (Chem.), a yellow crystalline substance,
C5O3(OH)2, obtained from potassium carboxide, rhodizonic
acid, and various phenol and quinone derivatives of
benzene, and forming yellow or orange colored salts.
[1913 Webster] |
C6H12O3
(gcide) | Paraldehyde \Par*al"de*hyde\, n. [Pref. para- + aldehyde.]
(Chem.)
A trimer of acetaldehyde (C6H12O3), prepared by
polymerization of acetaldehyde with hydrochloric and sulfuric
acids. It has sedative and hypnotic properties. --MI11
[PJC] |
C6H2HO3CO2H
(gcide) | Gallic \Gal"lic\ (277), a. [From Gall the excrescence.]
Pertaining to, or derived from, galls, nutgalls, and the
like.
[1913 Webster]
Gallic acid (Chem.), an organic acid, very widely
distributed in the vegetable kingdom, being found in the
free state in galls, tea, etc., and produced artificially.
It is a white, crystalline substance, C6H2(HO)3.CO2H,
with an astringent taste, and is a strong reducing agent,
as employed in photography. It is usually prepared from
tannin, and both give a dark color with iron salts,
forming tannate and gallate of iron, which are the
essential ingredients of common black ink.
[1913 Webster] |
C7H17NO3
(gcide) | acetylcholine \acetylcholine\ n.
1. a neurotransmitter released by the transmitting dendron at
autononmous synapses and at neuromuscular junctions. It is
a quaternary amine with an obligatory negative counterion.
The nominal formula for the hydroxide form is C7H17NO3.
Structural formula (CH3)3N(+)CH2CH2.O.CO.CH3.OH(-).
Note: Acetylcholine is the first recognized and best-studied
of the neurotransmitters. At receptors it is recycled
into choline by the action of acetylcholinesterase.
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors therefore function as
nerve poisons. For biochemical studies it is prepared
typically in the chloride or bromide forms.
[WordNet 1.5 +PJC] |
C7H7NO3
(gcide) | Orcein \Or"ce*in\, n. (Chem.)
A reddish brown amorphous dyestuff, C7H7NO3, obtained from
orcin, and forming the essential coloring matter of cudbear
and archil. It is closely related to litmus.
[1913 Webster] |
C7H8O3
(gcide) | Uvic \U"vic\, a. [L. uva grape.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or obtained from, grapes; specifically,
designating an organic acid, C7H8O3 (also called
pyrotritartaric acid), obtained as a white crystalline
substance by the decomposition of tartaric and pyrotartaric
acids.
[1913 Webster] |
C8H11NO3
(gcide) | norepinephrine \norepinephrine\ n.
A hormone (C8H11NO3) secreted by the adrenal medulla; it
also serves as a neurotransmitter, released at synapses;
called also noradrenaline. Chemically it is
2-amino-1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethanol. It is a precursor of
epinephrine in the body.
Syn: noradrenaline.
[WordNet 1.5] norethandrolone |
C9H13NO3
(gcide) | Adrenaline \Ad*re"nal*ine\, n. Also Adrenalin \Ad*re"nal*in\
(Physiol. Chem.)
a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla that acts as a
powerful stimulant in reponse to fear or stress; it
stimulates autonomic nerve action. It can be obtained as a
crystalline substance, C9H13NO3. It is used in medicine as
a vasoconstrictor (hemostatic) and cardiac stimulant, also to
reduce allergic reactions and to stimulate the heart in cases
of cardiac arrest. --MI11
Syn: epinephrine;
3,4-dihydroxy-1-[1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)-ethyl]benzene.
[Webster 1913 Suppl. +PJC] |
C9H6O3
(gcide) | Umbelliferone \Um`bel*lif"er*one\, n. (Chem.)
A tasteless white crystalline substance, C9H6O3, found in
the bark of a certain plant (Daphne Mezereum), and also
obtained by the distillation of certain gums from the
Umbelliferae, as galbanum, asafetida, etc. It is analogous
to coumarin. Called also hydroxy-coumarin. Its strong
fluorescence under ultraviolet light makes it useful in
analytical biochemistry, as, for example, to detect
phosphatase activity by hydrolysis of umbelliferyl phosphate.
[1913 Webster +PJC] |
CaSiO3
(gcide) | Metasilicic \Met`a*si*lic"ic\, a. [Pref. meta- + silicic.]
(Chem.)
Designating an acid derived from silicic acid by the removal
of water; of or pertaining to such an acid.
[1913 Webster]
Note: The salts of metasilicic acid are often called
bisilicates, in mineralogy, as Wollastonite (CaSiO3).
[1913 Webster]
Metasilicic acid (Chem.), a gelatinous substance, or white
amorphous powder, analogous to carbonic acid, and forming
many stable salts.
[1913 Webster] |
CH2SO3H2
(gcide) | Methionic \Meth`i*on"ic\, a. [Methyl + thionic.] (Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, or designating, a sulphonic (thionic) acid
derivative of methane, obtained as a stable white crystalline
substance, CH2.(SO3H)2, which forms well defined salts.
[1913 Webster] |
Cr2O3
(gcide) | Chrome \Chrome\, n.
Same as Chromium.
[1913 Webster]
Chrome alum (Chem.), a dark violet substance,
(SO4)3Cr2.K2SO4.24H2O, analogous to, and crystallizing
like, common alum. It is regarded as a double sulphate of
chromium and potassium.
Chrome green
(a) The green oxide of chromium, Cr2O3, used in enamel
painting, and glass staining.
(b) A pigment made by mixing chrome yellow with Prussian
blue.
Chrome red, a beautiful red pigment originally prepared
from the basic chromate of lead, but now made from red
oxide of lead.
Chrome yellow, a brilliant yellow pigment, PbCrO4, used
by painters.
[1913 Webster] |
CrO3
(gcide) | Chromic \Chro"mic\, a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or obtained from, chromium; -- said of the
compounds of chromium in which it has its higher valence.
[1913 Webster]
Chromic acid, an acid, H2CrO4, analogous to sulphuric
acid, not readily obtained in the free state, but forming
well known salts, many of which are colored pigments, as
chrome yellow, chrome red, etc.
Chromic anhydride, a brilliant red crystalline substance,
CrO3, regarded as the anhydride of chromic acid. It is
one of the most powerful oxidizers known.
[1913 Webster] |
Er2O3
(gcide) | Erbium \Er"bi*um\, n. [NL. from Ytterby, in Sweden, where
gadolinite is found. Cf. Terbium, Yttrium, Ytterbium.]
(Chem.)
A rare earth element of the lanthanide series associated with
several other rare elements in the mineral gadolinite from
Ytterby in Sweden. Symbol Er. It has atomic number 68 and an
atomic weight of 167.26. The pure element is metallic with a
bright, silvery luster. It is relatively stable in air, not
oxidizing as quickly as some other rare earths. Its salts are
rose-colored and give characteristic spectra, and the pink
oxide has been added as a colorant in glass and porcelain
enamel glazes. Its sesquioxide Er2O3 is called erbia.
--HCP61
[1913 Webster +PJC] |
Fe2O3
(gcide) | Multiple \Mul"ti*ple\, a. [Cf. F. multiple, and E. quadruple,
and multiply.]
Containing more than once, or more than one; consisting of
more than one; manifold; repeated many times; having several,
or many, parts.
[1913 Webster]
Law of multiple proportion (Chem.), the generalization that
when the same elements unite in more than one proportion,
forming two or more different compounds, the higher
proportions of the elements in such compounds are simple
multiples of the lowest proportion, or the proportions are
connected by some simple common factor; thus, iron and
oxygen unite in the proportions FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4,
in which compounds, considering the oxygen, 3 and 4 are
simple multiplies of 1. Called also the Law of Dalton or
Dalton's Law, from its discoverer.
Multiple algebra, a branch of advanced mathematics that
treats of operations upon units compounded of two or more
unlike units.
Multiple conjugation (Biol.), a coalescence of many cells
(as where an indefinite number of amoeboid cells flow
together into a single mass) from which conjugation proper
and even fertilization may have been evolved.
Multiple fruits. (Bot.) See Collective fruit, under
Collective.
Multiple star (Astron.), several stars in close proximity,
which appear to form a single system.
[1913 Webster]Bower-Barff process \Bow"er-Barff" proc`ess\ . (Metal.)
A certain process for producing upon articles of iron or
steel an adherent coating of the magnetic oxide of iron
(which is not liable to corrosion by air, moisture, or
ordinary acids). This is accomplished by producing, by
oxidation at about 1600[deg] F. in a closed space, a coating
containing more or less of the ferric oxide (Fe2O3) and the
subsequent change of this in a reduced atmosphere to the
magnetic oxide (Fe2O4).
[Webster 1913 Suppl.]Ferric \Fer"ric\, a. [L. ferrum iron: cf. F. ferrique. See
Ferrous.]
Pertaining to, derived from, or containing iron. Specifically
(Chem.), denoting those compounds in which iron has a higher
valence than in the ferrous compounds; as, ferric oxide;
ferric acid.
[1913 Webster]
Ferric acid (Chem.), an acid, H2FeO4, which is not known
in the free state, but forms definite salts, analogous to
the chromates and sulphates.
Ferric oxide (Chem.), sesquioxide of iron, Fe2O3;
hematite. See Hematite.
[1913 Webster] |
FeNO33
(gcide) | Ion \I"on\ ([imac]"[o^]n), n. [Gr. 'io`n, neut, of 'iw`n, p. pr.
of 'ie`nai to go.]
1. (Elec. Chem.) an atom or goup of atoms (radical) carrying
an electrical charge. It is contrasted with neutral atoms
or molecules, and free radicals. Certain compounds, such
as sodium chloride, are composed of complementary ions in
the solid (crystalline) as well as in solution. Others,
notably acids such as hydrogen chloride, may occur as
neutral molecules in the pure liquid or gas forms, and
ionize almost completely in dilute aqueous solutions. In
solutions (as in water) ions are frequently bound
non-covalently with the molecules of solvent, and in that
case are said to be solvated. According to the
electrolytic dissociation theory, the molecules of
electrolytes are divided into ions by water and other
solvents. An ion consists of one or more atoms and carries
one unit charges of electricity, 3.4 x 10^-10
electrostatic units, or a multiple of this. Those which
are positively electrified (hydrogen and the metals) are
called cations; negative ions (hydroxyl and acidic atoms
or groups) are called anions.
Note: Thus, hydrochloric acid (HCl) dissociates, in aqueous
solution, into the hydrogen ion, H+, and the chlorine
ion, Cl-; ferric nitrate, Fe(NO3)3, yields the
ferric ion, Fe+++, and nitrate ions, NO3-, NO3-,
NO3-. When a solution containing ions is made part of
an electric circuit, the cations move toward the
cathode, the anions toward the anode. This movement is
called migration, and the velocity of it differs for
different kinds of ions. If the electromotive force is
sufficient, electrolysis ensues: cations give up their
charge at the cathode and separate in metallic form or
decompose water, forming hydrogen and alkali;
similarly, at the anode the element of the anion
separates, or the metal of the anode is dissolved, or
decomposition occurs. Aluminum and chlorine are
elements prepared predominantly by such electrolysis,
and depends on dissolving compounds in a solvent where
the element forms ions. Electrolysis is also used in
refining other metals, such as copper and silver. Cf.
Anion, Cation.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.]
2. One of the small electrified particles into which the
molecules of a gas are broken up under the action of the
electric current, of ultraviolet and certain other rays,
and of high temperatures. To the properties and behavior
of ions the phenomena of the electric discharge through
rarefied gases and many other important effects are
ascribed. At low pressures the negative ions appear to be
electrons; the positive ions, atoms minus an electron. At
ordinary pressures each ion seems to include also a number
of attached molecules. Ions may be formed in a gas in
various ways.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.] |
Gd2O3
(gcide) | Gadolinia \Gad`o*lin"i*a\, n. [NL. See Gadolinite.] (Chem.)
A rare earth associated with yttria and regarded as the oxide
(Gd2O3) of a metallic element, gadolinium.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.] |
H2S2O3
(gcide) | Thiosulphuric \Thi`o*sul*phur"ic\, a. [Thio- + sulphuric.]
(Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, or designating, an unstable acid,
H2S2O3, analogous to sulphuric acid, and formerly called
hyposulphurous acid.
[1913 Webster] |
H2SO3
(gcide) | Sulphurous \Sul"phur*ous\, a. [L. sulphurosus, sulfurosus: cf.
F. sulfureux.]
1. Of or pertaining to sulphur.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Chem.)
(a) Derived from, or containing, sulphur; specifically,
designating those compounds in which the element has a
lower valence as contrasted with the sulphuric
compounds.
(b) Having the characteristic odor of sulphur dioxide, or
of hydrogen sulphide, or of other sulphur compounds.
[1913 Webster]
Sulphurous acid.
(a) Sulphur dioxide. See under Sulphur. [Obs.]
(b) An acid, H2SO3, not known in the free state except
as a solution of sulphur dioxide in water, but forming
a well-known series of salts (the sulphites).
Sulphurous anhydride (Chem.), sulphur dioxide. See under
Sulphur.
[1913 Webster] |
H3C3N3O3
(gcide) | Fulminuric \Ful"mi*nu"ric\, a. [Fulminic + cyanuric.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to fulminic and cyanuric acids, and designating an
acid so called.
[1913 Webster]
Fulminuric acid (Chem.), a white, crystalline, explosive
substance, H3C3N3O3, forming well known salts, and
obtained from the fulminates. It is isomeric with cyanuric
acid, and hence is also called isocyanuric acid.
[1913 Webster] |
H3PO3
(gcide) | Phosphorous \Phos"phor*ous\ (f[o^]s"f[o^]r*[u^]s), a. [Cf. F.
phosphoreux.] (Chem.)
Of or pertaining to phosphorus; resembling or containing
phosphorus; specifically, designating those compounds in
which phosphorus has a lower valence as contrasted with
phosphoric compounds; as, phosphorous acid, H3PO3.
[1913 Webster] |
HClO3
(gcide) | Chloric \Chlo"ric\, a. [From Chlorine.]
Pertaining to, or obtained from, chlorine; -- said of those
compounds of chlorine in which this element has a valence of
five, or the next to its highest; as, chloric acid, HClO3.
[1913 Webster]
Chloric ether (Chem.), ethylene dichloride. See {Dutch
liquid}, under Dutch.
[1913 Webster] |
HIO3
(gcide) | Iodic \I*od"ic\, a. [Cf. F. iodique. See Iodine.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or containing, iodine; specif., denoting those
compounds in which it has a relatively high valence; as,
iodic acid.
[1913 Webster]
Iodic acid, a monobasic acid (HIO3), consisting of iodine
with three parts of oxygen and one of hydrogen.
[1913 Webster] |
HNaCO3
(gcide) | Sodium bicarbonate \Sodium bicarbonate\,
a white crystalline substance, HNaCO3, with a slight
alkaline taste resembling that of sodium carbonate. It is
found in many mineral springs and also produced
artificially,. It is used in cookery, in baking powders, and
as a source of carbonic acid gas (carbon dioxide) for soda
water. Called also baking soda, cooking soda,
bicarbonate of soda, bicarb, saleratus, and
technically, acid sodium carbonate, {sodium acid
carbonate}, primary sodium carbonate, sodium dicarbonate,
etc.
[1913 Webster] |
HOC2H4SO3H
(gcide) | Isethionic \I*seth`i*on"ic\, a. [Is- + ethionic.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, an acid,
HO.C2H4.SO3H, obtained as an oily or crystalline substance,
by the action of sulphur trioxide on alcohol or ether. It is
derivative of sulphuric acid.
[1913 Webster] |
HPO3
(gcide) | metaphosphoric \met`a*phos*phor"ic\, a. [Pref. meta- +
phosphoric.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or designating, a monobasic acid, HPO3,
analogous to nitric acid, and, by heating phosphoric acid,
obtained as a crystalline substance, commonly called {glacial
phosphoric acid}. Compare the tribasic {orthophosphoric
acid}.
[1913 Webster +PJC] |
HSbO3
(gcide) | Metantimonic \Met`an*ti*mon"ic\, a. [Pref. met- + antimonic.]
(Chem.)
(a) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid (formerly called
antimonic acid) analogous to metaphosphoric acid, and
obtained as a white amorphous insoluble substance,
(HSbO3).
(b) Formerly, designating an acid, which is now properly
called pyroantimonic acid, and analogous to
pyrophosphoric acid.
[1913 Webster] |
KNO3
(gcide) | Saltpeter \Salt`pe"ter\, Saltpetre \Salt`pe"tre\,
(s[add]lt`p[=e]"t[~e]r), n. [F. salp[^e]tre, NL. sal petrae,
literally, rock salt, or stone salt; so called because it
exudes from rocks or walls. See Salt, and Petrify.]
(Chem.)
Potassium nitrate; niter; a white crystalline substance,
KNO3, having a cooling saline taste, obtained by leaching
from certain soils in which it is produced by the process of
nitrification (see Nitrification, 2). It is a strong
oxidizer, is the chief constituent of gunpowder, and is also
used as an antiseptic in curing meat, and in medicine as a
diuretic, diaphoretic, and refrigerant.
[1913 Webster]
Chili salpeter (Chem.), sodium nitrate (distinguished from
potassium nitrate, or true salpeter), a white crystalline
substance, NaNO3, having a cooling, saline, slightly
bitter taste. It is obtained by leaching the soil of the
rainless districts of Chili and Peru. It is deliquescent
and cannot be used in gunpowder, but is employed in the
production of nitric acid. Called also cubic niter.
Saltpeter acid (Chem.), nitric acid; -- sometimes so called
because made from saltpeter.
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Na2CO310H2O
(gcide) | Sodium \So"di*um\, n. [NL., fr.E. soda.] (Chem.)
A common metallic element of the alkali group, in nature
always occuring combined, as in common salt, in albite, etc.
It is isolated as a soft, waxy, white, unstable metal, so
highly reactive that it combines violently with water, and to
be preserved must be kept under petroleum or some similar
liquid. Sodium is used combined in many salts, in the free
state as a reducer, and as a means of obtaining other metals
(as magnesium and aluminium) is an important commercial
product. Symbol Na (Natrium). Atomic weight 22.990.
Specific gravity 0.97.
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Sodium amalgam, an alloy of sodium and mercury, usually
produced as a gray metallic crystalline substance, which
is used as a reducing agent, and otherwise.
Sodium carbonate, a white crystalline substance,
Na2CO3.10H2O, having a cooling alkaline taste, found in
the ashes of many plants, and produced artifically in
large quantities from common salt. It is used in making
soap, glass, paper, etc., and as alkaline agent in many
chemical industries. Called also sal soda, {washing
soda}, or soda. Cf. Sodium bicarbonate, and Trona.
Sodium chloride, common, or table, salt, NaCl.
Sodium hydroxide, a white opaque brittle solid, NaOH,
having a fibrous structure, produced by the action of
quicklime, or of calcium hydrate (milk of lime), on sodium
carbonate. It is a strong alkali, and is used in the
manufacture of soap, in making wood pulp for paper, etc.
Called also sodium hydrate, and caustic soda. By
extension, a solution of sodium hydroxide.
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Na2CO32HNaCO32H2O
(gcide) | Trona \Tro"na\, n. [Of Egyptian or North African origin.] (Chem.
& Min.)
A native double salt, consisting of a combination of neutral
and acid sodium carbonate, Na2CO3.2HNaCO3.2H2O, occurring
as a white crystalline fibrous deposit from certain soda
brine springs and lakes; -- called also urao, and by the
ancients nitrum.
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NaKCO36H2O
(gcide) | Double \Dou"ble\ (d[u^]b"'l), a. [OE. doble, duble, double, OF.
doble, duble, double, F. double, fr. L. duplus, fr. the root
of duo two, and perh. that of plenus full; akin to Gr.
diplo`os double. See Two, and Full, and cf. Diploma,
Duple.]
1. Twofold; multiplied by two; increased by its equivalent;
made twice as large or as much, etc.
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Let a double portion of thy spirit be upon me. -- 2
Kings ii. 9.
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Darkness and tempest make a double night. --Dryden.
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2. Being in pairs; presenting two of a kind, or two in a set
together; coupled.
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[Let] The swan, on still St. Mary's lake,
Float double, swan and shadow. --Wordsworth.
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3. Divided into two; acting two parts, one openly and the
other secretly; equivocal; deceitful; insincere.
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With a double heart do they speak. -- Ps. xii. 2.
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4. (Bot.) Having the petals in a flower considerably
increased beyond the natural number, usually as the result
of cultivation and the expense of the stamens, or stamens
and pistils. The white water lily and some other plants
have their blossoms naturally double.
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Note: Double is often used as the first part of a compound
word, generally denoting two ways, or twice the number,
quantity, force, etc., twofold, or having two.
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Double base, or Double bass (Mus.), the largest and
lowest-toned instrument in the violin form; the
contrabasso or violone.
Double convex. See under Convex.
Double counterpoint (Mus.), that species of counterpoint or
composition, in which two of the parts may be inverted, by
setting one of them an octave higher or lower.
Double court (Lawn Tennis), a court laid out for four
players, two on each side.
Double dagger (Print.), a reference mark ([dag]) next to
the dagger ([dagger]) in order; a diesis.
Double drum (Mus.), a large drum that is beaten at both
ends.
Double eagle, a gold coin of the United States having the
value of 20 dollars.
Double entry. See under Bookkeeping.
Double floor (Arch.), a floor in which binding joists
support flooring joists above and ceiling joists below.
See Illust. of Double-framed floor.
Double flower. See Double, a., 4.
Double-framed floor (Arch.), a double floor having girders
into which the binding joists are framed.
Double fugue (Mus.), a fugue on two subjects.
Double letter.
(a) (Print.) Two letters on one shank; a ligature.
(b) A mail requiring double postage.
Double note (Mus.), a note of double the length of the
semibreve; a breve. See Breve.
Double octave (Mus.), an interval composed of two octaves,
or fifteen notes, in diatonic progression; a fifteenth.
Double pica. See under Pica.
Double play (Baseball), a play by which two players are put
out at the same time.
Double plea (Law), a plea alleging several matters in
answer to the declaration, where either of such matters
alone would be a sufficient bar to the action. --Stephen.
Double point (Geom.), a point of a curve at which two
branches cross each other. Conjugate or isolated points of
a curve are called double points, since they possess most
of the properties of double points (see Conjugate). They
are also called acnodes, and those points where the
branches of the curve really cross are called crunodes.
The extremity of a cusp is also a double point.
Double quarrel. (Eccl. Law) See Duplex querela, under
Duplex.
Double refraction. (Opt.) See Refraction.
Double salt. (Chem.)
(a) A mixed salt of any polybasic acid which has been
saturated by different bases or basic radicals, as the
double carbonate of sodium and potassium,
NaKCO3.6H2O.
(b) A molecular combination of two distinct salts, as
common alum, which consists of the sulphate of
aluminium, and the sulphate of potassium or ammonium.
Double shuffle, a low, noisy dance.
Double standard (Polit. Econ.), a double standard of
monetary values; i. e., a gold standard and a silver
standard, both of which are made legal tender.
Double star (Astron.), two stars so near to each other as
to be seen separate only by means of a telescope. Such
stars may be only optically near to each other, or may be
physically connected so that they revolve round their
common center of gravity, and in the latter case are
called also binary stars.
Double time (Mil.). Same as Double-quick.
Double window, a window having two sets of glazed sashes
with an air space between them.
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NaNO3
(gcide) | Saltpeter \Salt`pe"ter\, Saltpetre \Salt`pe"tre\,
(s[add]lt`p[=e]"t[~e]r), n. [F. salp[^e]tre, NL. sal petrae,
literally, rock salt, or stone salt; so called because it
exudes from rocks or walls. See Salt, and Petrify.]
(Chem.)
Potassium nitrate; niter; a white crystalline substance,
KNO3, having a cooling saline taste, obtained by leaching
from certain soils in which it is produced by the process of
nitrification (see Nitrification, 2). It is a strong
oxidizer, is the chief constituent of gunpowder, and is also
used as an antiseptic in curing meat, and in medicine as a
diuretic, diaphoretic, and refrigerant.
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Chili salpeter (Chem.), sodium nitrate (distinguished from
potassium nitrate, or true salpeter), a white crystalline
substance, NaNO3, having a cooling, saline, slightly
bitter taste. It is obtained by leaching the soil of the
rainless districts of Chili and Peru. It is deliquescent
and cannot be used in gunpowder, but is employed in the
production of nitric acid. Called also cubic niter.
Saltpeter acid (Chem.), nitric acid; -- sometimes so called
because made from saltpeter.
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NO3-
(gcide) | Ion \I"on\ ([imac]"[o^]n), n. [Gr. 'io`n, neut, of 'iw`n, p. pr.
of 'ie`nai to go.]
1. (Elec. Chem.) an atom or goup of atoms (radical) carrying
an electrical charge. It is contrasted with neutral atoms
or molecules, and free radicals. Certain compounds, such
as sodium chloride, are composed of complementary ions in
the solid (crystalline) as well as in solution. Others,
notably acids such as hydrogen chloride, may occur as
neutral molecules in the pure liquid or gas forms, and
ionize almost completely in dilute aqueous solutions. In
solutions (as in water) ions are frequently bound
non-covalently with the molecules of solvent, and in that
case are said to be solvated. According to the
electrolytic dissociation theory, the molecules of
electrolytes are divided into ions by water and other
solvents. An ion consists of one or more atoms and carries
one unit charges of electricity, 3.4 x 10^-10
electrostatic units, or a multiple of this. Those which
are positively electrified (hydrogen and the metals) are
called cations; negative ions (hydroxyl and acidic atoms
or groups) are called anions.
Note: Thus, hydrochloric acid (HCl) dissociates, in aqueous
solution, into the hydrogen ion, H+, and the chlorine
ion, Cl-; ferric nitrate, Fe(NO3)3, yields the
ferric ion, Fe+++, and nitrate ions, NO3-, NO3-,
NO3-. When a solution containing ions is made part of
an electric circuit, the cations move toward the
cathode, the anions toward the anode. This movement is
called migration, and the velocity of it differs for
different kinds of ions. If the electromotive force is
sufficient, electrolysis ensues: cations give up their
charge at the cathode and separate in metallic form or
decompose water, forming hydrogen and alkali;
similarly, at the anode the element of the anion
separates, or the metal of the anode is dissolved, or
decomposition occurs. Aluminum and chlorine are
elements prepared predominantly by such electrolysis,
and depends on dissolving compounds in a solvent where
the element forms ions. Electrolysis is also used in
refining other metals, such as copper and silver. Cf.
Anion, Cation.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.]
2. One of the small electrified particles into which the
molecules of a gas are broken up under the action of the
electric current, of ultraviolet and certain other rays,
and of high temperatures. To the properties and behavior
of ions the phenomena of the electric discharge through
rarefied gases and many other important effects are
ascribed. At low pressures the negative ions appear to be
electrons; the positive ions, atoms minus an electron. At
ordinary pressures each ion seems to include also a number
of attached molecules. Ions may be formed in a gas in
various ways.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.] |
SO3
(gcide) | Sulphur \Sul"phur\, n. [L., better sulfur: cf. F. soufre.]
1. (Chem.) A nonmetallic element occurring naturally in large
quantities, either combined as in the sulphides (as
pyrites) and sulphates (as gypsum), or native in volcanic
regions, in vast beds mixed with gypsum and various earthy
materials, from which it is melted out. Symbol S. Atomic
weight 32. The specific gravity of ordinary octohedral
sulphur is 2.05; of prismatic sulphur, 1.96.
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Note: It is purified by distillation, and is obtained as a
lemon-yellow powder (by sublimation), called flour, or
flowers, of sulphur, or in cast sticks called roll
sulphur, or brimstone. It burns with a blue flame and a
peculiar suffocating odor. It is an ingredient of
gunpowder, is used on friction matches, and in medicine
(as a laxative and insecticide), but its chief use is
in the manufacture of sulphuric acid. Sulphur can be
obtained in two crystalline modifications, in
orthorhombic octahedra, or in monoclinic prisms, the
former of which is the more stable at ordinary
temperatures. Sulphur is the type, in its chemical
relations, of a group of elements, including selenium
and tellurium, called collectively the sulphur group,
or family. In many respects sulphur resembles oxygen.
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2. (Zool.) Any one of numerous species of yellow or orange
butterflies of the subfamily Pierinae; as, the clouded
sulphur (Eurymus philodice syn. Colias philodice),
which is the common yellow butterfly of the Eastern United
States.
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Amorphous sulphur (Chem.), an elastic variety of sulphur of
a resinous appearance, obtained by pouring melted sulphur
into water. On standing, it passes back into a brittle
crystalline modification.
Liver of sulphur. (Old Chem.) See Hepar.
Sulphur acid. (Chem.) See Sulphacid.
Sulphur alcohol. (Chem.) See Mercaptan.
Sulphur auratum [L.] (Old Chem.), a golden yellow powder,
consisting of antimonic sulphide, Sb2S5, -- formerly a
famous nostrum.
Sulphur base (Chem.), an alkaline sulphide capable of
acting as a base in the formation of sulphur salts
according to the old dual theory of salts. [Archaic]
Sulphur dioxide (Chem.), a colorless gas, SO2, of a
pungent, suffocating odor, produced by the burning of
sulphur. It is employed chiefly in the production of
sulphuric acid, and as a reagent in bleaching; -- called
also sulphurous anhydride, and formerly {sulphurous
acid}.
Sulphur ether (Chem.), a sulphide of hydrocarbon radicals,
formed like the ordinary ethers, which are oxides, but
with sulphur in the place of oxygen.
Sulphur salt (Chem.), a salt of a sulphacid; a sulphosalt.
Sulphur showers, showers of yellow pollen, resembling
sulphur in appearance, often carried from pine forests by
the wind to a great distance.
Sulphur trioxide (Chem.), a white crystalline solid, SO3,
obtained by oxidation of sulphur dioxide. It dissolves in
water with a hissing noise and the production of heat,
forming sulphuric acid, and is employed as a dehydrating
agent. Called also sulphuric anhydride, and formerly
sulphuric acid.
Sulphur whale. (Zool.) See Sulphur-bottom.
Vegetable sulphur (Bot.), lycopodium powder. See under
Lycopodium.
[1913 Webster]Trioxide \Tri*ox"ide\, n. [Pref. tri- + oxide.] (Chem.)
An oxide containing three atoms of oxygen; as, sulphur
trioxide, SO3; -- formerly called tritoxide.
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Y2O3
(gcide) | Yttria \Yt"tri*a\, n. [NL. See Yttrium.] (Chem.)
The oxide, Y2O3, or earth, of yttrium.
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